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CN107073802A - 用于层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN107073802A
CN107073802A CN201580052528.6A CN201580052528A CN107073802A CN 107073802 A CN107073802 A CN 107073802A CN 201580052528 A CN201580052528 A CN 201580052528A CN 107073802 A CN107073802 A CN 107073802A
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克里斯特·哈尔瓦德松
戴维·科捷林
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SIG Services AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/16—Lining or labelling
    • B29C51/162—Lining or labelling of deep containers or boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/266—Auxiliary operations after the thermoforming operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
    • B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/12—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/001—Shaping in several steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2701/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2701/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2905/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as mould material
    • B29K2905/02—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/22—Fibres of short length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过热塑性膜(1)层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置，其中，该膜(1)通过热量和压差被层压到待覆盖的纤维模制件(7)的表面上。为了通过使用较薄的膜能够节省材料来改进整个纤维模制件(7)的层压，且特别是为了实现在整个纤维模制件(7)上均匀的层压强度，提供了下述步骤：将所供应的膜(1)的至少边缘固定到基板(2)上，加热所述膜(1)，所述膜(1)的弹性变形仅借助于凸模的模制工具(5)，供应所述纤维模制件(7)，将所述纤维模制件(7)接合到预成型的膜(1)，以及移除所述层压的纤维模制件(7’)。

Description

用于层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过热塑性膜层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置，该仿形纤维模制件用于包装元件、特别是液体包装，其中该膜通过热量和压差被层压到待覆盖的纤维模制件的表面上。
背景技术
一直以来已知的是，通过将纤维模制件和膜彼此层压，来用热塑性膜覆盖甚至具有很难的几何形状的仿形纤维模制件。作为示例，如果纤维模制件被用作用于液体(诸如饮料或食物)的容器的包装元件，则气密密封的涂层或液密密封的覆盖层是期望的。
从US-A3657044已知的是，在加热和真空效果下，通过将膜并入纤维模制件且将其层压至该纤维模制件，来用薄的热塑性膜覆盖仿形纤维模制件。此方法已经关于老式喷涂法或浸渍法中证明了自身。该膜在该过程中被固定在两个模制部件之间，以便在其外边缘处固定不动地固定。对于该已知的层压方法构造工作是相当大的，并且层压的膜的均匀厚度仅能实现简单的几何形状。
用于层压仿形纤维模制件和热塑性膜的另外的热成型方法分别是从DE2547477A1和DE2547814A1已知的。
DE2547477A1描述了一种用于将空气传导进入热塑性膜的热成型的站的装置和方法。特别是处理在层压期间的空气和不同温度的传导。为了避免通过撞击的真空对加热的膜冷却，提出在待覆盖的纤维模制件的表面的方向上通过冲压将加热的膜做成圆拱形。
DE2547814A1描述了用于通过塑料材料膜给纸杯加衬的机器，其中该塑料材料膜被热成型杯子。闭合的模制件不再用于此处，相反，单个的膜的部分机械地固定到圆周框架。然而，上述的两个文献均公开了用于所使用的塑料材料膜的最终变形的纯热成型方法。
发明内容
将此作为出发点，本发明的目的是进一步设计和开发在引言中提到的且在上面更详细描述的方法和装置，其用于以这样的方式通过热塑性膜层压仿形纤维模制件：纤维模制件的层压由于通过使用较薄的膜可以实现材料的减少而改进为整体，且其中在整个纤维模制件上可以实现特别均匀的层压厚度。
根据该方法，本发明目的的解决方案通过下述步骤实现：
-将供应的所述膜的至少边缘固定到基板上，
-加热所述膜，
-通过仅仅一个凸模的模制工具使所述膜塑性变形，使得所述膜调整以适应所述模制工具的端部的仿形形状，
-移除所述凸模的模制工具，
-供应所述纤维模制件，
-将所述纤维模制件接合到预成型的膜，以及
-移除层压的纤维模制件。
对应的装置通过以下部件实现了所述目的：基板，所述基板具有用于固定所述膜的至少边缘的开口；加热装置，所述加热装置用于加热所述膜；仅一个模制工具，所述模制工具设计为用于所述膜的塑性变形的凸模形状，使得所述膜能够根据所述模制工具的端部的仿形形状变形；模具，所述模具用于供应所述纤维模制件且移除层压的纤维模制件；以及压差单元。
本发明已经识别到，如果单独地通过过压或真空而没有将膜按压或吸到待覆盖的纤维模制件的表面上，则该膜的更好的且更均匀的变形可以出现。替代地，“模具冲压”与已知的热成型方法的结合提供了更好的结果，其中，甚至可以减小使用的膜厚度，所以，特别是对于大批量生产的产品，显著地减少材料已变成可能。待使用的膜的厚度主要由预期的应用来确定。然而，如果纤维模制件的覆盖层已导致足够的气密性和液密性，那么质量不会通过更厚的膜来进一步提高。相反地，这意味着：为了节省材料而在膜厚度方面的减小呈现了对待使用的技术的重大挑战。
本发明的另外的教导提供了：膜通过真空固定到基板上。然而可替选地，至少膜的边缘也可以纯粹地机械固定。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，膜可优选地通过红外线辐射或通过热空气来加热。
另一优选的实施方式提供了：膜也可以或附加地可以通过模制工具中的加热器来加热。另外有利的是，预加热纤维模制件，以实现热塑性膜和纤维的表面之间的最佳交联，且防止膜在接触纤维模制件时提前冷却。
根据本发明另外的教导，提供了：可将真空施加到模制工具，以获得特别均匀的纤维模制件的厚度。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，提供了：模制工具设计为凸模形状，且模制工具的仿形端部具有对应于纤维模制件的内部形状的几何形状。本文中模制工具充当“冲压工具”，所以即便在膜接合到纤维模制件之前，变形的膜也已预成型为其随后的形状。为此，模制工件优选地也具有加热装置。优选地，也可以加热模具，以用于膜/纤维模制件的接合过程。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，模制工具在仿形端部具有至少一个真空开口。模制工具的仿形端部可至少部分地由泡沫状的铝制成。根据本发明的另一教导，基板在膜的边缘区域也具有用于固定膜的至少一个真空开口，或者，基板在此位置由泡沫状的铝制成。膜因此能够靠近于模制工具而被导向以实现最佳的塑性变形。
如已提到的加热方法，红外线装置或热空气装置优选地提供为加热装置。
在另外的实施方式中，模具具有形成通道系统的多个孔，该通道系统能够附接到压差单元。压差单元优选地设计为真空单元，且因此该真空单元还能够从在模制工具的仿形端部上预成型的膜的上方供应纤维模制件，这是因为纤维模制件通过真空保持在模具的腔中。
附图说明
在下文中将参考仅描述了一个优选的实施方式的附图来详细解释本发明。在附图中：
图1A-1C示出了制造方法的各个步骤的示意图，以及
图2示出了层压的纤维模制件。
具体实施方式
图1A示出了：为了执行根据本发明的方法，膜1放置在基板2上，该基板在中心具有开口3。
然后，通过加热装置4从上方加热膜1。膜1由适合的机构固定到保持板2，以防至少在其边缘处滑动。这种固定可以通过施加真空或机械地发生。
通过使模制工具5上升通过孔3，来使热的并因此弹性的膜1预变形。为此目的，模制工具5的仿形端部6具有凸模形状，该形状与纤维模制件7的内部形状的几何形状一致。
在图1B中，模制工具已到达其端部位置，并且能够清楚地看到：热塑性膜已适应于模制工具5的端部6的仿形形状，并且因此在本文中由附图标记1’表示。尚待下降的纤维模制件7已可在膜1’的上方看到，且该纤维模制件7保持在模具8中，该模具的凹模形状匹配纤维模制件7的外部的几何形状。可以看到各种各样的孔9的通道系统分布在该凹模形状的表面上，经由端口10，真空可以通过该通道系统而被施加到凹模形状上，且施加到位于其中的纤维模制件7上。
最后图1C示出了：模具8已被下降到预成型的膜1’上，从而在该位置中，实际层压发生在膜和纤维模制件7之间。此前，在层压过程之前、期间或之后，从纤维模制件7’向下移除模制工具。在冷却和打开模制件之后，两部分形成层压的纤维模制件7’，该层压的纤维模制件7’再次单独地示出于图2中。
需要理解的是，本发明方法示出的示意图仅用作解释方法步骤且不应当表示对使用的工具和/或模制件的任何种类的限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于通过热塑性膜层压用于包装元件、特别是流体容器的仿形的纤维模制件的方法，其中，所述膜通过热量和压差被层压到待覆盖的所述纤维模制件的表面，
其特征在于以下步骤：
-将供应的所述膜的至少边缘固定到基板上，
-加热所述膜，
-通过仅仅一个凸模的模制工具使所述膜塑性变形，使得所述膜调整以适应所述模制工具的端部的仿形形状，
-移除所述凸模的模制工具，
-供应所述纤维模制件，
-将所述纤维模制件接合到预成型的膜，以及
-移除层压的纤维模制件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜通过真空固定到所述基板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜机械地固定到所述基板。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜通过红外线辐射来加热。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜通过热空气来加热。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜通过所述模制工具中的加热器来加热。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在层压之前加热所述纤维模制件。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，能够将真空施加到所述模制工具。
9.一种用于通过热塑性膜(1)层压用于包装元件、特别是流体容器的仿形的纤维模制件(7)的装置，其中，所述膜(1)通过热量和压差被层压到待覆盖的所述纤维模制件(7)的表面上，
其特征在于：
-基板(2)，所述基板具有用于固定所述膜(1)的至少边缘的开口(3)，
-加热装置(4)，所述加热装置用于加热所述膜(1)，
-仅一个模制工具(5)，所述模制工具设计为用于所述膜(1)的塑性变形的凸模形状，使得所述膜(1)能够根据所述模制工具的端部的仿形形状变形，
-模具(8)，所述模具用于供应所述纤维模制件(7)且移除层压的纤维模制件(7’)，以及
-压差单元。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模制工具(5)被设计为凸模形状，并且，所述模制工具(5)的仿形端部(6)具有对应于所述纤维模制件(7)的内部形状的几何形状。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模制工具(5)和/或所述模具(8)具有加热装置。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模制工具在所述仿形端部处具有至少一个真空开口。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模制工具至少部分地由泡沫状的铝制成。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述基板具有用于固定所述膜的至少一个真空开口。
15.根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述基板至少部分地由泡沫状的铝制成。
16.根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置是红外线加热装置。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置是热空气加热装置。
18.根据权利要求9至17中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模具(8)具有形成通道系统(9)的多个孔，所述通道系统(9)能够附接到所述压差单元。
19.根据权利要求9至18中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压差单元是真空单元。
20.一种根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法制成的纤维模制件，所述纤维模制件特别是用于饮料包装容器的头部元件或基部元件。
CN201580052528.6A 2014-09-30 2015-09-29 用于层压仿形的纤维模制件的方法和装置 Pending CN107073802A (zh)

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