CN107063970B - A test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass - Google Patents
A test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统，包括煤岩体密封箱体、轴压、围压加载装置、恒压气体加载及流量监测系统、应力监测系统和应变监测系统，所述煤岩体密封箱体包括保护层和被保护层，保护层分为中心回采区域和边界保护区域，中心回采区域内设有模拟回采层，模拟回采层包括沿着回采方向依次放置的多个承压柔性气囊，所述多个承压柔性气囊用一矩形框体围起，相邻两所述承压柔性气囊之间用隔板间隔定位，且每一所述承压柔性气囊连接有导管伸出煤岩体密封箱体，该系统能更加真实的模拟保护层回采过程中其四周的受力条件，使应变应力、渗透率测量结果更加接近实际，为保护层开采卸压效果分析、卸压瓦斯抽采方案设计提供装备基础。
The invention provides a test system for simulating the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass in three dimensions, including a coal rock mass sealing box, an axial pressure and confining pressure loading device, a constant pressure gas loading and flow monitoring system, a stress monitoring system and a strain monitoring system , the coal and rock mass sealing box includes a protective layer and a protected layer, the protective layer is divided into a central mining area and a boundary protection area, and a simulated mining layer is arranged in the central mining area. A plurality of pressure-bearing flexible airbags, the plurality of pressure-bearing flexible airbags are surrounded by a rectangular frame, and spaced between two adjacent pressure-bearing flexible airbags with partitions, and each of the pressure-bearing flexible airbags is connected There is a conduit extending out of the coal and rock mass sealed box. The system can more realistically simulate the stress conditions around it during the mining process of the protective layer, so that the measurement results of strain stress and permeability are closer to reality. . The design of pressure relief gas extraction scheme provides the equipment basis.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于矿山工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of mine engineering, and in particular relates to a test system for simulating the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass in three dimensions.
背景技术：Background technique:
在多煤层开采矿井中瓦斯灾害防治、应用保护层开采技术防治煤与瓦斯突出灾害的煤层开采过程中，由于煤层的采掘会造成邻近煤岩体卸压，应力状态发生变化，并产生大量裂隙，在裂隙带内煤岩体的渗透特性会产生显著变化，影响着瓦斯的流动和聚集特征，为了提高卸压瓦斯的抽采效率、避免卸压瓦斯灾害的发生，需要研究邻近煤岩体渗透特性的演化规律，以指导瓦斯抽采方案的设计。现有的试验装置通常包括试验箱体、压力加载系统、气体加载及流量监测系统、应力应变测量系统，试验箱体宽度小，一般不超过30cm，只能进行二维变形条件下渗流特性研究，试验箱体内设有保护层和被保护层，但所述保护层在开采的过程中，没有设定保护边界，只能进行二维条件下的平面应力应变监测，因此未能模拟出保护层开采过程中其四周真实的受力条件，那么渗透率、应变应力的测量结果也不够准确，对瓦斯抽采方案的设计造成一定影响。In the coal seam mining process of preventing and controlling gas disasters in multi-coal seam mining wells and applying protective layer mining technology to prevent coal and gas outburst disasters, the mining of coal seams will cause pressure relief of adjacent coal and rock masses, change the stress state, and produce a large number of cracks. In the fracture zone, the permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass will change significantly, which affects the flow and accumulation characteristics of gas. In order to improve the extraction efficiency of pressure relief gas and avoid the occurrence of pressure relief gas disasters, it is necessary to study the permeability characteristics of adjacent coal and rock masses. evolution law to guide the design of gas drainage scheme. The existing test device usually includes a test box, a pressure loading system, a gas loading and flow monitoring system, and a stress-strain measurement system. The width of the test box is small, generally not more than 30cm, and it can only study the seepage characteristics under two-dimensional deformation conditions. The test chamber is provided with a protective layer and a protected layer, but during the mining process, the protective layer has no protective boundary, and can only monitor the plane stress and strain under two-dimensional conditions, so the protective layer cannot be simulated. Due to the real stress conditions around it during the mining process, the measurement results of permeability and strain stress are not accurate enough, which will have a certain impact on the design of the gas drainage scheme.
发明内容：Invention content:
针对现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提供一种三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统，其能真实模拟保护层开采过程中的四周受力条件，精准测量保护层煤岩体的应变应力和渗透率。Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a three-dimensional test system for simulating the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass, which can truly simulate the surrounding stress conditions during the mining process of the protective layer, and accurately measure the strain of the coal and rock mass in the protective layer. Stress and Permeability.
本发明采用如下技术方案：提供一种三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统，包括煤岩体密封箱体、轴压加载装置、围压加载装置、恒压气体加载及流量监测系统、应力监测系统和应变监测系统，所述煤岩体密封箱体包括框架和底座，所述框架固定在底座上，框架的前端面和后端面分别安装带有小孔的有机玻璃板，其余各面由钢板密封而成；The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a test system for simulating the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass in three dimensions is provided, including a coal rock mass sealing box, an axial pressure loading device, a confining pressure loading device, a constant pressure gas loading and a flow monitoring system, A stress monitoring system and a strain monitoring system, the coal and rock mass sealing box includes a frame and a base, the frame is fixed on the base, the front and rear faces of the frame are respectively installed with plexiglass plates with small holes, and the other surfaces are Sealed by steel plate;
所述煤岩体密封箱体的顶壁内侧安装有多组油压缸，每组油压缸均与一上压板连接，所述油压缸通过高压钢管与所述轴压加载装置连接，所述煤岩体密封箱体的一侧壁内侧安装有压力气囊与一侧压板连接，所述压力气囊通过高压钢管与所述围压加载装置连接，所述煤岩体密封箱体内铺设有保护层和被保护层，所述保护层分为待回采的中心回采区域和边界保护区域，所述中心回采区域内设有模拟回采层，所述模拟回采层包括沿着回采方向依次放置的多个承压柔性气囊，所述多个承压柔性气囊外边缘用矩形框体围起，相邻两所述承压柔性气囊之间用隔板间隔定位，所述煤岩体密封箱体的底壁内侧安装有导管连通外界与所述模拟回采层，所述恒压气体加载及流量监测系统包括气体加载装置和电子气体流量计，所述气体加载装置通过高压钢管与所述煤岩体密封箱体的进气孔连接并连通所述被保护层，所述进气孔为位于框架后端面的所述有机玻璃板上的多个小孔，所述电子气体流量计与所述密封箱体的测量孔连接，所述测量孔为位于框架前端面的所述有机玻璃板上与所述进气孔对应设置的多个小孔；Multiple groups of hydraulic cylinders are installed on the inner side of the top wall of the coal-rock mass sealing box, each group of hydraulic cylinders is connected to an upper pressure plate, and the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the axial pressure loading device through high-pressure steel pipes, so A pressure airbag is installed on the inner side of one side wall of the coal and rock mass sealing box to connect with one side pressure plate, the pressure airbag is connected with the confining pressure loading device through a high-pressure steel pipe, and a protective layer is laid in the coal and rock mass sealing box. and the protected layer, the protection layer is divided into a central mining area to be mined and a boundary protection area, a simulated mining layer is arranged in the central mining area, and the simulated mining layer includes a plurality of bearing layers placed in sequence along the mining direction. The outer edges of the multiple pressure-bearing flexible airbags are surrounded by a rectangular frame, and the adjacent two pressure-bearing flexible airbags are spaced by a partition, and the coal rock body seals the inner side of the bottom wall of the box. A conduit is installed to communicate with the outside world and the simulated mining layer. The constant pressure gas loading and flow monitoring system includes a gas loading device and an electronic gas flow meter. The air inlet is connected and communicated with the protected layer, the air inlet is a plurality of small holes on the plexiglass plate on the rear end of the frame, the electronic gas flow meter is connected with the measurement hole of the sealed box connection, the measuring holes are a plurality of small holes corresponding to the air inlet holes on the plexiglass plate on the front end face of the frame;
所述应力监测系统包括压力盒和计算机，所述压力盒安装在所述被保护层中的应力测试点上，所述应变监测系统包括光纤光栅传感器、可发出光信号的光纤光栅传感调节仪和数据采集计算机，所述光纤光栅传感器垂直埋设在所述被保护层中的应变测试点上。The stress monitoring system includes a pressure box and a computer, the pressure box is installed on the stress test point in the protected layer, and the strain monitoring system includes a fiber grating sensor, a fiber grating sensor and regulator that can emit light signals and a data acquisition computer, the fiber grating sensor is vertically embedded on the strain test point in the protected layer.
所述轴压加载装置包括油压罐、与所述油压罐连接的油压泵和设于所述油压泵上的压力表。The axial pressure loading device includes an oil pressure tank, an oil pressure pump connected with the oil pressure tank, and a pressure gauge provided on the oil pressure pump.
所述围压加载装置包括高压充气瓶和设于所述高压充气瓶上的压力表。The confining pressure loading device includes a high-pressure inflatable bottle and a pressure gauge arranged on the high-pressure inflatable bottle.
所述气体加载装置包括高压瓦斯瓶和设于其上的减压阀和压力表。The gas loading device includes a high-pressure gas bottle, a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge arranged thereon.
所述多组油压缸为四组，每组油压缸包括前后对齐设置的两个油压缸。The multiple groups of hydraulic cylinders are four groups, and each group of hydraulic cylinders includes two hydraulic cylinders arranged in front and rear alignment.
所述框架前端面和后端面的所述有机玻璃板上的小孔对称设置，均排列为6排，每排为10个。The small holes on the plexiglass plate on the front and rear surfaces of the frame are symmetrically arranged, and are arranged in 6 rows, with 10 holes in each row.
所述应变测试点为10个。The strain test points are 10.
所述光纤光栅传感器的光纤套设有保护套管。The optical fiber sleeve of the fiber grating sensor is provided with a protective sleeve.
本发明还提供一种采用上述三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统进行煤体渗透特性测试的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for testing the permeability characteristics of coal mass using the above-mentioned testing system for simulating the permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass in three-dimensional simulation of pressure relief, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、铺设模型和组装三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统：Step 1. Lay the model and assemble the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of the pressure relief coal and rock mass:
步骤101：根据待研究矿井的实际地质条件设定保护层和被保护层的高度；Step 101: Set the heights of the protective layer and the protected layer according to the actual geological conditions of the mine to be studied;
步骤102：将带有小孔的前、后有机玻璃板分别安装在框架的前端面和后端面上，在框架的底面和其中一侧面均安装钢板形成煤岩体密封箱体的底壁和一侧壁，在所述侧壁内侧安装好压力气囊和侧压板，在所述底壁内侧安装导管至模拟回采层高度，在框架后端面的有机玻璃板上选择小孔作为进气孔并安装导气管直接深入到被保护层中1～2cm，导气管的另一端与气体加载装置连接；Step 102: Install the front and rear plexiglass plates with small holes on the front and rear surfaces of the frame respectively, and install steel plates on the bottom and one of the sides of the frame to form the bottom wall and a On the side wall, install the pressure air bag and the side pressure plate on the inner side of the side wall, install the conduit on the inner side of the bottom wall to the height of the simulated mining layer, select a small hole on the plexiglass plate on the rear end of the frame as the air inlet and install the guide pipe. The trachea goes directly into the protected layer for 1-2cm, and the other end of the trachea is connected to the gas loading device;
步骤103：将配比好的相似材料按着实验要求对模型进行逐层铺设，并对每一分层进行节理划分，均匀撒上云母粉，再次压实后进行下一层的铺设，框架上与安装有压力气囊和侧压板的侧面相对的另一侧面用宽度为10cm的槽钢随着模型的铺设逐层安装至框架的顶部；当模型铺设至保护层高度位置时，根据模拟保护层的厚度选用合适的承压柔性气囊，并对承压柔性气囊进行充气，达到设计的模拟回采层高度；当模型铺设至被保护层高度位置时，在被保护层中铺设压力盒和光纤光栅传感器，并将数据线通过框架后端面的有机玻璃板上相应的小孔输出连接计算机、光纤光栅传感调节仪和数据采集计算机，同时在框架前端面的有机玻璃板上选择小孔作为测量孔与电子气体流量计连接，最后直至模型铺设完毕；Step 103: Lay the model layer by layer according to the experimental requirements with similar materials in a good proportion, and divide each layer into joints, sprinkle mica powder evenly, compact it again, and then lay the next layer. The other side opposite to the side where the pressure bladder and the side pressure plate are installed is installed to the top of the frame layer by layer with channel steel with a width of 10cm as the model is laid; when the model is laid to the height of the protective layer, according to the simulated protective layer The thickness of the appropriate pressure-bearing flexible airbag is selected, and the pressure-bearing flexible airbag is inflated to reach the designed simulated mining layer height; when the model is laid to the height of the protected layer, a pressure box and a fiber grating sensor are laid in the protected layer. Connect the data line to the computer, the fiber grating sensor regulator and the data acquisition computer through the corresponding small holes on the plexiglass plate on the rear side of the frame. The gas flow meter is connected, and finally until the model is laid;
步骤104：待模型达到一定的稳定程度后，将所述槽钢相间隔的卸掉，使模型晾干，之后在有所述槽钢的一侧安装整块钢板形成煤岩体密封箱体的另一侧壁，最后将安装好上压板和油压缸的顶部钢板盖上，并进行煤岩体密封箱体的密封；Step 104: After the model reaches a certain degree of stability, remove the channel steel at intervals to allow the model to dry, and then install a whole piece of steel plate on the side with the channel steel to form a coal-rock mass sealed box. On the other side wall, finally cover the top steel plate on which the upper platen and the hydraulic cylinder are installed, and seal the coal and rock mass sealing box;
步骤105：将围压加载装置通过煤岩体密封箱体的进气口与所述压力气囊连接，将轴压加载装置与所述油压缸连接；Step 105: connecting the confining pressure loading device to the pressure airbag through the air inlet of the coal-rock mass sealing box, and connecting the axial pressure loading device to the hydraulic cylinder;
步骤2、通过围压加载装置和轴压加载装置给模型施加相应的围压和轴压来模拟真实受力环境；Step 2. Apply corresponding confining pressure and axial pressure to the model through the confining pressure loading device and the axial pressure loading device to simulate the real stress environment;
步骤3、对被保护层的煤岩体渗透特性进行测试：对模拟回采层中的承压柔性气囊按照回采方向进行逐一泄气，两相邻承压柔性气囊之间的隔板会随着承压柔性气囊的依次卸压而向开采方向发生倾倒，并通过气体加载装置对被保护层进行气体加载，并随着保护层的开采逐一打开测量孔，待电子气体流量计数值稳定后开始记录数据，同时通过计算机、数据采集计算机对应力、应变数据进行采集；Step 3. Test the permeability characteristics of the coal and rock mass in the protected layer: the pressure-bearing flexible airbags in the simulated mining layer are deflated one by one according to the mining direction, and the partition between two adjacent pressure-bearing flexible airbags will follow the pressure bearing. The flexible airbags are depressurized in sequence and dumped in the mining direction, and the protected layer is loaded with gas through the gas loading device, and the measurement holes are opened one by one as the protective layer is mined. At the same time, the stress and strain data are collected by computer and data acquisition computer;
步骤4：保护层开采完毕，即承压柔性气囊全部卸压后，对数据进行归纳、处理；并根据瓦斯流出被保护层的流量计算煤岩体的渗透性。Step 4: After the protection layer is mined, that is, after the pressure-bearing flexible airbags are all relieved, the data is summarized and processed; and the permeability of the coal rock mass is calculated according to the flow of gas flowing out of the protected layer.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、所述保护层分为待回采的中心回采区域和边界保护区域，所述中心回采区域内设有模拟回采层，用于模拟回采过程，所述边界保护区域对所述中心回采区域实行保护，使得保护层回采过程中，回采面四周均受到保护边界约束，更加真实的模拟出了保护层回采过程中其四周的受力条件，使得应变应力、渗透率测量结果更加接近实际；1. The protection layer is divided into the central mining area to be mined and the boundary protection area. The central mining area is provided with a simulated mining layer for simulating the mining process, and the boundary protection area protects the central mining area. , so that during the mining process of the protective layer, the surrounding surface of the mining face is constrained by the protection boundary, which more realistically simulates the stress conditions around the protective layer during the mining process, and makes the measurement results of strain stress and permeability closer to reality;
2、所述模拟回采层包括沿着回采方向依次放置的多个承压柔性气囊，可模拟上保护层开采、下保护层开采和多煤层开采过程中固气耦合特征；所述多个承压柔性气囊用一矩形框体围起，相邻两所述承压柔性气囊之间用隔板间隔定位，且所述煤岩体密封箱体的底壁内侧安装有导管连通外界与所述模拟回采层，所述隔板与所述矩形框体共同保证了模拟回采过程中承压柔性气囊的形状稳定性；所述导管实现对所述承压柔性气囊填充或排泄气体、水等介质的控制，在对保护层回采过程中按照时间相似比沿着回采方向将每个承压柔性气囊依次通过所述导管泄气或排水以达到模拟回采效果，因此解决了在有边界保护区域存在时对模拟回采过程的控制；2. The simulated mining layer includes a plurality of pressure-bearing flexible airbags placed in sequence along the mining direction, which can simulate the solid-gas coupling characteristics during the mining of the upper protective layer, the mining of the lower protective layer and the mining of multiple coal seams; The flexible airbag is surrounded by a rectangular frame, and the adjacent two pressure-bearing flexible airbags are spaced by partitions, and the inner side of the bottom wall of the coal and rock mass sealing box is equipped with a conduit to communicate with the outside world and the simulated mining. The partition plate and the rectangular frame together ensure the shape stability of the pressure-bearing flexible airbag during the simulated recovery process; the conduit realizes the control of the pressure-bearing flexible airbag filling or discharging gas, water and other media, During the recovery process of the protective layer, each pressure-bearing flexible airbag is degassed or drained through the conduit in turn according to the time similarity ratio along the recovery direction to achieve the simulated recovery effect. Therefore, the simulated recovery process is solved when there is a boundary protection area. control;
3、所述光纤光栅传感调节仪发出的光信号传输至所述光纤光栅传感器，经过所述光纤光栅传感器处理后，符合反射条件的光被反射，反射光被所述光纤光栅传感调节仪接收，所述光纤光栅传感调节仪对这些波长进行识别，将得到的应力传感信息传输给数据采集计算机进行处理分析，得到的应变信息更加精确。3. The optical signal emitted by the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument is transmitted to the fiber grating sensor. After being processed by the fiber grating sensor, the light that meets the reflection conditions is reflected, and the reflected light is reflected by the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument. After receiving, the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument identifies these wavelengths, and transmits the obtained stress sensing information to a data acquisition computer for processing and analysis, and the obtained strain information is more accurate.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统中煤岩体密封箱体的立体图；2 is a perspective view of a coal-rock mass sealing box in a test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure-relieving coal and rock mass provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统中恒压气体加载及流量监测系统与煤岩体密封箱体的连接结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the constant pressure gas loading and flow monitoring system and the coal and rock mass sealing box in the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统中煤岩体密封箱体的前、后端面上有机玻璃板上小孔布置示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of small holes on the plexiglass plates on the front and rear surfaces of the coal and rock mass sealing box in the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统中被保护层、模拟回采层布置示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the protected layer and the simulated mining layer in the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统中被保护层中光纤光栅传感器布置示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fiber grating sensor in the protected layer in the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of pressure relief coal and rock mass provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
本实施例中：1-被保护层，2-保护层，3-油压缸，4-上压板，5-侧压板，6-框架，7-承压柔性气囊，8-油压泵，9-油压罐，10-高压钢管，11-高压瓦斯瓶，12-压力表，13-底座，14-导管，15-压力气囊，16-高压充气瓶，17-隔板，18-电子气体流量计，19-压力盒，20-小孔，21-有机玻璃板，22-光纤，23-光纤光栅传感器，24-中心回采区域，25-边界保护区域，26-回采方向，30-煤岩体密封箱体。In this embodiment: 1-protected layer, 2-protective layer, 3-hydraulic cylinder, 4-upper pressure plate, 5-side pressure plate, 6-frame, 7-pressure-bearing flexible airbag, 8-hydraulic pump, 9- -Oil pressure tank, 10-high pressure steel pipe, 11-high pressure gas bottle, 12-pressure gauge, 13-base, 14-conduit, 15-pressure bladder, 16-high pressure gas bottle, 17-partition, 18-electronic gas flow Gauge, 19-pressure box, 20-small hole, 21-plexiglass plate, 22-fiber, 23-fiber grating sensor, 24-center mining area, 25-boundary protection area, 26-mining direction, 30-coal rock mass Seal the box.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
参考图1，本发明提供的一种三维模拟卸压煤岩体的渗透特性测试系统，包括煤岩体密封箱体30、轴压加载装置、围压加载装置、恒压气体加载及流量监测系统、应力监测系统和应变监测系统。所述煤岩体密封箱体30包括框架6和底座13，所述框架6固定在所述底座13上，所述框架6内腔的尺寸为1700mm×1200mm×1300mm，所述框架6的前端面和后端面分别安装带有小孔20的有机玻璃板21，其余各面由钢板密封而成，即为所述煤岩体密封箱体30的左侧壁、右侧壁、底壁和顶壁，所述有机玻璃板21用柔性密封胶带与框架之间密封。Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention provides a three-dimensional simulation pressure relief coal rock mass permeability testing system, including a coal rock mass sealing box 30, an axial pressure loading device, a confining pressure loading device, a constant pressure gas loading and a flow monitoring system , stress monitoring system and strain monitoring system. The coal-rock mass sealing box 30 includes a frame 6 and a base 13 , the frame 6 is fixed on the base 13 , the size of the inner cavity of the frame 6 is 1700mm×1200mm×1300mm, and the front end surface of the frame 6 The plexiglass plate 21 with the small holes 20 is installed on the rear end surface, and the other surfaces are sealed by steel plates, that is, the left side wall, the right side wall, the bottom wall and the top wall of the coal and rock mass sealing box 30 , the plexiglass plate 21 is sealed between the frame and the flexible sealing tape.
如图1和图2所示，所述煤岩体密封箱体30的顶壁内侧安装有4组油压缸3，每组油压缸3包括前后对齐设置的2个油压缸3，共计8个油压缸3，每组油压缸3均与1片上压板4连接，共计4片上压板4，所述8个油压缸3均通过高压钢管10与所述轴压加载装置连接，所述煤岩体密封箱体30的左侧壁内侧安装有压力气囊15与一侧压板5连接，所述压力气囊15通过高压钢管10与所述围压加载装置连接，所述8个油压缸3与所述压力气囊15通过所述上压板4和侧压板5可以对煤岩体均匀施加轴压和围压，模拟不同压力条件下的应力环境。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , four groups of hydraulic cylinders 3 are installed on the inner side of the top wall of the coal-rock mass sealing box 30 . 8 hydraulic cylinders 3, each group of hydraulic cylinders 3 is connected with 1 upper pressure plate 4, a total of 4 upper pressure plates 4, the 8 hydraulic cylinders 3 are connected with the axial pressure loading device through the high-pressure steel pipe 10, so A pressure airbag 15 is installed on the inner side of the left side wall of the coal-rock mass sealing box 30 to be connected to one side pressure plate 5. The pressure airbag 15 is connected to the confining pressure loading device through a high-pressure steel pipe 10. The eight hydraulic cylinders 3. With the pressure airbag 15, the upper pressure plate 4 and the side pressure plate 5 can evenly apply axial pressure and confining pressure to the coal rock mass, simulating the stress environment under different pressure conditions.
所述轴压加载装置包括油压罐9、与所述油压罐9连接的油压泵8和设于所述油压泵8上的压力表12，所述围压加载装置包括高压充气瓶16和设于所述高压充气瓶16上的压力表12，所述压力表12实现对加载轴压、围压的压力大小的监测与控制。The axial pressure loading device includes an oil pressure tank 9, an oil pressure pump 8 connected to the oil pressure tank 9, and a pressure gauge 12 provided on the oil pressure pump 8. The confining pressure loading device includes a high-pressure air bottle 16 and the pressure gauge 12 provided on the high-pressure inflatable bottle 16, the pressure gauge 12 realizes the monitoring and control of the pressure of the loading axial pressure and the confining pressure.
如图1和图3所示，所述恒压气体加载及流量监测系统包括气体加载装置和电子气体流量计18，所述煤岩体密封箱体30内铺设有被保护层1和保护层2，为了能够真实的模拟瓦斯在煤层中的运移特征，所述气体加载装置通过高压钢管10与所述煤岩体密封箱体30的进气口连接，对所述被保护层1充气，所述气体加载装置包括高压瓦斯瓶11和设于其上的减压阀和压力表12；所述电子气体流量计18与所述密封箱体30的测量孔连接，来测量被保护层1在保护层开采条件下的渗透率。如图4所示，所述框架6的前、后端面上的所述有机玻璃板21上的小孔20对称设置，均排列为6排，每排为10个，所述进气孔为位于框架6后端面的所述有机玻璃板21上的多个小孔20，所述测量孔为位于框架6前端面的所述有机玻璃板21上与所述进气孔对应设置的多个小孔20。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the constant pressure gas loading and flow monitoring system includes a gas loading device and an electronic gas flow meter 18 , and a protected layer 1 and a protective layer 2 are laid in the coal-rock mass sealing box 30 , in order to truly simulate the characteristics of gas migration in the coal seam, the gas loading device is connected to the air inlet of the coal and rock mass sealing box 30 through the high-pressure steel pipe 10, and the protected layer 1 is inflated, so The gas loading device includes a high-pressure gas bottle 11 and a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge 12 provided thereon; the electronic gas flow meter 18 is connected to the measuring hole of the sealed box 30 to measure the protection of the protected layer 1. permeability under mining conditions. As shown in FIG. 4 , the small holes 20 on the plexiglass plate 21 on the front and rear surfaces of the frame 6 are symmetrically arranged, and are arranged in 6 rows, each row is 10, and the air inlet holes are located in A plurality of small holes 20 on the plexiglass plate 21 on the rear surface of the frame 6, and the measurement holes are a plurality of small holes corresponding to the air intake holes on the plexiglass plate 21 on the front end of the frame 6 20.
如图1和图5所示，所述保护层2分为待回采的中心回采区域24和边界保护区域25，所述中心回采区域24内设有模拟回采层，所述模拟回采层包括沿着回采方向依次规则放置的多个长度为600mm、宽度为100mm的承压柔性气囊7，所述多个承压柔性气囊7外边缘用高度为30mm的矩框体围起，本实施例中采用的是矩形木框，相邻两所述承压柔性气囊7之间用隔板17间隔定位，每一所述隔板17与所述矩形框体活动连接，所述隔板17的放置方向与回采方向垂直，所述隔板17之间的间距根据承压柔性气囊7在回采方向的边长来定，使得所述隔板17与所述承压柔性气囊7相粘接，并保证隔板17只允许沿开采方向活动，本实施例中隔板17的间距为100mm，本实施例中隔板17采用的是薄木板，且所述煤岩体密封箱体30的底壁内侧安装有导管14连通外界与所述模拟回采层，所述导管14用于实现对所述承压柔性气囊7充气、排气的控制，煤岩体模型装填过程中将所述承压柔性气囊7充气达到所述保护层2高度，在对保护层回采过程中按照时间相似比沿着回采方向将每个承压柔性气囊7依次通过所述导管14排气以达到模拟回采效果，所述两相邻承压柔性气囊7之间的隔板17会随着所述承压柔性气囊7的依次卸压而向开采方向发生倾倒，因此所述隔板17并不会对保护层开采产生影响。在其他实施例中承压柔性气囊7可以用水当作介质。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 , the protective layer 2 is divided into a central mining area 24 to be mined and a boundary protection area 25 . The central mining area 24 is provided with a simulated mining layer, and the simulated mining layer includes a A plurality of pressure-bearing flexible airbags 7 with a length of 600 mm and a width of 100 mm are regularly placed in order in the mining direction. The outer edges of the plurality of pressure-bearing flexible airbags 7 are surrounded by a rectangular frame body with a height of 30 mm. It is a rectangular wooden frame, and the space between two adjacent pressure-bearing flexible airbags 7 is positioned with a partition 17, each of the partitions 17 is movably connected to the rectangular frame, and the placement direction of the partitions 17 is related to the mining The distance between the partitions 17 is determined according to the side length of the pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7 in the mining direction, so that the partitions 17 are bonded to the pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7 and ensure that the partitions 17 It is only allowed to move along the mining direction. In this embodiment, the distance between the partitions 17 is 100 mm. In this embodiment, the partitions 17 are made of thin wood, and the inner side of the bottom wall of the coal and rock mass sealing box 30 is installed with a conduit 14. Connecting the outside world with the simulated mining layer, the conduit 14 is used to control the inflation and exhaust of the pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7. During the coal-rock model filling process, the pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7 is inflated to reach the The height of the protective layer 2, in the process of recovering the protective layer, each pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7 is exhausted through the conduit 14 in turn according to the time similarity ratio along the recovery direction to achieve the simulated recovery effect. The partitions 17 between the airbags 7 will collapse in the mining direction as the pressure-bearing flexible airbags 7 are released in sequence, so the partitions 17 will not affect the mining of the protective layer. In other embodiments, the pressure-bearing flexible airbag 7 can use water as the medium.
所述应力监测系统包括压力盒19和计算机，所述压力盒19在煤岩体模型装填过程中埋设到所述被保护层1中所选定的应力测试点上，其通过数据导线与计算机连接；所述应变监测系统包括光纤光栅传感器23、可发出光信号的光纤光栅传感调节仪和数据采集计算机，所述光纤光栅传感器23在煤岩体模型装填过程中垂直埋设在所述被保护层1中所选定的应变测试点上，如图6所示，在所述被保护层1中共布置10个应变测试点，通过保护层的开采使被保护层1内部发生应力、应变的变化，进而使埋入其中的所述光纤光栅传感器23的光纤光栅产生轴向应变，发生波长的偏移，通过波长偏移量的分析可以确定光纤光栅的受力情况。其中光纤22埋入所述被保护层1前加保护套管，主要作用可以保护光纤22，并使光纤22与所述被保护层1的接触面积增大减小试验中光纤22对材料的破坏。所述光纤光栅传感调节仪发出的光信号传输至所述光纤光栅传感器23，经过所述光纤光栅传感器23处理后，符合反射条件的光被反射，反射光被所述光纤光栅传感调节仪接收，所述光纤光栅传感调节仪对这些波长进行识别，将得到的应变传感信息传输给数据采集计算机进行处理分析。The stress monitoring system includes a pressure box 19 and a computer, the pressure box 19 is embedded in the selected stress test point in the protected layer 1 during the filling process of the coal and rock mass model, and it is connected with the computer through a data wire ; The strain monitoring system includes a fiber grating sensor 23, a fiber grating sensor regulator and a data acquisition computer that can emit light signals, and the fiber grating sensor 23 is vertically buried in the protected layer during the filling process of the coal and rock model. On the selected strain test point in 1, as shown in Figure 6, a total of 10 strain test points are arranged in the protected layer 1, and the stress and strain change inside the protected layer 1 through the mining of the protective layer, Then, the fiber grating of the fiber grating sensor 23 embedded in it produces axial strain and shifts the wavelength, and the stress condition of the fiber grating can be determined through the analysis of the wavelength shift. The optical fiber 22 is buried in the protected layer 1 with a protective sleeve, which can protect the optical fiber 22 and increase the contact area between the optical fiber 22 and the protected layer 1 to reduce the damage of the optical fiber 22 to the material in the test. . The optical signal emitted by the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument is transmitted to the fiber grating sensor 23. After being processed by the fiber grating sensor 23, the light that meets the reflection conditions is reflected, and the reflected light is reflected by the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument. After receiving, the fiber grating sensing and adjusting instrument identifies these wavelengths, and transmits the obtained strain sensing information to a data acquisition computer for processing and analysis.
所述框架6的前、后端面上的所述有机玻璃板21上的小孔20可作为所述压力盒19与所述计算机之间、所述光纤光栅传感器23与所述光纤光栅传感调节仪，数据采集计算机之间的引线通道。The small holes 20 on the plexiglass plate 21 on the front and rear surfaces of the frame 6 can be used as a sensor adjustment between the pressure box 19 and the computer, the fiber grating sensor 23 and the fiber grating sensor. The lead channel between the instrument and the data acquisition computer.
本发明还提供了一种采用上述测试系统进行煤体渗透特性测试的方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for testing the permeability characteristics of coal by adopting the above-mentioned testing system, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、铺设模型和组装三维模拟卸压煤岩体渗透特性的测试系统：Step 1. Lay the model and assemble the test system for 3D simulation of the permeability characteristics of the pressure relief coal and rock mass:
步骤101：根据待研究矿井的实际地质条件设定保护层和被保护层的高度；Step 101: Set the heights of the protective layer and the protected layer according to the actual geological conditions of the mine to be studied;
步骤102：将前、后有机玻璃板、左侧钢板和底部钢板安装在框架的前端面、后端面、左侧面和底面上，在左侧钢板内侧安装好压力气囊和侧压板，在底部钢板内侧安装导管至模拟回采层高度，在框架后端面的有机玻璃板上选择小孔作为进气孔并安装导气管直接深入到被保护层中1～2cm，导气管的另一端与气体加载装置连接；Step 102: Install the front and rear plexiglass plates, the left steel plate and the bottom steel plate on the front, rear, left and bottom surfaces of the frame, install the pressure airbag and the side pressure plate on the inner side of the left steel plate, and install the bottom steel plate on the Install the conduit on the inside to the height of the simulated recovery layer, select a small hole on the plexiglass plate on the rear end of the frame as the air inlet, and install the conduit to directly penetrate into the protected layer for 1-2 cm. The other end of the conduit is connected to the gas loading device. ;
步骤103：将配比好的相似材料按着实验要求对模型进行逐层铺设，并对每一分层进行节理划分，均匀撒上云母粉，再次压实后进行下一层的铺设，框架上与安装有压力气囊和侧压板的侧面相对的另一侧面用宽度为10cm的槽钢随着模型的铺设逐层安装至框架的顶部；当模型铺设至保护层高度位置时，根据模拟保护层的厚度选用合适的承压柔性气囊，并对承压柔性气囊进行充气，达到设计的模拟回采层高度；当模型铺设至被保护层高度位置时，在被保护层中铺设压力盒和光纤光栅传感器，并将数据线通过框架后端面的有机玻璃板上相应的小孔输出连接计算机、光纤光栅传感调节仪和数据采集计算机，同时在框架前端面的有机玻璃板上选择小孔作为测量孔与电子气体流量计连接，最后直至模型铺设完毕；Step 103: Lay the model layer by layer according to the experimental requirements with similar materials in a good proportion, and divide each layer into joints, sprinkle mica powder evenly, compact it again, and then lay the next layer. The other side opposite to the side where the pressure bladder and the side pressure plate are installed is installed to the top of the frame layer by layer with channel steel with a width of 10cm as the model is laid; when the model is laid to the height of the protective layer, according to the simulated protective layer The thickness of the appropriate pressure-bearing flexible airbag is selected, and the pressure-bearing flexible airbag is inflated to reach the designed simulated mining layer height; when the model is laid to the height of the protected layer, a pressure box and a fiber grating sensor are laid in the protected layer. Connect the data line to the computer, the fiber grating sensor regulator and the data acquisition computer through the corresponding small holes on the plexiglass plate on the rear side of the frame. The gas flow meter is connected, and finally until the model is laid;
步骤104：待模型达到一定的稳定程度后，将框架的右侧面的槽钢相间隔的卸掉，使模型晾干，之后在框架右侧面安装整块钢板，最后将安装好上压板和油压缸的顶部钢板盖上，并进行煤岩体密封箱体的密封；Step 104: After the model reaches a certain degree of stability, remove the channel steel on the right side of the frame at intervals to allow the model to dry, then install a whole steel plate on the right side of the frame, and finally install the upper pressure plate and The top of the hydraulic cylinder is covered with a steel plate, and the coal and rock mass sealing box is sealed;
步骤105：将围压加载装置通过煤岩体密封箱体的进气口与所述压力气囊连接，将轴压加载装置与所述油压缸连接；Step 105: connecting the confining pressure loading device to the pressure airbag through the air inlet of the coal-rock mass sealing box, and connecting the axial pressure loading device to the hydraulic cylinder;
步骤2、通过围压加载装置和轴压加载装置给模型施加相应的围压和轴压来模拟真实受力环境；Step 2. Apply corresponding confining pressure and axial pressure to the model through the confining pressure loading device and the axial pressure loading device to simulate the real stress environment;
步骤3、对被保护层的煤岩体渗透特性进行测试：对模拟回采层中的承压柔性气囊按照回采方向进行逐一泄气，两相邻承压柔性气囊之间的隔板会随着承压柔性气囊的依次卸压而向开采方向发生倾倒，并通过气体加载装置对被保护层进行气体加载，并随着保护层的开采逐一打开测量孔，待电子气体流量计数值稳定后开始记录数据，同时通过计算机、数据采集计算机对应力、应变数据进行采集；Step 3. Test the permeability characteristics of the coal and rock mass in the protected layer: the pressure-bearing flexible airbags in the simulated mining layer are deflated one by one according to the mining direction, and the partition between two adjacent pressure-bearing flexible airbags will follow the pressure bearing. The flexible airbags are depressurized in sequence and dumped in the mining direction, and the protected layer is loaded with gas through the gas loading device, and the measurement holes are opened one by one as the protective layer is mined. At the same time, the stress and strain data are collected by computer and data acquisition computer;
步骤4：保护层开采完毕，即承压柔性气囊全部卸压后，对数据进行归纳、处理；并根据瓦斯流出被保护层的流量计算煤岩体的渗透性。Step 4: After the protection layer is mined, that is, after the pressure-bearing flexible airbags are all relieved, the data is summarized and processed; and the permeability of the coal rock mass is calculated according to the flow of gas flowing out of the protected layer.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明权利要求所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it is still The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
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