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CN107032772B - 一种透光陶瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种透光陶瓷砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107032772B
CN107032772B CN201710218277.5A CN201710218277A CN107032772B CN 107032772 B CN107032772 B CN 107032772B CN 201710218277 A CN201710218277 A CN 201710218277A CN 107032772 B CN107032772 B CN 107032772B
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赵光岩
柯善军
屈彬
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GUANGXI OUSHENNUO CERAMIC Co.,Ltd.
Foshan Oceano Ceramics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种透光陶瓷砖,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的化学成分如下:52~62%的SiO2、20~26%的Al2O3、0~0.1%的Fe2O3、0~0.2%的TiO2、5~10%的CaO、0~1%的MgO、0.8~2.6%的K2O、4~7%的Na2O、0~2%的BaO、0.3~0.8%的ZnO和5~10%的烧失。本发明以钠沸石为陶瓷砖砖体坯料的主体原材料,配合部分熔融石英,使用熔块和长石作为溶剂,使用高白球土和膨润土作为粘结剂来实现优异的成型性能,以解决目前透光陶瓷砖可塑性差,成型难的问题。本发明所制备得的透光陶瓷砖的透光率高、体密度小至可达2.15g/cm3,白度大于66度,满足使用要求,同时其应用范围广,可分别应用于瓷质有釉砖和通体砖。

Description

一种透光陶瓷砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷材料领域,特别涉及一种透光陶瓷砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷砖作为一种建筑装饰材料具有耐磨防水和表面图案美观等特性,深受人们的喜爱,广泛应用于家庭装饰、办公场所的装饰和商业场所的装饰。但是,普通陶瓷砖生产所使用的原料比较粗犷,原料从矿山开采出经过破碎后直接使用,材料中杂质比较多,造成烧成后陶瓷体内杂质和微小气孔多,杂质会对光进行吸收和散射,微小气孔特别是气孔直径和可见光波长接近时对光的散射作用最强烈(普通玻化陶瓷砖坯的气孔一般在0~30μm),因此普通陶瓷砖一般不具有透光性。随着人们需求和市场的发展,人们对陶瓷砖的功能不断提出新的要求。为了满足市场的需求,提高陶瓷砖的装饰效果,具有一定透光性的陶瓷砖(以下称透光砖)可以在灯光的作用下产生通透和变幻的效果已经成为各大陶瓷厂行家研发的热点。
目前,也有一些厂家研制出来透光陶瓷砖的配方,这些配方在透光性方面都有不错表现,但是这些配方有的存在粉料可塑性差,坯体成型难和生坯强度低,有的透光陶瓷配方氧化铝含量低造成配方高温强度低,坯体在烧成时容易变形,因此,到目前为止国内没有陶瓷厂家使用自己研发的透光陶瓷砖配方进行批量生产。专利号为CN104478419A公开了一种高白透光陶瓷砖及其生产方法,配方中嵴性原料石英、熔块和长石的比例高达90%以上,造成粉料可塑性低,成型难度大;专利号为CN105777089A公开的一种透光砖及其制备方法中透光坯体配方的氧化铝含量在10%~14%,氧化铝含量低会造成坯体高温强度低,容易变形。上述透光陶瓷砖配方到目前为止都没有批量生产,因此,现有技术有待改进,需要探索一种易成型、高温强度好的坯体配方来制备透光陶瓷砖。
针对目前国内建筑陶瓷透光配方存在难成型和烧成时坯体容易变形的现状,我们在配方中添加沸石粉、球土和膨润土,使得陶瓷粉料的成型性有了很大提高,解决了透光陶瓷粉料成型难问题。同时,我们开发的透光陶瓷配方中氧化铝含量超过20%,提高了坯体的高温强度,减小坯体在烧成时变形度,提高透光陶瓷坯体烧成后砖面的平整度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种透光砖及其制备方法,旨在解决透光陶瓷砖砖体成型难度大和烧成后容易变形的问题。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种透光陶瓷砖,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的化学成分如下:52~62%的SiO2、20~26%的Al2O3、0~0.1%的Fe2O3、0~0.2%的TiO2、5~10%的CaO、0~1%的MgO、0.8~2.6%的K2O、4~7%的Na2O、0~2%的BaO、0.3~0.8%的ZnO和5~10%的烧失。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的原料组分如下:9~25%的熔融石英、18~28%的钠沸石、30~42%的熔块、0.5~5%的硅灰石、8~16%的球土、6~18%的长石、1~5%的膨润土、0~3%的碳酸钡、0.2~1%的球磨添加剂。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述球磨添加剂由按砖体坯料原料组分重量百分比计的0.1~0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和0.1~0.5%的三聚磷酸钠组成。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述钠沸石选用具有多孔网状结构的钠沸石。
具体地,本发明在透光陶瓷砖坯料的研发中,引入应用在PVC行业中的稳定剂钠沸石作为透光陶瓷砖的主要原料,利用钠沸石的网状多孔结构和其中氧化铝含量高的特点以解决透光陶瓷砖不易成型和烧成变形的问题。
钠沸石具有多孔的网状结构和颗粒小的特点,有利于增强透光陶瓷砖砖体的可塑性;同时,钠沸石中的氧化钠含量超过17%,有利于提高了透光陶瓷砖砖体烧成后玻璃相的含量,提高透光陶瓷砖的透明度。另外本发明中的钠沸石采用人工合成的方法制得,原料里面的杂质少,有利于减少杂质对光的吸收作用,提高砖体烧成后的透光度,同时杂质少也有利于增加透光陶瓷砖砖体的白度。再者,本发明使用的钠沸石中氧化铝含量在28%以上,结合多孔网状的疏松结构使得钠沸石的耐火度在1400℃,有利于提高砖体的耐火度。在坯料配方中通过控制熔融石英、高温熔块和长石的含量,提高坯料配方在高温时的玻璃相的粘度,有效减少在烧成时液相填充钠沸石的多孔空间,烧成后砖体的密度可以达到2.15g/cm3,低于普通透光陶瓷坯料配方2.35 g/cm3的坯体密度,使得本发明的透光陶瓷坯料配方可以形成较低的体密度,其砖体体内形成的气孔直径大部分在30~50μm之间,能较普通透光砖更加有利于光线透过,增强砖体的透光效果。
本发明所采取的另一个技术方案是:一种如上所述的透光陶瓷砖的制备方法,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将坯料与干净的水一同加入到球磨机中,启动球磨机将坯料球磨至细度为0.3以下,进行除铁、过筛和喷粉,得粉料;
2)将步骤1)所得的粉料置于压机进行压制成型,得砖坯,砖坯经过干燥后进行磨坯处理,然后进行喷墨打印、施抛釉和涂底浆,再进入烧成窑进行烧成,最后进行抛光和磨边处理,得透光陶瓷砖成品。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤1)中所述坯料的添加量按质量百分比计为所述坯料与干净的水的总重量的65~66%。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤1)中所述的球磨机采用氧化铝球衬,球石采用氧化铝球石,其中氧化铝含量大于96%,白度大于95度。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤1)中所述的过筛采用250目筛网。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中的压制成型采用半干压制成型,如实际操作中800规格的砖体的成型压力为3400吨。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中所述涂底浆为在砖坯底面涂纯度大于99%的氧化铝。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中喷墨打印前对砖坯表面进行喷水润湿处理,其中每平方米砖坯的喷水量为80~100g。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中喷墨打印时控制砖坯的温度在40~52℃范围内。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中所述抛光为采用弹性磨块对砖体上的抛釉层进行抛光加工处理。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明以钠沸石为陶瓷砖砖体坯料的主体原材料,配合部分熔融石英,使用熔块和长石作为溶剂,使用高白球土和膨润土作为粘结剂来实现优异的成型性能,以解决目前透光陶瓷砖可塑性差,成型难的问题。本发明所制备得的透光陶瓷砖的透光率高、体密度小至可达2.15g/cm3,白度大于66度,满足使用要求,同时其应用范围广,可分别应用于瓷质有釉砖和通体砖。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述,以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是,实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术熟练人员,根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整,应仍属于本发明的保护范围。同时下述所提及的原料未详细说明的,均为市售产品;未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法为均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
实施例1
一种透光陶瓷砖,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的原料组分为:22.7%的熔融石英、19.7%的钠沸石、35.9%的熔块、1.5%的硅灰石、10%的球土、6.2%的长石、2.5%的膨润土、1.5%的碳酸钡和0.5%的球磨添加剂;坯料的化学成分按照重量百分比计为:57.65%的SiO2、20.48%的Al2O3、0.09%的Fe2O3、0.01%的TiO2、7.19%的CaO、0.77%的MgO、1.04%的K2O、4.24%的Na2O、1.36%的BaO、0.53%的ZnO和6.39%的烧失。
其中,球磨添加剂由按砖体坯料原料组分重量百分比计的0.2%的羧甲基纤维素和0.3%的三聚磷酸钠组成。所述钠沸石选用具有多孔网状结构的钠沸石。
制备方法:
1)将坯料与干净的水一同加入到球磨机中,其中坯料按质量百分比计为所述坯料与干净的水的总重量的65.5%。启动球磨机将坯料球磨至细度为0.22,进行除铁、250目筛网过筛和喷粉,得粉料;
2)将步骤1)所得的粉料置于压机进行半干压制成型,得砖坯,砖坯经过干燥后经磨坯机进行表面打磨和除尘处理,然后先在砖坯表面进行喷水处理,再进行喷墨打印、施抛釉,并在砖坯底面涂纯度大于99%的氧化铝,再进入烧成窑进行烧成,最后进行抛光和磨边处理,得透光陶瓷砖成品。
其中,所述球磨机采用氧化铝球衬,球石采用氧化铝球石,其中氧化铝含量大于96%,白度大于95度。所述喷墨打印过程中控制砖坯的温度在40~52℃范围内。
将实施例1所制备得的透光陶瓷砖在烧成温度为1220℃的辊道窑进行烧成,烧成时间为65min。对烧成后的透光陶瓷砖进行性能,实施例1的透光陶瓷砖的体密度为2.23 g/cm3,瓷砖吸水率为0.02,砖体白度为68.6度,断裂模数为35.6MPa,可见光透过率为1.15%。
实施例2
一种透光陶瓷砖,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的原料组分为:12.3%的熔融石英、24.6%的钠沸石、38.5%的熔块、1.6%的硅灰石、10%的球土、10.7%的长石、2%的膨润土和0.5%的球磨添加剂;坯料的化学成分按照重量百分比计为:53.06%的SiO2、23.45%的Al2O3、0.07%的Fe2O3、0.02%的TiO2、7.71%的CaO、0.77%的MgO、1.53%的K2O、5.61%的Na2O、0.63%的BaO、0.53%的ZnO和7.15%的烧失。
其中,球磨添加剂由按砖体坯料原料组分重量百分比计的0.1%的羧甲基纤维素和0.4%的三聚磷酸钠组成。所述钠沸石选用具有多孔网状结构的钠沸石。
制备方法:
1)将坯料与干净的水一同加入到球磨机中,其中坯料按质量百分比计为所述坯料与干净的水的总重量的65.5%。启动球磨机将坯料球磨至细度为0.25,进行除铁、250目筛网过筛和喷粉,得粉料;
2)将步骤1)所得的粉料置于压机进行半干压制成型,得砖坯,砖坯经过干燥后经磨坯机进行表面打磨和除尘处理,然后先在砖坯表面进行喷水处理,再进行喷墨打印、施抛釉,并在砖坯底面涂纯度大于99%的氧化铝,再进入烧成窑进行烧成,最后进行抛光和磨边处理,得透光陶瓷砖成品。
其中,所述球磨机采用氧化铝球衬,球石采用氧化铝球石,其中氧化铝含量大于96%,白度大于95度。所述喷墨打印过程中控制砖坯的温度在40~52℃范围内。
将实施例2所制备得的透光陶瓷砖在烧成温度为1228℃的辊道窑进行烧成,烧成时间为65min。对烧成后的透光陶瓷砖进行性能,实施例2的透光陶瓷砖的体密度为2.15 g/cm3,瓷砖吸水率为0.01,砖体白度为66.8度,断裂模数为36.4MPa,可见光透过率为1.25%。
实施例3
一种透光陶瓷砖,其按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的原料组分为:22.6%的熔融石英、22.6%的钠沸石、31.5%的熔块、12.1%的球土、9.7%的长石、1.6%的碳酸钡和0.6%的球磨添加剂;坯料的化学成分按照重量百分比计为:58.18%的SiO2、20.61%的Al2O3、0.06%的Fe2O3、0.01%的TiO2、5.67%的CaO、0.63%的MgO、1.13%的K2O、5.02%的Na2O、1.41%的BaO、0.52%的ZnO和6.76%的烧失。
其中,球磨添加剂由按砖体坯料原料组分重量百分比计的0.2%的羧甲基纤维素和0.4%的三聚磷酸钠组成。所述钠沸石选用具有多孔网状结构的钠沸石。
制备方法:
1)将坯料与干净的水一同加入到球磨机中,其中坯料按质量百分比计为所述坯料与干净的水的总重量的65.4%。启动球磨机将坯料球磨至细度为0.26,进行除铁、250目筛网过筛和喷粉,得粉料;
2)将步骤1)所得的粉料置于压机进行半干压制成型,得砖坯,砖坯经过干燥后经磨坯机进行表面打磨和除尘处理,然后先在砖坯表面进行喷水处理,再进行喷墨打印、施抛釉,并在砖坯底面涂纯度大于99%的氧化铝,再进入烧成窑进行烧成,最后进行抛光和磨边处理,得透光陶瓷砖成品。
其中,所述球磨机采用氧化铝球衬,球石采用氧化铝球石,其中氧化铝含量大于96%,白度大于95度。所述喷墨打印过程中控制砖坯的温度在40~52℃范围内。
将实施例3所制备得的透光陶瓷砖在烧成温度为1225℃的辊道窑进行烧成,烧成时间为65min。对烧成后的透光陶瓷砖进行性能,实施例3的透光陶瓷砖的体密度为2.33 g/cm3,瓷砖吸水率为0.03,砖体白度为67.8度,断裂模数为39.8MPa,可见光透过率为0.98%。
上述实施例为本发明的优选实施例,凡与本发明类似的工艺及所作的等效变化,均应属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (3)

1.一种透光陶瓷砖,其特征在于,按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的化学成分如下:52~62%的Si02、20~26%的Al2O3、0~0.1%的Fe203、0~0.2%的TiO2、5~10%的CaO、0~1%的MgO、0.8~2.6%的K2O、4~7%的Na2O、0~2%的BaO、0.3~0.8%的ZnO和5~10%的烧失;所述透光陶瓷砖按照重量百分比计砖体坯料的原料组分为:9~25%的熔融石英、18~28%的钠沸石、30~42%的熔块、0.5~5%的硅灰石、8~16%的球土、6~18%的长石、1~5%的膨润土、0~3%的碳酸钡、0.2~1%的球磨添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷砖,其特征在于:所述球磨添加剂由按砖体坯料原料组分重量百分比计的0.1~0.5%的羧甲基纤维素和0.1~0.5%的三聚磷酸钠组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种透光陶瓷砖,其特征在于:所述钠沸石选用具有多孔网状结构的钠沸石。
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