CN107029120B - 一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,该方法以石斛鲜条为原料,经酶解、碱和硼氢化物处理、纳滤膜脱杂质、醇沉、促溶等步骤获得石斛多糖流浸膏;以黄精粉为原料,经过提取、苯乙烯大孔吸附树脂吸附、活性炭处理、醇沉等步骤获得黄精总多糖;两种多糖混合后制得石斛和黄精膏滋剂;本发明方法简单易操作,适于产业化生产和市场推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法。
背景技术
我国传统的名贵中草药石斛、黄精的药用历史悠久。传统医学认为石斛具有补五脏虚劳羸瘦、强阴、久服厚肠胃功效;黄精具有养阴润肺;补脾益气,滋肾填精功效。两药均为滋阴药,但治病侧重点不同,联用具有药效协同增强作用。现代医药学研究表明,从石斛、黄精中分离出来的石斛多糖、黄精多糖的药效成分,具有广泛的药理活性,对预防肿瘤、免疫缺陷等多种疾病具有防治效果。
研究显示,天然的石斛多糖分子量在40万左右,表观结构分析石斛多糖化合物主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖以不同键位连接而成。黄精多糖分子量1万左右,初步结构分析表明黄精多糖主要葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖以不同键连接而成。
在提取石斛多糖时由常规水提醇沉法中所得多糖含量在80%左右,含有淀粉、蛋白质、灰分,淀粉类多糖药理活性甚微。高纯度高活性石斛多糖很多报道主要是通过有机溶剂脱蛋白而得,很难用于实际生产。高纯度多糖在实际生产中技术瓶颈较多:石斛粘性强导致有效成分溶出难;石斛多糖主要为碱溶性多糖,分子量较大在水中溶解较慢;石斛多糖粗品灰分重金属含量较大,去除较难,酸处理在去除部分盐重金属的同时也很容易破坏多糖结构;常规有机溶剂氯仿、正丁醇脱蛋白很难用于工业化,还容易有机溶剂残留,单一的蛋白质沉淀剂、离子交换等均很难达到彻底脱除蛋白的目的;石斛多糖在传统烤干,真空干燥过程中很难干燥,此外容易发生分子聚合导致药性改变,水溶性大大降低。在制备高纯度黄精多糖工艺中传统的水提醇沉法会把一部分甾体皂苷类化合物和大部分胶类多糖沉淀下来,导致多糖纯度不高,无效杂质或无效生理活性多糖较多。为发挥石斛、黄精多糖药理活性达到疗效确切的临床用药要求,因此,长期以来高纯度石斛多糖、黄精多糖的制备方法一直是研究热点。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的提取缺陷,提供一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,该方法能有效去除杂质、提高有效多糖的纯度。
本发明方法通过以下具体步骤实现本发明目的:
(1)在石斛鲜条中加水粉碎,在粉碎浆料中加入石斛鲜条质量0.2-0.5%的链霉素、石斛鲜条质量2%-5%的复合酶,于40-50℃酶解2小时;
(2)在步骤(1)酶解产物中加入氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠或硼氘化钠混匀,其中混合物中氢氧化钠的质量百分比浓度为0.1-0.2%,硼氢化钠或硼氘化钠的质量百分比浓度为0.1-0.2%,然后在温度90-100℃下热回流提取2小时,反复提取2-3次,合并提取液和药渣,离心得离心液;
(3)调节步骤(2)离心液pH值为7,然后50-60℃低温真空浓缩至2倍生药量,去沉淀得上清液;上清液冻融处理1-2次,每次冻融后离心去除沉淀,收集离心液;沉淀主要为色素、淀粉、蛋白;
(4)步骤(3)离心液使用纳滤膜脱杂质,所得截留液为粗多糖液,其中纳滤膜的截留分子量为300-500道尔顿;纳滤膜能起到脱盐、脱单糖、脱水、脱色的作用;
(5)在步骤(4)粗多糖液中加入多糖液质量4-5倍的醇沉淀多糖,得到多糖;多糖为胶状,具粘着性;
(6)在步骤(5)多糖中加入多糖质量3-4倍的纯净水,由于醇沉导致一定程度上的多糖改性降低了多糖的水溶性,再加入多糖质量0.1%-0.5%的乙酸锌或磷酸氢二钠对多糖进行促溶,得到石斛多糖流浸膏,备用;
(7)在粉碎后的黄精粉中加入其质量5-8倍的纯净水,在90-100℃提取2-3次,每次提取时间1.5-2小时,合并提取液过滤得黄精粗提液;
(8)将步骤(7)中黄精粗提液过非极性大孔树脂,收集流出液;非极性大孔树脂吸附杂质,杂质主要为黄精甾体皂苷、酚类等物质;
(9)在步骤(8)流出液中加入流出液质量0.05-0.1%的活性炭脱去脂溶性色素,混匀后浓缩液体至流出液体积的1/5后,采用钛棒过滤器过滤;
(10)在步骤(9)滤液中加入乙醇进行2次醇沉,第一次醇沉滤液中乙醇体积浓度为40%,静置处理8小时后,过滤去除沉淀,沉淀主要为蛋白质、过胶、树脂胶、鞣质等大分子生理活性较低的物质,取上清液;在上清液继续加入乙醇使得上清液中乙醇体积浓度为90-95%,收集沉淀得黄精总多糖;
(11)将步骤(10)的黄精总多糖干燥得黄精多糖提取物;
(12)将石斛多糖流浸膏和黄精多糖提取物粉末按质量比4:1-5:1混匀,按常规剂量加入防腐剂,混匀后灭菌封装即得石斛和黄精膏滋剂。
所述步骤(1)在石斛鲜条中添加石斛鲜条质量7-10倍的水。
所述步骤(1)中复合酶是果胶酶和酸性蛋白酶按质量比3:2-3:1的比例混合制得。
所述步骤(3)中离心转速为20000-25000转/min。
所述步骤(5)中的醇为乙醇。
所述防腐剂为常规乙酸钠、山梨酸钾等防腐剂。
所述非极性大孔树脂为苯乙烯非极性大孔树脂D101、HPD100或AB-8。
本发明优点和技术效果:
1、本发明方法采用链霉素、复合酶处理能有效酶解蛋白质、果胶等杂质使得生理活性石斛多糖有效溶出;采用碱和硼氢化物能高效富集碱性多糖;
2、本发明方法采用冻融去除石斛提取液里部分大分子淀粉类杂质;
3、本发明方法采用纳滤脱盐、脱小分子物质去除提取石斛时添加的化学试剂、灰分、小分子杂质、部分色素等;使得提取物理石斛活性多糖含量大于90%;
4、本发明方法采有益人体健康的食品添加剂乙酸锌或磷酸氢二钠对多糖进行促溶,大大改善石斛碱溶性多糖被乙醇改性后复溶水溶解度低的问题;
5、本发明方法采用苯乙烯大孔吸附树脂吸附黄精提取液里有机物、提高流出液里多糖含量、去除甾体、黄酮类等苦涩味杂质,使得该天然提取物口感类似蜂蜜;
5、本发明方法采用分级醇沉去除乙酰化果胶、树脂胶等大分子低活性多糖,保留黄精活性多糖;
6、本发明方法简单易操作,适于产业化生产和市场推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:本石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)在铁皮石斛鲜条中加入石斛鲜条质量7倍的水,采用组织捣碎机粉碎,在粉碎浆料中加入石斛鲜条质量0.2%的链霉素、石斛鲜条质量3%的复合酶(果胶酶和酸性蛋白酶按质量比3:2的比例混合),然后在40℃下搅拌处理2小时;
(2)在步骤(1)酶解产物中加入氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠混匀,其中混合物中氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠的质量百分比浓度均为0.1%,然后在温度90℃下热回流提取2小时,反复提取2次,合并提取液和药渣于三足离心机中,离心得离心液;
(3)用稀盐酸调节步骤(2)离心液pH值为7,然后50℃真空浓缩至2倍生药量,去沉淀得上清液;上清液冻融处理1次,冻融后2万转/分钟离心去除沉淀,收集离心液;
(4)步骤(3)离心液使用纳滤膜脱杂质,所得截留液为粗多糖液,其中纳滤膜的截留分子量为300道尔顿;
(5)在步骤(4)粗多糖液中加入多糖液质量4倍的乙醇沉淀多糖,得到多糖;
(6)在步骤(5)多糖中加入多糖质量3倍的纯净水,再加入多糖质量0.2%的乙酸锌对多糖进行促溶,得到石斛多糖流浸膏,备用;
(7)在粉碎后的黄精粉中加入其质量6倍的纯净水,在100℃提取2次,每次提取时间1.5小时,合并提取液过滤得黄精粗提液;
(8)将步骤(7)中黄精粗提液过非极性大孔树脂D101,收集流出液;
(9)在步骤(8)流出液中加入流出液质量0.05%的活性炭,混匀后浓缩液体至流出液体积的1/5后,采用钛棒过滤器过滤;
(10)在步骤(9)滤液中加入乙醇进行2次醇沉,第一次醇沉滤液中乙醇体积浓度为40%,静置处理8小时后,过滤去除沉淀,取上清液;在上清液继续加入乙醇使得上清液中乙醇体积浓度为90%,收集沉淀得黄精总多糖;
(11)将步骤(10)的黄精总多糖干燥得黄精多糖提取物;
(12)将石斛多糖流浸膏和黄精多糖提取物粉末按质量比4:1混匀,按质量百分比0.003%剂量加入乙酸钠,混匀后灭菌封装即得石斛和黄精膏滋剂。
实施例2:本石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)在铁皮石斛鲜条中加入石斛鲜条质量8倍的水,采用组织捣碎机粉碎,在粉碎浆料中加入石斛鲜条质量0.3%的链霉素、石斛鲜条质量5%的复合酶(果胶酶和酸性蛋白酶按质量比3:1的比例混合),然后在50℃下搅拌处理2小时;
(2)在步骤(1)酶解产物中加入氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠混匀,其中混合物中氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠的质量百分比浓度均为0.2%,然后在温度100℃下热回流提取2小时,反复提取2次,合并提取液和药渣于三足离心机中,离心得离心液;
(3)用稀盐酸调节步骤(2)离心液pH值为7,然后55℃真空浓缩至2倍生药量,去沉淀得上清液;上清液冻融处理,冻融后2.5万转/分钟离心去除沉淀,收集离心液,离心液再冻融处理1次,离心去除沉淀,收集液体;
(4)步骤(3)离心液使用纳滤膜脱杂质,所得截留液为粗多糖液,其中纳滤膜的截留分子量为500道尔顿;
(5)在步骤(4)粗多糖液中加入多糖液质量5倍的乙醇沉淀多糖,得到多糖;
(6)在步骤(5)多糖中加入多糖质量4倍的纯净水,再加入多糖质量0.3%的磷酸氢二钠对多糖进行促溶,得到石斛多糖流浸膏,备用;
(7)在粉碎后的黄精粉中加入其质量8倍的纯净水,在90℃提取3次,每次提取时间2小时,合并提取液过滤得黄精粗提液;
(8)将步骤(7)中黄精粗提液过非极性大孔树脂HPD100,收集流出液;
(9)在步骤(8)流出液中加入流出液质量0.1%的活性炭,混匀后浓缩液体至流出液体积的1/5后,采用钛棒过滤器过滤;
(10)在步骤(9)滤液中加入乙醇进行2次醇沉,第一次醇沉滤液中乙醇体积浓度为40%,静置处理8小时后,过滤去除沉淀,取上清液;在上清液继续加入乙醇使得上清液中乙醇体积浓度为95%,收集沉淀得黄精总多糖;
(11)将步骤(10)的黄精总多糖干燥得黄精多糖提取物;
(12)将石斛多糖流浸膏和黄精多糖提取物粉末按质量比5:1混匀,按质量百分比0.003%剂量加入乙酸钠,混匀后灭菌封装即得石斛和黄精膏滋剂。
实施例3:本石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)在铁皮石斛鲜条中加入石斛鲜条质量10倍的水,采用组织捣碎机粉碎,在粉碎浆料中加入石斛鲜条质量0.5%的链霉素、石斛鲜条质量4%的复合酶(果胶酶和酸性蛋白酶按质量比2:1的比例混合),然后在45℃下搅拌处理2小时;
(2)在步骤(1)酶解产物中加入氢氧化钠、硼氘化钠混匀,其中混合物中氢氧化钠、硼氘化钠的质量百分比浓度均为0.15%,然后在温度95℃下热回流提取2小时,反复提取2次,合并提取液和药渣于三足离心机中,离心得离心液;
(3)用稀盐酸调节步骤(2)离心液pH值为7,然后55℃真空浓缩至2倍生药量,去沉淀得上清液;上清液冻融处理,冻融后2.2万转/分钟离心去除沉淀,收集离心液,离心液再冻融处理1次,离心去除沉淀,收集液体;
(4)步骤(3)离心液使用纳滤膜脱杂质,所得截留液为粗多糖液,其中纳滤膜的截留分子量为400道尔顿;
(5)在步骤(4)粗多糖液中加入多糖液质量5倍的乙醇沉淀多糖,得到多糖;
(6)在步骤(5)多糖中加入多糖质量4倍的纯净水,再加入多糖质量0.3%的磷酸氢二钠对多糖进行促溶,得到石斛多糖流浸膏,备用;
(7)在粉碎后的黄精粉中加入其质量7倍的纯净水,在95℃提取2次,每次提取时间2小时,合并提取液过滤得黄精粗提液;
(8)将步骤(7)中黄精粗提液过非极性大孔树脂AB-8,收集流出液;
(9)在步骤(8)流出液中加入流出液质量0.08%的活性炭,混匀后浓缩液体至流出液体积的1/5后,采用钛棒过滤器过滤;
(10)在步骤(9)滤液中加入乙醇进行2次醇沉,第一次醇沉滤液中乙醇体积浓度为40%,静置处理8小时后,过滤去除沉淀,取上清液;在上清液继续加入乙醇使得上清液中乙醇体积浓度为95%,收集沉淀得黄精总多糖;
(11)将步骤(10)的黄精总多糖干燥得黄精多糖提取物;
(12)将石斛多糖流浸膏和黄精多糖提取物粉末按质量比5:1混匀,按质量百分比0.003%剂量加入乙酸钠,混匀后灭菌封装即得石斛和黄精膏滋剂。
Claims (4)
1.一种石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)在石斛鲜条中加水粉碎,在粉碎浆料中加入石斛鲜条质量0.2-0.5%的链霉素、石斛鲜条质量2%-5%的复合酶,于40-50℃酶解2小时;
(2)在步骤(1)酶解产物中加入氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠或硼氘化钠混匀,其中混合物中氢氧化钠、硼氢化钠或硼氘化钠的质量百分比浓度均为0.1-0.2%,然后在温度90-100℃下热回流提取2小时,反复提取2-3次,合并提取液和药渣,离心得离心液;
(3)调节步骤(2)离心液pH值为7,然后50-60℃低温真空浓缩至2倍生药量,去沉淀得上清液;上清液冻融处理1-2次,每次冻融后离心去除沉淀,收集离心液;
(4)步骤(3)离心液使用纳滤膜脱杂质,所得截留液为粗多糖液,其中纳滤膜的截留分子量为300-500道尔顿;
(5)在步骤(4)粗多糖液中加入多糖液质量4-5倍的醇沉淀多糖,得到多糖;
(6)在步骤(5)多糖中加入多糖质量3-4倍的纯净水,再加入多糖质量0.1%-0.5%的乙酸锌或磷酸氢二钠对多糖进行促溶,得到石斛多糖流浸膏,备用;
(7)在粉碎后的黄精粉中加入其质量5-8倍的纯净水,在90-100℃提取2-3次,每次提取时间1.5-2小时,合并提取液过滤得黄精粗提液;
(8)将步骤(7)中黄精粗提液过非极性大孔树脂,收集流出液;
(9)在步骤(8)流出液中加入流出液质量0.05-0.1%的活性炭,混匀后浓缩液体至流出液体积的1/5后,采用钛棒过滤器过滤;
(10)在步骤(9)滤液中加入乙醇进行2次醇沉,第一次醇沉滤液中乙醇体积浓度为40%,静置处理8小时后,过滤去除沉淀,取上清液;在上清液继续加入乙醇使得上清液中乙醇体积浓度为90-95%,收集沉淀得黄精总多糖;
(11)将步骤(10)的黄精总多糖干燥得黄精多糖提取物;
(12)将石斛多糖流浸膏和黄精多糖提取物粉末按质量比4:1-5:1混匀,按常规剂量加入防腐剂,混匀后灭菌封装即得石斛和黄精膏滋剂;
所述步骤(1)中复合酶是果胶酶和酸性蛋白酶按质量比3:2-3:1的比例混合制得;
所述非极性大孔树脂为苯乙烯非极性大孔树脂D101、HPD100或AB-8。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)在石斛鲜条中添加石斛鲜条质量7-10倍的水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中离心转速为20000-25000转/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石斛和黄精膏滋剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中的醇为乙醇。
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