CN107063854A - A kind of device for being used to measure the change of triaxial test body - Google Patents
A kind of device for being used to measure the change of triaxial test body Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0266—Cylindrical specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置，天平横梁的两端分别悬挂测量荷重和水气压力室，水气压力室的液仓与三轴压力室连接，气仓与气源连接。通过水气压力室内进入三轴压力室的水体重量，达到测量三轴压力室内试样的体积变化；通过天平称量水气压力室内进入三轴压力室的水体重量；通过液位管，核算天平称量的准确度、三轴压力室内试样的体积变化，避免误差，避免多次重复称量；通过保护装置，避免横梁急促大幅度摆动，保护天平的同时，保护水气压力室及三轴压力室；通过荷重传感器和电子秤，方便读取重力的变化。本发明结构简单、测量精度高、操作方便，能满足三轴试验的要求，实际测量体变的精度可达0.1cm3甚至更小。
The invention discloses a device for measuring the volume change of a triaxial test. The two ends of the balance beam are respectively suspended to measure the load and the water-air pressure chamber. source connection. The weight of the water body entering the triaxial pressure chamber through the water-air pressure chamber can measure the volume change of the sample in the triaxial pressure chamber; the weight of the water body entering the triaxial pressure chamber in the water-air pressure chamber can be weighed through the balance; the balance can be checked through the liquid level tube The accuracy of weighing and the volume change of the sample in the triaxial pressure chamber can avoid errors and repeated weighing; through the protection device, the rapid and large swing of the beam can be avoided, and the water-air pressure chamber and the triaxial pressure chamber can be protected while protecting the balance. Pressure chamber; through load cells and electronic scales, it is convenient to read the change of gravity. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high measuring precision and convenient operation, can meet the requirement of triaxial test, and the precision of actual measuring volume change can reach 0.1cm 3 or even smaller.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测量装置，具体涉及一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置。The invention relates to a measuring device, in particular to a device for measuring the body deformation of a triaxial test.
背景技术Background technique
三轴试验是进行岩土体强度和变形特性研究最常用的试验手段，基本原理是对三轴仪压力室内的圆柱形岩土试样按一定的应力路径施加围压和轴向应力，并测定不同应力状态下试样的轴向应变和体变，直至试样剪切破坏。Triaxial test is the most commonly used test method to study the strength and deformation characteristics of rock and soil. Axial strain and volume change of the specimen under different stress states until shear failure of the specimen.
对于饱和土体，体变的测量一般采用测量试样内水体体积变化的方法测量，但由于室内试验手段的限制，很多时候很难达到较理想的饱和状态，试样内常保留了一定的气体，导致三轴试验的体变曲线不连续或与真实体变产生相对较大的偏差，影响了对三轴试样体变测量的准确度。For saturated soil, the volume change is generally measured by measuring the volume change of the water body in the sample. However, due to the limitation of indoor test methods, it is often difficult to achieve an ideal saturation state, and a certain amount of gas is often retained in the sample. , resulting in the discontinuity of the volume change curve of the triaxial test or a relatively large deviation from the real volume change, which affects the accuracy of the volume change measurement of the triaxial sample.
对于非饱和土体和一般的岩体，常采用测量试样典型断面上径向半径的变化进而计算求得试样的体变，由于试样各个断面径向半径变化是不均匀的而且试样端部和试样中部径向半径变化差异较大，因此，通过测量典型断面径向变形的方法也存在缺陷，不能反映三轴试验过程中真正的体变。For unsaturated soil and general rock mass, it is often used to measure the change of the radial radius on the typical section of the sample to calculate the volume change of the sample, because the change of the radial radius of each section of the sample is uneven and the sample There is a large difference in the radial radius change between the end and the middle of the sample. Therefore, the method of measuring the radial deformation of a typical section also has defects, and cannot reflect the real volume change during the triaxial test.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、操作方便、测量精度高的用于测量三轴试验体变的装置。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring triaxial test body deformation with simple structure, convenient operation and high measurement accuracy.
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置，水气压力室的顶部设有称重装置；所述水气压力室的液仓与三轴压力室连接，气仓与气源连接；所述水气压力室的外部设有两端分别接液仓和气仓的液位管。A device for measuring the volume change of a triaxial test. A weighing device is provided on the top of the water-air pressure chamber; the liquid chamber of the water-air pressure chamber is connected to the triaxial pressure chamber, and the gas chamber is connected to an air source; The exterior of the water-air pressure chamber is provided with liquid level pipes with two ends respectively connected to the liquid chamber and the air chamber.
上述液位管带刻度。通过液位管读取水气压力室内水位的变化，进而可检验天平的称量精度，也可核算三轴压力室的体积变化，避免计算错误及误差，避免多次反复测量。The above-mentioned liquid level tube has a scale. The change of the water level in the water-air pressure chamber can be read through the liquid level tube, and then the weighing accuracy of the balance can be checked, and the volume change of the triaxial pressure chamber can also be calculated to avoid calculation errors and errors, and avoid repeated measurements.
上述称重装置为天平，天平横梁的两端分别悬挂测量荷重和水气压力室。The above-mentioned weighing device is a balance, and the two ends of the beam of the balance hang the measuring load and the water-air pressure chamber respectively.
进一步的，上述天平的顶部设有保护装置，所述保护装置为两端底部分别设有限位杆的横杆。通过限位杆限制横梁的大幅度摆动，起到保护水气压力室的作用；同时避免因横梁过大幅度的摆动，反向促动水气压力室内水气的急促流动。Further, the top of the above-mentioned balance is provided with a protection device, and the protection device is a cross bar with limit rods respectively provided at the bottom of both ends. The large swing of the crossbeam is limited by the limit rod to protect the water-air pressure chamber; at the same time, the rapid flow of water vapor in the water-air pressure chamber is prevented from reversely actuating due to the excessive swing of the crossbeam.
上述横梁设有带指针的平衡刻度盘，起到辅助鉴定衡量平衡状态的作用。The above-mentioned crossbeam is provided with a balance dial with a pointer, which plays an auxiliary role in identifying and measuring the balance state.
进一步的，上述横杆与天平横梁的平衡点连接，横杆与横梁相互平行。横杆与横梁随动，时时保持相互平行，限制了横杆急促摆动幅度的同时，增大了横杆的摆动范围，对于水气压力室较大的重量变化具有优越的操作性。Further, the crossbar is connected to the balance point of the balance beam, and the crossbar and the crossbeam are parallel to each other. The crossbar moves with the crossbeam and keeps parallel to each other at all times, which limits the rapid swing range of the crossbar and increases the swing range of the crossbar, which has excellent operability for large weight changes in the water-air pressure chamber.
进一步的，上述横杆与天平支架连接，横杆与支架相互垂直。Further, the above-mentioned cross bar is connected to the balance support, and the cross bar and the support are perpendicular to each other.
更进一步的，上述横杆上设有砝码。Furthermore, weights are provided on the cross bar.
上述测量荷重包括带砝码的砝码盘。The above-mentioned measuring load includes a weight pan with weights.
进一步的，上述砝码盘通过荷重传感器与横梁连接。Further, the above-mentioned weight plate is connected to the beam through a load sensor.
进一步的，上述砝码盘的底部设有电子秤，通过荷重传感器和电子秤，更方便的读取重力的变化。Further, an electronic scale is provided at the bottom of the above-mentioned weight plate, and the change of gravity can be read more conveniently through the load sensor and the electronic scale.
本发明的有益之处在于：本发明的一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置，通过水气压力室内进入三轴压力室的水体重量，达到测量三轴压力室内试样的体积变化；通过天平称量水气压力室内进入三轴压力室的水体重量；可通过水气压力室外的液位管，核算天平称量的准确度，核算三轴压力室内试样的体积变化，避免误差，避免多次重复称量；通过保护装置，避免横梁急促大幅度摆动，保护天平的同时，保护水气压力室及三轴压力室；通过荷重传感器和电子秤，方便读取重力的变化。The benefit of the present invention is that: a device for measuring the volume change of a triaxial test according to the present invention can measure the volume change of the sample in the triaxial pressure chamber through the weight of the water body entering the triaxial pressure chamber through the water vapor pressure chamber; Use the balance to weigh the weight of the water body entering the triaxial pressure chamber in the water-air pressure chamber; the accuracy of the balance can be checked through the liquid level tube outside the water-air pressure chamber, and the volume change of the sample in the triaxial pressure chamber can be calculated to avoid errors. Avoid repeated weighing; through the protection device, avoid the rapid and large swing of the beam, protect the balance while protecting the water-air pressure chamber and the triaxial pressure chamber; through the load cell and electronic scale, it is convenient to read the change of gravity.
本发明的一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置，结构简单，测量精度高，操作方便，能满足一般三轴试验的要求，实际测量体变的精度可达0.1cm3甚至更小，具有很强的实用性和广泛的适用性。A device for measuring volume change in a triaxial test of the present invention has simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and convenient operation, and can meet the requirements of general triaxial tests. It has strong practicability and wide applicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a device for measuring triaxial test body deformation according to the present invention.
附图中标记的含义如下：1、天平，2、横梁，3、砝码，4、砝码盘，5、荷重传感器，6、电子秤，7、大荷重盘，8、水气压力室，9、气仓，10、液仓，11、接气源，12、接三轴压力室，13、液位管，14、横杆，15、限位杆，16、支架，17、指针。The meanings of the marks in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1. Balance, 2. Beam, 3. Weight, 4. Weight plate, 5. Load sensor, 6. Electronic scale, 7. Large load plate, 8. Water and air pressure chamber, 9. Air tank, 10. Liquid tank, 11. Air source, 12. Triaxial pressure chamber, 13. Liquid level tube, 14. Cross bar, 15. Limit rod, 16. Bracket, 17. Pointer.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。The present invention will be specifically introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种用于测量三轴试验体变的装置，天平1横梁2的两端分别悬挂带砝码3的砝码盘4和水气压力室8，水气压力室8的液仓10与三轴压力室连接，气仓9与气源连接。A device for measuring the volume change of a triaxial test. The two ends of the beam 2 of the balance 1 are respectively hung with a weight plate 4 with a weight 3 and a water-air pressure chamber 8. The liquid chamber 10 of the water-air pressure chamber 8 is connected to the triaxial The pressure chamber is connected, and the gas chamber 9 is connected with the gas source.
水气压力室8的外部设有两端分别接液仓10和气仓9的带刻度液位管13。The exterior of the water vapor pressure chamber 8 is provided with a graduated liquid level tube 13 with two ends respectively connected to the liquid chamber 10 and the air chamber 9 .
天平1横梁2的平衡点设有带指针17的平衡刻度盘。The balance point of the balance 1 crossbeam 2 is provided with a balance dial with a pointer 17 .
通过增减砝码盘4内的砝码3，使得天平1横梁2保持水平状态；由砝码3的重量变化测得水气压力室8的重量变化，进而测量三轴试验体变。By increasing or decreasing the weight 3 in the weight plate 4, the beam 2 of the balance 1 is maintained in a horizontal state; the weight change of the water-air pressure chamber 8 is measured by the weight change of the weight 3, and then the triaxial test body change is measured.
可通过液位管13读取水气压力室8内水位的变化，进一步检测天平1的测量准确度，及三轴压力室的水体变化；排除及避免误差的同时，核定测量的精确度。The change of the water level in the water-air pressure chamber 8 can be read through the liquid level tube 13 to further detect the measurement accuracy of the balance 1 and the change of the water body in the triaxial pressure chamber; while eliminating and avoiding errors, the accuracy of the measurement can be verified.
实施例2Example 2
在实施例1的横梁2上设有与横梁2相互平行的横杆14，连接点为横梁2的平衡点；横杆14两端的底部分别设有限位杆15，通过限位杆15限制横梁2的大幅度摆动，保护水气压力室8。On the crossbeam 2 of embodiment 1, be provided with the crossbar 14 that is parallel to crossbeam 2 mutually, the connection point is the balance point of crossbeam 2; The substantial swing, protection water vapor pressure chamber 8.
横杆14上设有砝码3，起到平衡和载重的作用，减少砝码盘4的负重。The cross bar 14 is provided with a weight 3, which plays the role of balance and load, and reduces the load of the weight plate 4.
实施例3Example 3
在实施例1的天平1支架16顶部设有与支架16相互垂直的横杆14，横杆14两端的底部分别设有限位杆15，通过限位杆15限制横梁2的大幅度摆动，保护水气压力室8。The balance 1 support 16 top of embodiment 1 is provided with the cross bar 14 that is perpendicular to support 16 mutually, and the bottom of cross bar 14 two ends is respectively provided with limit bar 15, limits the large swing of crossbeam 2 by limit bar 15, protects water. Air pressure chamber 8.
横杆14上设有砝码3，横杆14起到砝码3架的作用。The cross bar 14 is provided with a weight 3, and the cross bar 14 plays the role of a frame for the weight 3.
实施例4Example 4
实施例1或实施例2或实施例3的砝码盘4通过荷重传感器5悬挂在横梁2下，砝码盘4的底部设有电子秤6。The weight plate 4 of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 is suspended under the beam 2 through the load cell 5 , and the bottom of the weight plate 4 is provided with an electronic scale 6 .
测量初始时，砝码3总重≥水气压力室8，保证电子秤6准确承重。At the beginning of the measurement, the total weight of the weight 3 is greater than or equal to the water-air pressure chamber 8, so as to ensure that the electronic scale 6 can bear the weight accurately.
测量水气压力室8的重量变化，可通过荷重传感器5及电子秤6读取重力的变化。To measure the weight change of the water vapor pressure chamber 8, the change of gravity can be read by the load cell 5 and the electronic scale 6.
根据实际测量需求，若量程较大，相应的水气压力室8的重量及重量变化较大；在加强天平1支撑强度的同时，可在上述荷重传感器5顶部增加大荷重盘7或通过调节横杆14上的砝码3重量调节测重及平衡。According to actual measurement requirements, if the measuring range is large, the weight and weight of the corresponding water vapor pressure chamber 8 will change greatly; while strengthening the support strength of the balance 1, a large load plate 7 can be added on the top of the load sensor 5 or by adjusting the horizontal The weight 3 on the bar 14 adjusts weighing and balance.
根据使用场所，天平1底部可增设滑轮，增加可移动性，保护移动中的上述装置。According to the place of use, a pulley can be added to the bottom of the balance 1 to increase mobility and protect the above-mentioned devices in motion.
简易操作，在保证称量精度的情况下，称重装置可选用可悬挂的电子称、挂称等。Easy to operate, in the case of ensuring the weighing accuracy, the weighing device can choose electronic scales, hanging scales, etc. that can be hung.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108072571A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-05-25 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of device for being used to measure the change of rock-soil triaxial tests ectosome |
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| CN108106940A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-01 | 华侨大学 | A kind of triaxial tests instrument test specimen apparatus for measuring quality |
| CN108072571A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-05-25 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of device for being used to measure the change of rock-soil triaxial tests ectosome |
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|---|---|
| CN107063854B (en) | 2019-12-20 |
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