CN107087475B - A kind of differential flexible corn installed threshing separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a differential-speed flexible corn threshing and separating device, which comprises a hopper, a transmission mechanism, a kneading initial release mechanism, a frame, a flexible threshing separation mechanism, and an upper cover plate; the feeding hopper is fixed on the upper part of the frame, and the kneading initial release mechanism Installed on the frame, located at the lower end of the hopper, the flexible threshing and separation mechanism is installed on the frame at the rear of the kneading and initial removal mechanism, and the upper cover is located above the flexible threshing and separation mechanism. The present invention can thresh and preliminarily clean the strip-shaped and block-shaped corn grain-core combinations that have passed through the core breaking process by rubbing at low linear speed with large gaps and flexible impact at high speeds with small gaps, greatly improving the efficiency of detaching machinery for corn. Adaptability to moisture content, high cleaning rate, low damage rate, and high efficiency.

Description

A Differential Speed Flexible Corn Threshing Separation Device

technical field

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a differential-speed flexible corn threshing and separating device, which is mainly suitable for the threshing process of broken corn cobs with high and low moisture content, and is a key component of an internal threshing corn thresher.

technical background

Corn is the main food crop in my country, and it is also an important feed and industrial raw material. The artificial harvesting process of corn is labor-intensive and low-efficiency. application limitations. Mechanized harvesting of corn not only saves time and effort, but also can effectively reduce the loss in the harvesting process. It is a shortcut to improve corn production efficiency, save production costs, and increase corn yield.

Threshing is an important process of mechanized harvesting of corn. The moisture content of corn grown in most areas of my country is 25%~35% or even higher when harvested. The corn cob under this moisture content has high toughness and small gaps between grains, so it can be used directly The traditional threshing method has a low cleaning rate and a high damage rate, and traditional machinery cannot be used for direct harvesting of grains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a corn threshing machine that can directly harvest corn with high moisture content in my country, has a high removal rate and a low damage rate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that when corn is harvested in my country, the moisture content is too high, the core toughness is high, and the gap between the grains is small, and it is impossible to directly use the traditional external method to harvest the grains directly when harvesting. —The drying-threshing segmentation harvesting mode wastes manpower and material resources, the harvesting efficiency is low, and the corn mildew and threshing damage cause huge losses. It provides a method that can knead, thresh, and initially separate the corn after processing broken cores. A differential-speed flexible corn threshing separation device and method with low rate of grain damage and high efficiency.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves technical problem is taken:

A differential-speed flexible corn threshing and separating device, including a hopper, a transmission mechanism, a kneading initial release mechanism, a frame, a flexible threshing separation mechanism, and an upper cover plate; the feeding hopper is fixed on the upper part of the frame, and the kneading initial release mechanism is installed on the frame On the top, located at the lower end of the hopper, the flexible threshing and separating mechanism is installed on the frame at the rear of the kneading and initial removing mechanism, and the upper cover is located above the flexible threshing and separating mechanism;

The kneading initial release mechanism includes a twill rod, a small plate, a small roller and a small concave plate, the small plate is fixed on the mandrel, the small roller is a closed axial flow roller, and is fixed on 2 or more small plates, and the twill The rod is fixed on the small drum in the form of a 4-head spiral, which is the threshing element of the rubbing primary release mechanism. The small concave plate is a non-porous concave plate with protrusions on the working surface, located under the small drum, and the center lines of the two coincide;

The flexible threshing separation mechanism includes flexible plate teeth, a large drum, a large plate and a large concave plate, the large plate is fixed on the mandrel, the large drum is an open axial flow drum, and is fixed on two or more large plates, The material of the flexible plate tooth is rubber or polyurethane, which is the threshing element of the flexible threshing separation mechanism. The angle formed by the tangent at the joint of the large roller and the teeth of the flexible plate is 75-85°, the large concave plate is a grid-shaped concave plate, and its center line coincides with the large roller;

The radius of gyration at the end of the twill rod in the kneading and initial release mechanism is 100-120 mm, the radius of gyration at the end of the flexible plate teeth in the flexible threshing separation mechanism is 220-240 mm, and the small drum and the large drum transition through a truncated rotator. The distance between the bottom surface of the twill rod and the top surface of the small concave plate is greater than the distance between the bottom surface of the flexible plate tooth and the top surface of the large concave plate.

The transmission mechanism is located at the front end outside the frame, and includes a casing, a power input shaft, a power output shaft, and a spindle, and each shaft is meshed by a bevel gear.

Further, there is a guide plate located at the lower part of the flexible threshing separation mechanism, including a front guide plate and a rear guide plate.

The upper cover plate is fixed on the frame with bolts, including a guide bar and a cover plate.

Further, there is a miscellaneous board at the rear of the whole machine.

Further, a re-release opening is provided at the front end of the upper cover plate.

The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are: through low linear speed, large gap rubbing, high speed and small gap flexible impact, the strip-shaped and block-shaped corn kernel-core combination that has gone through the core breaking process can be threshed and preliminarily cleaned , Greatly improve the adaptability of the detachment machine to the moisture content of corn, with high removal rate, small damage rate and high efficiency.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a kind of axonometric schematic diagram of the embodiment of differential velocity flexible corn threshing and separation device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side sectional view and a schematic diagram of the radius of gyration of an embodiment of the differential-speed flexible corn threshing and separating device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the axial side of a small concave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the axial side and grid size requirements of a large concave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the axial side of a top cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of installation dimensions of a threshing element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the axial side of a threshing drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure, the feeding hopper 1, the transmission mechanism 2, the rubbing initial release mechanism 3, the frame 4, the guide plate 5, the miscellaneous plate 6, the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7, the re-threshing port 8, the upper cover plate 9, the shell 201, and the mandrel 202, power output shaft 203, power input shaft 204, twill rod 301, small plate 302, small roller 303, small concave plate 304, front guide plate 501, rear guide plate 502, flexible plate teeth 701, large roller 702, large plate 703, large concave plate 704, guide bar 902, cover plate 901.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in Figure 1-2, a differential flexible corn threshing and separation device includes a hopper 1, a transmission mechanism 2, a kneading initial release mechanism 3, a frame 4, a guide plate 5, a miscellaneous discharge plate 6, and a flexible threshing separation mechanism 7. The upper cover plate 9 (as shown in Figure 5), the re-extraction port 8; the feeding hopper 1 is fixed on the upper part of the frame 4, the transmission mechanism 2 is located at the front end outside the frame 4, and the kneading initial release mechanism 3 is installed on the frame 4 , located at the lower end of the feeding hopper 1, the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7 is located at the rear of the kneading initial removing mechanism 3, the guide plate 5 is located at the lower part of the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7, the upper cover plate 9 is located above the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7, and the miscellaneous discharge plate 6 is located on the whole At the rear of the machine, the re-extraction port 8 is located at the front end of the upper cover plate 9 and communicates with the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 6, and Figure 7, the rubbing initial release mechanism 3 includes a diagonal rod 301, a small plate 302, a small roller 303 and a small concave plate 304 (as shown in Figure 3), and the small plate 302 is fixed on the mandrel 202, the small drum 303 is a closed axial flow drum, fixed on two or more small plates 302, and the twill rod 301 is fixed on the small drum 303 in the form of 4 spirals, which is used for the kneading of the initial release mechanism 3. The threshing element, the small concave plate 304 is a non-porous concave plate with protrusions on the working surface, located below the small drum 303, the center lines of the two coincide, and the distance a between the bottom surface of the diagonal rod 301 and the convex top of the small concave plate 304 is 16 -24 mm; the strip-shaped and block-shaped corn kernel-core combination after the core breaking process is kneaded and squeezed at a low linear speed in the large threshing gap formed by the small concave plate 304 and the diagonal rod 301, and the grains are easy to thresh After being taken off, the core of the material is further broken and conveyed backward by the screw.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7, the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7 includes flexible plate teeth 701, a large drum 702, a large plate 703 and a large concave plate 704 (as shown in Figure 4), the large plate 703 is fixed on the mandrel 202, the large drum 702 is an open axial flow drum, fixed on two or more large boards 703, and the material of the flexible board teeth 701 is rubber or polyurethane, which is the threshing of the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7. The element, whose working surface is tooth-shaped, is arranged in the form of a 4-head spiral and installed on the large roller 702. When the large roller 702 is stationary, the tangent at the joint between the flexible plate teeth 701 and the large roller 702 is formed by the flexible plate teeth. The angle is 75-85°, the large concave plate 704 is a grid type concave plate, its center line coincides with the large roller 702, the distance between the grid bars is 16-22mm, the end of the flexible plate tooth 701 is in working condition and the surface of the concave plate The distance between them is 10-15mm; the material conveyed by the front rubbing and initial release mechanism 3 passes through the small threshing gap formed by the flexible plate teeth 701 and the large concave plate 704 in the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7, and is subjected to the flexibility of the high linear speed of the flexible plate teeth 701. The centrifugal force, the recovery reaction force and the tooth-shaped working surface on the reverse-bent flexible plate teeth 701 enhance the threshing effect, and the flexible material reduces the damage rate.

As shown in Figure 1-7, the radius of gyration at the end of the twill rod 301 in the rubbing initial release mechanism 3 is 100-120 mm, and the radius of gyration at the end of the flexible plate tooth 701 in the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7 is 220-240 mm. The small drum 303 and the large drum 702 transition through the conical rotator, so as to form the difference in the linear speed of the threaded rod 301 and the flexible plate teeth 701, apply low-speed kneading to the large grain-core combination in the large threshing gap, and apply low-speed kneading to the small grains. The material exerts high-speed flexible impact in the small threshing gap.

As shown in Fig. 1, the transmission mechanism 2 is located at the front end of the whole machine, and includes a casing 201, a power input shaft 204, a power output shaft 203, and a spindle 202. Each shaft is meshed with bevel gears to transmit power to the differential flexible In the threshing separation device.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the guide plate 5 is located at the lower part of the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7, including a front guide plate 501 and a rear guide plate 502, and guides the threshing and preliminary cleaning materials into the cleaning device below.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, the upper cover plate 9 is located above the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7 and is fixed on the frame 4 with bolts, including a guide bar 902 and a cover plate 901 to guide the materials of the flexible threshing and separating mechanism 7 To prevent it from splashing.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the miscellaneous discharge plate 6 is located at the rear of the whole machine to prevent the miscellaneous waste discharged from the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7 from splashing.

As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the re-extraction port 8 is located at the front end of the upper cover plate 9 and communicates with the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7, and the materials whose cleaning effect does not meet the requirements enter the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7 at the re-extraction port 8 for re-extraction .

A working process of the present invention:

When working, the power device transmits the power to the power input shaft 204, and the mandrel 202 is rotated through the transmission mechanism 2, and the strip-shaped and block-shaped corn grain-core combination that passes through the broken core enters the kneading initial release mechanism 3 through the hopper 1 The front end is spirally conveyed to the rear end by the diagonal rod 301. During the conveying process, the material passes through the large threshing gap formed by the small roller 303 and the small concave plate 304, and performs preliminary threshing under the kneading action of the diagonal rod 301 at a low linear speed. At this time, the corn that is easy to thresh is taken off first, and the cob of the corn is further broken, and most of the kernels are still connected to the core, and then the material is conveyed into the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7 by a screw, and the screw conveyed by the flexible plate tooth 704 and the guide bar Under the action of 902, it moves to the rear of the whole machine. During this movement, it passes through the small threshing gap formed by the flexible plate teeth 701 and the large concave plate 704. In the gap, the material is impacted by the flexible plate teeth 701 with high linear speed. 1. The collision of the grid on the large concave plate 704 causes forced vibration and self-excited vibration, and the grain-core joint with less strength breaks, and the threshing is completed. The grid gap falls into the cleaning device below, and the front and rear prolapses are guided by the guide plate 5 and fall into the cleaning device. The large cores that cannot pass through the grid gap of the large concave plate 704 are matched with the miscellaneous discharge plate at the rear of the machine 6 discharge, the material that still does not meet the requirements after cleaning enters the flexible threshing separation device again through the re-extraction port 8. In the present invention, the strip-shaped and block-shaped corn grain-core combination that has passed through the core breaking process is processed by rubbing the low linear speed and large gap rubbing of the initial stripping mechanism 2 and the high-speed small gap flexible impact of the flexible threshing separation mechanism 7. Threshing and preliminary cleaning greatly improve the adaptability of the detaching machine to the moisture content of corn, with high cleaning rate, low damage rate and high efficiency.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of differential flexible corn installed threshing separator, it is characterised in that: including material bin (1), transmission mechanism (2), rubbing First release mechanism (3), rack (4), flexible threshing separating mechanism (7), upper cover plate (9)；Material bin (1) is fixed on rack (4) top, It rubs just release mechanism (3) to be mounted on rack (4), is located at material bin (1) lower end, flexible threshing separating mechanism (7), which is mounted on, to be rubbed It rubs with the hands in the just rack (4) at release mechanism (3) rear portion, upper cover plate (9) is located above flexible threshing separating mechanism (7)；

Just release mechanism (3) includes twill bar (301), small former (302), doffer (303) and small notch board (304) for the rubbing, Small former (302) is fixed on mandrel (202), and doffer (303) is enclosed axial-flow type drum, is fixed on 2 pieces or more of small former (302) on, twill bar (301) is fixed on doffer (303) in the form of 4 spirals, for the threshing for rubbing just release mechanism (3) Element, small notch board (304) are the raised non-porous notch boards of working surface, are located at the lower section of doffer (303), the two center line It is overlapped；

The flexible threshing separating mechanism (7) includes flexible board tooth (701), swift (702), big former (703) and big notch board (704), big former (703) is fixed on mandrel (202), and swift (702) is open type axial-flow type drum, is fixed on 2 pieces or more On big former (703), it is the threshing member of flexible threshing separating mechanism (7) that the material of flexible board tooth (701), which is rubber or polyurethane, Part, working surface are tooth form, arrange and are mounted on swift (702) in the form of 4 spirals, and the swift (702) is static When, the tangent line and flexible board tooth angulation of flexible board tooth (701) and swift (702) junction are 75-85 °, big notch board It (704) is grid-type concave, center line is overlapped with swift (702)；

Twill bar (301) the end radius of gyration in the first release mechanism (3) of the rubbing is 100-120 mm, flexible threshing seperator The end radius of gyration of flexible board tooth (701) in structure (7) is 220-240 mm, and doffer (303) passes through with swift (702) Round table-like revolving body transition, twill bar (301) bottom surface and small notch board top surface distance are greater than flexible board bottom of the tooth face and big notch board top surface Distance.

2. differential flexible corn installed threshing separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the transmission mechanism (2) The front end external positioned at rack (4), including shell (201), power input shaft (204), power output shaft (203), mandrel (202), each axis is engaged by bevel gear.

3. differential flexible corn installed threshing separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further, be equipped with guide plate (5), it is located at flexible threshing separating mechanism (7) lower part, including preceding guide plate (501) and rear deflector (502).

4. differential flexible corn installed threshing separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the upper cover plate (9) uses spiral shell Bolt is fixed on rack (4), including guide ribs (902) and cover board (901).

5. differential flexible corn installed threshing separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further, at complete machine rear portion Equipped with an impurities removal plate (6).

6. differential flexible corn installed threshing separator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further, in upper cover plate (9) Front end be equipped with one de- mouth (8) again.