CN107046912A - Root-tuber crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a crop harvesting machine, in particular to a root crop harvesting machine. It includes a frame, a squeeze-type excavating device and a push-and-support type conveying and cleaning device. The squeeze-type excavating device includes a dialing wheel, a digging shovel and an angle adjustment mechanism for the digging shovel, and the digging shovel and the dialing wheel are arranged on the front of the frame. The digging shovels are arranged in pairs, each pair of digging shovels includes two digging shovels, the two digging shovels are symmetrically arranged and wedge-shaped, and a dial wheel is set above each pair of digging shovels; The conveyor chain, the hoisting chain and the conveyor chain are arranged in the middle of the frame, the hoisting chain is located above the conveyor chain, the hoisting chain is fixed on the frame, and there is a gap between the hoisting chain and the conveyor chain. The utility model realizes that the angle of the digging shovel can be adjusted, and the harvest rate of root crops is improved.

Description

root crop harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a crop harvesting machine, in particular to a root crop harvesting machine.

Background technique

Rhizome crops include potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, garlic, carrots, etc., which account for a large proportion of all crops in my country. Among them, beet is second only to sugarcane and ranks second in the sugar crops with high economic value. Its harvest is highly seasonal, labor-intensive, and takes up a lot of farming time. The lack of sugar beet harvesting machinery has seriously restricted the further development of the sugar beet industry. Harvesting operation is an important process in the sugar beet production process, and it is a key link to ensure the increase of sugar beet production and income. Harvesting machinery is an indispensable mechanical equipment for modern sugar beet agricultural production, which can greatly reduce the labor intensity of the sugar beet harvesting process, improve production efficiency, and increase farmers' income.

The patent number is ZL2012103626003, and the invention patent named "a sugar beet combine harvester" proposes a new type of sugar beet combine harvester used in conjunction with a wheeled tractor. Its power transmission is efficient and reliable, and it can complete sugar beet digging, removal Sugar beet combine harvester for soil, conveying, lifting, mobile phone. Its existing defects are: (1) the angle of the excavation disc is fixed, but in the actual excavation process, the rhizome crops are not strictly grown in parallel ridges and rows. If the angle of the excavation disc is fixed, the excavation shovel The rhizome crops will be directly cut up or missed, which greatly reduces the harvest rate of the rhizome crops. (2) its elevating device has a complex structure, and it is troublesome to repair if a fault occurs during use, which reduces the working efficiency of the harvester.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and proposes a rhizome crop harvester, which realizes the adjustable angle of the digging shovel and improves the harvest rate of the rhizome crops.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a harvester for rhizome crops, including a frame, wherein it also includes a squeeze-type excavating device and a press-support type conveying and cleaning device. The shovel angle adjustment mechanism, the digging shovel and the dial wheel are arranged on the front part of the frame, the digging shovel is set in pairs, and each pair of digging shovels includes two digging shovels, the two digging shovels are symmetrically arranged and wedge-shaped, and each pair of digging shovels A dialing wheel is arranged above the shovel; the push-support type conveying and cleaning device includes a hanging chain and a conveying chain, which are arranged in the middle of the frame, and the hanging chain is located above the conveying chain, and the hanging chain is fixed on the frame. There is a gap between the hoisting chain and the conveyor chain;

The vegetable dialing wheel is fixed on the vegetable dialing wheel shaft, and the vegetable dialing wheel shaft is hinged with the frame;

The digging shovel angle adjustment mechanism includes a pulley, a connecting rod mechanism and a threaded shaft, the threaded shaft is fixed on the frame, the threaded shaft sleeve is sleeved on the threaded shaft, the inner surface of the threaded shaft sleeve is provided with internal threads, and the outer surface of the threaded shaft is There is an external thread, and the internal thread and the external thread are engaged, the pulley is fixed on one end of the dial wheel shaft, and the pulley and the threaded bushing are connected by a link mechanism;

Including at least two pairs of digging shovels, each digging shovel is correspondingly fixed on the threaded shaft sleeve, the corresponding digging shovels in each pair of digging shovels are parallel to each other, and the parallel digging shovels are fixedly connected; the digging shovels located at both ends of the threaded shaft The shovels rotate in opposite directions and are respectively connected with the excavating angle adjustment mechanism, and the two adjacent excavating shovels rotate in opposite directions.

In the present invention, the linkage mechanism includes a pulley connecting rod, a rotating connecting rod and a double-headed ball hinge, wherein the pulley connecting rod is hinged to the pulley, the double-headed ball hinge is hinged to the threaded bushing, and the pulley connecting rod It is connected with the double-headed ball joint through a rotating connecting rod. Through the link mechanism, the rotation of the dial wheel shaft is transmitted to the threaded shaft sleeve.

The internal thread of the threaded sleeve is a two-way thread, and the two-way movement of the threaded sleeve on the threaded shaft is realized by setting the two-way thread.

It also includes a directional laying device, which is arranged at the tail of the frame and includes an inclined plate at the bottom and a switch door at the side.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The organic combination of vibration and extrusion excavation is realized by setting the angle adjustment mechanism of the excavation shovel. The excavation shovel is a spatial movement, so that the excavation shovel can do compound movements, and the excavation space can be adjusted. With the help of extrusion and vibration excavation, reducing Resistance, increase the excavation channel, prevent damage, and solve the technical difficulties such as excavation congestion, poor soil loosening effect, and easy collapse of the shovel caused by heavy soil and large root crops during work;

(2) By setting up the collection device, the three-row collection is realized, which is convenient for the collection and stacking of rhizome crops and the subsequent picking work;

(3) By setting up the pressure-assisted conveying and cleaning device, the integrated operation of conveying, cleaning and soil removal of rhizome crops is realized, which solves the problem that the existing harvester cannot be conveyed at a large inclination angle, and the conveyor chain shovel or pressure during the conveying process The blockage or jamming caused by the unreasonable parameters of the tension mechanism can be suitable for the transportation and cleaning of different sizes of rhizomes. The sugar beet is pressed and supported, and the distance between the two conveyor chains is automatically adjusted to adapt to the conveying of crops of different sizes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the A-A direction view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the back view of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of place B in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the excavating shovel angle adjustment mechanism.

In the figure: 1 directional laying device; 2 hanging chain; 3 conveying chain; 4 digging shovel; Head ball hinge rod; 605 threaded bushing; 606 threaded shaft; 7 frame; 8 threaded bushing.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the rhizome harvester of the present invention comprises a frame 7, a squeeze-type excavating device, a pressure-assisted conveying and cleaning device and a directional laying device 1, and the squeeze-type excavating device includes a dial Vegetable wheel 5, digging shovel 4 and digging shovel angle adjustment mechanism, wherein digging shovel 4 and dialing vegetable wheel 5 are arranged on the front part of frame 7, and digging shovel 4 is used for digging out rhizome crops from soil, and dialing vegetable wheel 5 is used for throwing the excavated rhizome crops to the pressure-assisted conveying and cleaning device. Digging wheel 5 is arranged on the top of digging shovel 4, and digging shovel 4 is arranged in pairs, and every pair of digging shovel comprises two digging shovels, and two digging shovels 4 are arranged symmetrically and are wedge-shaped between two digging shovels, every pair of digging shovels 4 A dial wheel 5 is set on the top. The harvester of the present invention includes at least two pairs of digging shovels 4 , including two pairs of digging shovels 4 and two dial wheels 5 in this embodiment, and the four digging shovels are respectively fixed on four threaded bushings 8 . Among the two pairs of four excavating shovels in this embodiment, the excavating shovels are parallel to each other, and the movement direction of the excavating shovels located at both ends of the threaded shaft is opposite, and the two excavating shovels are respectively connected to the angle adjustment mechanism of the excavating shovels. At the same time, the two excavating shovels parallel to each other are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and the movement directions of two adjacent excavating shovels are opposite.

The pressing and supporting type conveying and cleaning device comprises hanging chain 2 and conveying chain 3, and hanging chain 2 and conveying chain 3 are arranged on the middle part of frame 7, and hanging chain 2 is fixed on the frame 7, and hanging chain 2 is positioned at the top of conveying chain 3, The conveyor chain 3 transports the rhizome crops into the collecting device. Sprockets are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the frame 7, the conveyor chain 3 is wound on the sprockets, and the rotation of the sprockets drives the conveyor chain 3 to move, and the rhizome crops are transported from the front of the frame to the conveyor at the rear of the frame , the conveyor chain 3 is in the shape of low front and high rear. There is a certain gap between the hanging chain 2 and the conveying chain 3, and the rhizome crops are thrown between the hanging chain 2 and the conveying chain 3. The rhizome crops are pressed tightly to prevent the root crops on the conveyor chain 3 from rolling down. The pressure-assisted conveying and cleaning device realizes the integrated operation of beet conveying, cleaning and soil removal, and solves the problem of conveying that cannot be transported at a large inclination, and the blockage or blockage caused by the unreasonable parameters of the conveying chain shovel or the pressing and tightening mechanism during the conveying process. Stuck phenomenon, suitable for conveying and cleaning sugar beets of different sizes.

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the vegetable dial wheel 5 is fixed on the vegetable dial wheel shaft, and the vegetable dial wheel shaft is hinged with the frame. The dish wheel shaft is connected with the output shaft of the power unit through a chain drive or a belt drive. The power unit of the present invention is driven by ground wheels. The rotation of the vegetable dial wheel shaft drives the vegetable dial wheel 5 to rotate, thereby throwing the rhizome crops to the conveyor chain 3 at the rear.

As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the excavating shovel angle adjustment mechanism 6 includes a pulley 601 , a link mechanism and a threaded shaft 606 . The threaded shaft sleeve 605 is sleeved on the threaded shaft 606, and the threaded shaft 606 is fixedly connected with the frame. The inner surface of the threaded sleeve 605 is provided with an internal thread, and the outer surface of the threaded shaft 606 is provided with an external thread, and the internal thread and the external thread are engaged, so the threaded sleeve 605 can also move along the axial direction of the threaded shaft 606 while rotating. The pulley 601 is fixed on one end of the vegetable dial shaft. The belt wheel 601 is connected with the threaded shaft sleeve 605 by a link mechanism. When the dial shaft rotates, the belt wheel 601 rotates and drives the threaded shaft sleeve 605 to rotate by the linkage mechanism. While the threaded sleeve 605 rotates along the threaded rod 606, it also realizes the axial movement along the threaded rod 606, and realizes the relative movement between the two pairs of excavating shovels.

The linkage mechanism includes a pulley link 602, a rotating link 603 and a double-headed ball hinge 604, wherein the pulley link 602 is hinged with the pulley 601, and the double-headed ball hinge 604 is hinged with the threaded shaft sleeve 605. The wheel connecting rod 602 is connected with the double-headed ball hinge rod 604 through a rotating connecting rod 603 . Through the link mechanism, the rotation of the dial wheel shaft is transmitted to the threaded shaft sleeve.

When the threaded bushing 605 moves under the drive of the connecting rod mechanism, the threaded bushing 605 makes a helical movement along the threaded rod 606, and drives the excavating shovel to make a spatial movement along the direction of the threaded line of the threaded rod, that is, a compound movement of horizontal and vertical , can realize the relative or backward movement of the two shovels and the up and down vibration of the excavating shovel, and under the traction of power, the excavating shovel can squeeze and vibrate the excavated soil.

The angle adjustment mechanism of the excavating shovel not only realizes the up and down vibration of the excavating shovel, but also realizes the relative movement between the excavating shovels, and completes the spatial movement combination of vibration excavation and extrusion excavation. It solves the technical difficulties such as excavation congestion, poor soil loosening effect, and easy shovel collapse caused by heavy soil and large sugar beet during work, and realizes the organic combination of vibration and extrusion excavation, that is, the vibration of up and down, the relative movement of two shovels sports.

The internal thread in the threaded sleeve is a two-way thread, and the double thread is set to realize the reciprocating movement of the excavating shovel along the threaded shaft. The threaded shaft can be provided with two fixedly connected threaded shafts, or a longer threaded shaft.

Orientation laying device 1 is arranged on the afterbody of frame 7, is used for collecting and stacking rhizome crops. The directional laying device 1 includes an inclined plate at the bottom and a switch door at the side. This embodiment adopts two rows of harvesting, and the harvester enters the two rows of rhizome crops harvested into the directional laying device 1 during the harvesting process. , Due to the inclination angle of the inclined plate, the rhizome crops are stacked on one side of the harvester. After one harvest is completed and turned 180°, repeat the previous work to achieve three rows of gathering, which is convenient for subsequent picking. The directional laying device can realize the backward and lateral laying of excavated root crops. According to the requirements of convenient harvesting and picking, three formed root crops can be laid in one working area, which is conducive to later picking.

This embodiment also includes a seeker device and a control device. The seeker device is arranged at the front end of the frame, including left and right seeker rods, a return spring and a reversing valve. The control device is connected with the seeker device and the angle adjustment device of the excavating shovel respectively. . By setting the line-seeking setting, the outline of the rhizome crops can be detected, and the detected signal can be transmitted to the control device, and the digging shovel angle adjustment device can adjust the angle of the digging shovel according to the signal of the control device to prevent the digging shovel from Damage or undercutting of rhizome crops.

The working process of the present invention is as follows: during the working process of the harvester, according to the profile of the rhizome crops detected by the line-seeking device, the digging shovel angle adjustment device adjusts the digging angle of the digging shovel at any time to dig the root crops out of the soil. out, the dial wheel throws the rhizome crops to the conveyor chain 3, and under the joint action of the suspension chain 2 and the conveyor chain 3, the rhizome crops are transported to the collection device 1 and stacked on the ground for subsequent pick-up work.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of root-tuber crop harvester, including frame (7), it is characterised in that：Also include extruding and shocking type excavating gear and pressure Formula transferring cleaning device is helped, extruding and shocking type excavating gear includes dialling dish wheel (5), digger blade (4) and digger blade angle-adjusting mechanism, institute State digger blade (4) and dial the front portion that dish wheel is arranged on frame, digger blade (4) is is arranged in pairs, and each pair digger blade (4) includes two Digger blade, two digger blades are symmetrical arranged and wedge shaped, and the top of each pair digger blade sets one to dial dish wheel (5)；

Pressure helps formula transferring cleaning device to include chain sling (2) and carrier chain (3), and chain sling (2) and carrier chain (3) are arranged in frame Portion, chain sling is located at the top of carrier chain (3), and chain sling (2) is fixed in frame, between existing between chain sling (2) and carrier chain (3) Gap；

Described group of dish wheel (5), which is fixed on, dials on dish wheel shaft, dials dish wheel shaft and is hinged with frame；

The digger blade angle-adjusting mechanism (6) includes belt wheel (601), linkage and thread spindle (606), thread spindle (606) It is fixed in frame, threaded sleeve (8) is enclosed on thread spindle (606), the inner surface of threaded sleeve (605) is provided with internal thread, spiral shell The outer surface of line axle (606) is provided with external screw thread, and internal thread and external screw thread engagement, and belt wheel (601), which is fixed on, dials the one of dish wheel shaft End, is connected between belt wheel (601) and threaded sleeve (605) by linkage；

Including at least two pairs digger blades (4), each digger blade (4) is corresponding to be fixed on threaded sleeve (8), in each pair of digger blade It is parallel to each other, is fixedly connected between the digger blade being parallel to each other between corresponding digger blade；Digging positioned at thread spindle (606) two ends Dig scraper dynamic in opposite direction, and be connected respectively with excavating angle-adjusting mechanism (6), the rotation direction of adjacent two digger blade is opposite.

2. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The linkage connects including belt wheel Bar (602), pivot link (603) and double end ball pivot bar (604), wherein belt wheel connecting rod (602) are hinged with belt wheel (601), double end Ball pivot bar (604) is hinged with threaded sleeve (605), and pivot link is passed through between belt wheel connecting rod (602) and double end ball pivot bar (604) (603) connect.

3. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The internal thread of the thread bush is double To screw thread.

4. root-tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include oriented-laying device, it is fixed The afterbody of frame (7), including the hang plate positioned at bottom and the switch gate positioned at side are arranged on to laying device.