CN107048349B - A kind of compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of morchella nigra polysaccharide liquid, 3-6 parts of morchella conica polysaccharide liquid, 3-5 parts of dextrin and 2-4 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide; the slurry prepared by mixing in the preparation is dried by vacuum-volume-ratio operation after being sterilized; the compound morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule product has biological activities of oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, immunoregulation, fatigue resistance and the like; the granule is nutritious and health food, and contains protein, amino acids, etc.

Description

A kind of compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule

technical field

The invention relates to the biological fermentation of higher fungi and the processing of health food, mainly relates to compound granules of Morchella niger mycelium polysaccharide and Morchella cusps polysaccharide, and belongs to the field of food and health food.

Background technique

Polysaccharides in animals, plants and fungi often have some special functions, which is an important field of modern functional food research. Among them, the efficacy of fungal polysaccharides is particularly significant, such as the well-known lentinan. One source of fungal polysaccharides is the extraction of fruiting bodies, which consumes a lot of edible fungi. Another better method is to extract from mycelium, which is more economical and efficient, but not every edible mushroom can cultivate its mycelium. body.

Morel is a wild and precious edible and medicinal fungus, rich in nutrients, rich in protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, amino acids and various minerals, as well as rich in fatty acids. It has a delicious flavor and is deeply loved by people. Studies have reported that Morchella has the functions of lowering blood lipids, regulating immunity, anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, and anti-tumor. Due to the limitation of morel cultivation technology, the wild resources of morel are limited, which makes the price of morel remain high. Studies have shown that the nutrient composition of the morel mycelium of liquid fermentation culture is similar to the fruiting body, so, the large-scale production mycelium of liquid fermentation can be made into different morel mushroom products to meet people's requirements for the health effect of morel mushrooms. craving.

Morel polysaccharides have biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-fatigue, and enhancement of body functions. Therefore, the extraction of polysaccharides from Morel has attracted the attention of scholars. The conventional method is mostly solvent extraction of polysaccharides, and the polysaccharides extracted by this method will have solvent residues, thus affecting the quality and food safety of polysaccharides.

Granules are the physical form of a product, and granules are often used in the production of some foods, health foods and medicines. In terms of production technology, various materials are usually mixed, mixed into semi-dry materials, added to a rocking extruder granulator for extrusion and granulation, and then the wet granules are dried. The product obtained by the method has compact granules and is difficult to dissolve when dissolved in water, and is more difficult to dissolve when the raw material contains macromolecular colloidal substances such as polysaccharides or proteins.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned prior art defects and provide a kind of industrialized production that can be carried out on a large scale, and can produce the higher Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules of utility with lower cost; The mycelium of Morchella niger and Morchella cuspion cultivated by liquid fermentation technology both grow vigorously and have high yield. If the two types of Morchella polysaccharides are combined and proportioned, the physiological activity of the two strains of polysaccharides can be better exerted. The colloid mill homogenization method is used to improve the dissolution rate of mycelium polysaccharide, which solves the problem of solvent extraction of polysaccharide solvent residues. At the same time, other nutrients in the mycelium are fully utilized to produce nutrient-rich granules. Using vacuum to operate the slurry by pulling the specific volume, many pores are generated inside the obtained particles, and the specific volume is reduced, which is conducive to the rapid penetration of water during dissolution to promote dissolution and facilitate eating.

The compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules of the present invention are prepared from the following compositions in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of morel black vein polysaccharide liquid, 3-6 parts of cusp morel polysaccharide liquid, 3-5 parts of dextrin parts, 2-4 parts of fructooligosaccharides; in terms of production technology, vacuum is used to dry the slurry by the pull-specific volume operation, and many pores are generated inside the obtained particles, and the specific volume is reduced. Easy to eat.

Among them, the polysaccharide liquid of Morchella nigra and the polysaccharide liquid of Morchella spire are respectively activated by the strains of Morchella nigra and Morchella spiky, and the mycelium is obtained by liquid submerged fermentation; the mycelium is washed, colloidal Produced by grinding.

The present invention is achieved through the following steps:

(1) Preparation of liquid submerged fermentation medium: wheat bran 30g/L-50g/L, soluble starch 15g/L-25 g/L, soybean flour 8g/L-12 g/L, sucrose 8g/L-12 g/L L, in which the wheat bran is boiled with a certain amount of distilled water, filtered to obtain the wheat bran juice, add soluble starch, soybean powder, sucrose to the wheat bran juice, mix, make up the amount of water, stir evenly, and divide into 250mL conical bottles. 160mL, sterilized at 121℃ for 30min;

(2) Activation of strains: inoculate the preserved Morchella sp. strains and Morchella cuspidatum strains in PDA culture medium respectively, and cultivate for 3-5 days in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C, for subsequent use;

(3) Fermentation culture: inoculate the activated strains into the liquid submerged fermentation medium, and cultivate for 4d-12d at a fermentation temperature of 21℃-29℃ and a fermentation speed of 150r/min-180r/min;

(4) Fermentation liquid treatment: take the fermentation liquid obtained in step (3), filter with two layers of gauze, wash the mycelium repeatedly with distilled water for 3-5 times, and use a colloid mill to homogenize the mycelium to obtain a mycelium slurry, That is, the black vein Morchella polysaccharide liquid and the peak Morchella polysaccharide liquid;

(5) Preparation of Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules: in parts by weight, take 2-5 parts of Morchella nigra polysaccharide liquid, 3-6 parts of Morchella cusps polysaccharide liquid, and 3-5 parts of dextrin , 2-4 parts of fructooligosaccharides, mix to get a slurry, mix the slurry evenly and heat it to 80-90 ℃ for 3-5 minutes to sterilize, cool to room temperature, fully stir and mix with air, put it on a plate, and put it in a vacuum drying box Vacuuming at 55-65 ℃ for 4-6 minutes to make it generate bubbles and evaporate part of the water, increase the viscosity of the slurry, release the vacuum, stir the slurry again to mix in air, and then put it in a drying box at 55-65 ℃ Vacuum drying is carried out, the slurry is expanded again to form an internal porous structure and the drying is completed, and after drying, it is pulverized and packaged to obtain compound morel mycelium polysaccharide granules.

In the present invention, the strain of Morchella nigra and the strain of Morchella spire are conventional commercially available strains.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) adopt the method of the present invention, make the morel mycelium polysaccharide product can be industrialized production, develop and improve the utilization value of the morel mycelium;

(2) Using colloid mill to homogenize, the polysaccharide in mycelium cells is fully released, and the biological effect is more significant;

(3) The research of the present invention shows that the artificial culture biomass (yield) of the mycelium of Morchella spire and Morchella niger is higher than the Morchella of other species, and therefore has industrialized development value;

(4) Combining the two kinds of Morchella so that the polysaccharide component in the polysaccharide product is more, the content is higher, and the effect is better; the research of the present invention proves that the polysaccharide of different molecular weights is contained in the spiky Morchella mycelium. The molecular weight of two kinds of pure polysaccharides PA-1 and PA-2 with higher content was determined by gel filtration method, the molecular weight of PA-1 was 24.38KD, and the molecular weight of PA-2 was 87.03KD; The two polysaccharides with higher content, PB-1 and PB-2, were determined by gel filtration to have a molecular weight of 13.00KD for PB-1 and a molecular weight of 39.54KD for PB-2. Monosaccharide composition of four pure polysaccharides -1 and PB-2; the determination results show that: PA-1 contains 6 kinds of monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, galactose, xylan, arabinose, fucose, etc. PA-1 2 Contains 7 kinds of monosaccharides such as mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, fucose, etc. PB-1 and PB-2 both contain mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, rock The five monosaccharides of algalose;

(5) Polysaccharide products contain not only morel polysaccharides with various components, but also nutrients such as protein and amino acids, which are nutritious foods with health care functions;

(6) Using vacuum to carry out the specific volume operation of the slurry, many pores are generated inside the obtained particles, and the specific volume is reduced, which is conducive to the rapid penetration of water during dissolution to promote dissolution and facilitate eating;

The compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule product of the present invention has biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-fatigue, etc.; because it contains other substances such as protein and amino acid, the nutrition of the granule is enriched, and it is a kind of nutritional Healthy food.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the HPLC measuring collection of illustrative plates of polysaccharide PA-1 in Morchella cusps;

Fig. 2 is the HPLC measuring collection of illustrative plates of polysaccharide PA-2 in Morchella cusps;

Fig. 3 is the HPLC measuring collection of illustrative plates of polysaccharide PB-1 in Morchella niger;

Fig. 4 is the HPLC determination pattern of polysaccharide PB-2 in Morchella niger.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below to further illustrate the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content.

Example 1: The compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules were prepared from the following compositions: 2 g of morel black vein polysaccharide liquid, 3 g of cusp morel polysaccharide liquid, 3 g of dextrin, and 2 g of fructooligosaccharides.

(1) Preparation of liquid submerged fermentation medium: wheat bran 30g, soluble starch 15g, soybean flour 8g, sucrose 8g; 30g of wheat bran was boiled with 500mL of distilled water, filtered to obtain wheat bran juice, and soluble starch was added to the wheat bran juice , soybean powder, sucrose, mix, make up the amount of water to 1000mL, stir evenly, divide into 250mL conical flasks, and sterilize at 121°C for 30min;

(2) Activation of strains: the preserved strains of Morchella nigra and Morchella cusps were inoculated into PDA medium respectively, and cultivated in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for 3 days, for subsequent use;

(3) Fermentation culture: Inoculate the activated two strains in the liquid submerged fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions of Morchella niger are: fermentation temperature 23°C, fermentation speed 160r/min, culture 8d, pH7 The fermentation conditions of Morchella cusps are: fermentation temperature 23 ℃, fermentation speed 180r/min, culture 12d, pH9;

(4) Fermentation liquid treatment: take the fermentation liquid obtained in step (3), filter with two layers of gauze, repeatedly wash the mycelium with distilled water 3 times, and use a colloid mill to homogenize the mycelium to obtain a mycelium polysaccharide liquid;

(5) Preparation of compound morel mycelium polysaccharide granules: take 2 g of morel black vein polysaccharide solution, 3 g of morel cusp polysaccharide solution, 3 g of dextrin, and 2 g of fructooligosaccharides, mix well and heat Sterilize at 80°C for 3 minutes, cool to room temperature, fully stir and mix with air, put on a plate, put it in a vacuum drying box and vacuumize at 60°C for 5 minutes to generate air bubbles and evaporate part of the water, increase the viscosity of the slurry, and release the vacuum , the slurry is stirred and mixed with air again, and then placed in a drying box for vacuum drying at 60 ° C. The slurry is expanded again to form an internal porous structure and complete drying. After drying, pulverize and package to obtain compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide. Granule products. It was determined that the polysaccharide contained in every 100g of the product was 227mg.

Embodiment 2: The compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules are prepared from the following compositions: 5g of morel black vein polysaccharide liquid, 4g of cusp morel polysaccharide liquid, 5g of dextrin, and 3g of fructooligosaccharides.

(1) Preparation of liquid submerged fermentation medium: 40 g of wheat bran, 20 g of soluble starch, 10 g of soybean flour, and 10 g of sucrose; 40 g of the weighed wheat bran was boiled with 500 mL of distilled water, filtered to obtain wheat bran juice, which was added to the wheat bran. Add soluble starch, soybean powder, and sucrose to the bran juice, mix, make up the amount of water to 1000mL, stir evenly, and divide into packages. The volume of liquid in a 250mL conical flask is 160mL, and sterilized at 121°C for 30min;

(2) Activation of strains: the preserved strains of Morchella nigra and the strains of Morchella spire were respectively inoculated into PDA medium, and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C for 4 days, for subsequent use;

(3) Fermentation culture: inoculate the activated strains in the liquid submerged fermentation medium, and the fermentation conditions of Morchella niger are: fermentation temperature 27°C, fermentation speed 180r/min, culture 8d, pH9; The fermentation conditions of belly bacteria are: fermentation temperature 23 ℃, fermentation rotating speed 180r/min, culture 10d, pH8;

(4) Fermentation liquid treatment: take the fermentation liquid obtained in step (3), filter with two layers of gauze, repeatedly wash the mycelium with distilled water for 4 times, and homogenize the mycelium with a colloid mill to obtain a mycelium polysaccharide liquid;

(5) Preparation of compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules: by weight, take 4 g of Morchella nigra polysaccharide solution, 4 g of Morchella cusps polysaccharide solution, 5 g of dextrin, and 3 g of fructooligosaccharides, mix well and Heating to 85°C for 4 minutes for sterilization, cooling to room temperature, fully stirring and mixing with air, placing on a plate, placing it in a vacuum drying oven at 55°C and vacuuming for 4 minutes to generate air bubbles and evaporate part of the water, increase the viscosity of the slurry, remove the Vacuum, stir the slurry again and mix it with air, then put it into a drying box and carry out vacuum drying at 55 ° C. The slurry expands again to form an internal porous structure and completes drying. After drying, it is pulverized and packaged to obtain compound Morchella mycelium. Polysaccharide granules product. It was determined that the polysaccharide contained in every 100g of the product was 192mg.

Embodiment 3: The compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules are prepared from the following compositions: 3g of morel black vein polysaccharide liquid, 6g of cusp morel polysaccharide liquid, 4g of dextrin, and 4g of fructooligosaccharides.

(1) Preparation of liquid submerged fermentation medium: 50 g of wheat bran, 25 g of soluble starch, 12 g of soybean flour, and 12 g of sucrose; the weighed wheat bran was boiled with 500 mL of distilled water, filtered to obtain wheat bran juice. Add soluble starch, soybean powder and sucrose to the juice, mix, make up the water to 1000mL, stir evenly, divide into packages, 250mL conical flask with liquid volume of 160mL, sterilize at 121 ℃ for 30min;

(2) Activation of strains: inoculate the preserved Morchella sp. strains and Morchella splendens strains on PDA culture medium respectively, cultivate for 5 days in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C, and set aside for later use;

(3) Fermentation culture: inoculate the activated strains into the liquid submerged fermentation medium, wherein the fermentation conditions of Morchella niger are: fermentation temperature of 23°C, fermentation speed of 180r/min, cultured for 10 days, pH 8; The fermentation conditions of belly bacteria are: fermentation temperature 25 ℃, fermentation rotating speed 160r/min, culture 8d, pH8;

(4) Fermentation liquid treatment: take the fermentation liquid obtained in step (3), filter with two layers of gauze, wash the mycelium repeatedly with distilled water for 5 times, and homogenize the mycelium with a colloid mill to obtain a mycelium polysaccharide liquid;

(5) Preparation of compound Morchella mycelium polysaccharide granules: by weight, take 3 g of morel black vein polysaccharide liquid, 6 g of morel cusp polysaccharide liquid, 4 g of dextrin, and 4 g of fructooligosaccharides, mix well and Heating to 90°C for 5 minutes for sterilization, cooling to room temperature, fully stirring and mixing with air, placing on a plate, putting it in a vacuum drying oven at 65°C and vacuuming for 6 minutes to generate bubbles and evaporate part of the water, increase the viscosity of the slurry, and remove the Vacuum, stir the slurry again and mix it with air, then put it into a drying box and carry out vacuum drying at 65 ° C. The slurry expands again to form an internal porous structure and completes drying. After drying, it is pulverized and packaged to obtain compound Morchella mycelium. Polysaccharide granules product. It was determined that the polysaccharide contained in every 100g of the product was 208mg.

Monosaccharide composition assay method and result of Morchella polysaccharide in above-mentioned embodiment:

1. Measurement method

Derivation of monosaccharide standard product (PMP derivatization method): Weigh 10 mg of monosaccharide standard product, dissolve it in 5 mL of purified water, dilute it 10 times, and add 1 mL of 0.5mol/LPMP agent (1-phenyl-3-methyl) to it. base-5 pyrazolone), 1 mL of 0.3 mol/L NaOH solution, derivatized in a 70°C oven for 30 min, cooled to room temperature, and neutralized by adding 1 mL of 0.3 mol/L HCl solution. Then, add 3 mL of chloroform and shake, let stand, discard the chloroform phase, and then add the same volume of chloroform for repeated extraction three times until the upper aqueous phase is colorless. HPLC injection analysis.

Derivatization of the sample (PMP derivatization method): Accurately weigh 10 mg of the purified polysaccharide into an ampoule, add 2 mL of 2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid, mix well, seal the tube with an alcohol torch, and hydrolyze it in a 110 °C oven for 4 h. After taking it out, it was cooled, adjusted to neutral pH with 0.3mol/L NaOH solution, the volume was adjusted to 10mL, centrifuged at 5000r/min for 10min, and 1mL of the supernatant was taken and added with 0.5mol/LPMP agent (1-phenyl-3-methyl) 1 mL of 0.3 mol/L HCl each. Then, add 3 mL of chloroform and shake, let stand, discard the chloroform phase, and then add the same volume of chloroform for repeated extraction three times until the upper aqueous phase is colorless. HPLC injection analysis.

Chromatographic conditions: mobile phase, solvent A (15% acetonitrile + 85% phosphate buffer (0.05mol/L KH2PO4-NaOH, pH 6.9)), solvent B (40% acetonitrile + 60% phosphate buffer (0.05mol/L) L of KH2PO4-NaOH, pH 6.9)); chromatographic column, Sephax C18-H; gradient mode, 0→35min, corresponding concentration gradient of 0%→40% solvent B; flow rate, 1mL/min; detection wavelength, 250nm ; Injection volume, 20µL; Column temperature, 25°C.

The test results are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4; Figure 1 shows that the monosaccharide composition of PA-1 is mannose, glucose, galactose, xylan, arabinose, and fucose, and its composition ratio is 12.59:103.69 :13.58:12.41:10:137.76; the monosaccharide composition of PA-2 in Figure 2 is mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, fucose, and its composition ratio is 55:10: 19.6:44.7:18.2:34.2:25.3; in Figure 3, PB-1 contains five monosaccharides: mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose, and its molar ratio is 0.80: 0.20: 1.36: 0.21: 1.00 ; In Figure 4, PB-2 contains five monosaccharides of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose, and its molar ratio is 1.61: 0.45: 1.00: 0.43: 1.16.

Claims (2)

1. The compound morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of Morchella nigra polysaccharide solution, 3-6 parts of Morchella conica polysaccharide solution, 3-5 parts of dextrin and 2-4 parts of fructo-oligosaccharide, and drying by adopting a vacuum-draw proportional-volume operation in the preparation process;

the Morchella nigra polysaccharide solution and the Morchella conica polysaccharide solution are prepared by respectively activating Morchella nigra strains and Morchella conica strains, and performing liquid submerged fermentation to obtain mycelia; the mycelium is prepared by washing and homogenizing through a colloid mill, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing a liquid submerged fermentation culture medium: 30-50 g/L of wheat bran, 15-25 g/L of soluble starch, 8-12 g/L of soybean meal and 8-12 g/L of cane sugar; wherein the wheat bran is decocted with distilled water, filtered to obtain wheat bran juice, and the wheat bran juice is added with soluble starch, soybean meal and sucrose, mixed, added with water, stirred uniformly, subpackaged and sterilized;

(2) activating strains: respectively inoculating Morchella nigra strains and Morchella conica strains in a PDA plate culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature of 25 deg.C for 3-5 d;

(3) fermentation culture: inoculating the activated strain into a liquid submerged fermentation culture medium, and culturing at a fermentation temperature of 21-29 ℃ and a rotation speed of 150-180 r/min for 4-12 d;

(4) and (3) treating fermentation liquor: and (4) filtering the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3), repeatedly washing mycelia for 3-5 times by using distilled water, and homogenizing by using a colloid mill to obtain a black vein morchella polysaccharide solution and a tip morchella polysaccharide solution.

2. The compound morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum draw ratio volume operation comprises the steps of sterilizing a slurry prepared by mixing the components, fully stirring and mixing with air, dishing, putting into a vacuum drying oven, vacuumizing for 4-6 minutes at 55-65 ℃, generating bubbles and evaporating partial water, improving the viscosity of the slurry, relieving vacuum, stirring and mixing with air again, then putting into the drying oven, vacuum drying at 55-65 ℃, swelling the slurry again to form an internal porous structure, drying, crushing and packaging to obtain the compound morchella mycelium polysaccharide granule product.

Images