CN107024141B - Sound and vibration monitoring and defect positioning method for Ramming Device assembling quality - Google Patents
Sound and vibration monitoring and defect positioning method for Ramming Device assembling quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种利用结构振动响应信号分析并确定供输弹系统构件损伤类故障的方法，根据对不同结构的供输弹系统常见缺陷故障或可能的潜在装配质量问题的分析，初步确定激励和响应点位置，要求所形成的跨点导纳（跨点频响函数）能够覆盖可能的缺陷与故障，对实时采集的供输弹系统构件的激励信号、振动与声压响应信号，做出供输弹机构的多个跨点导纳，分析结构各跨点导纳中的频率值、阻尼信息及其变化规律，提取敏感的故障特征信息，运用PSO理论和方法，对复杂供输弹系统冲击振动响应信号的特征参量提取技术与特征参量集进行优化，从而进行供输弹机构装配质量监测与缺陷故障定位定量；本发明可广泛用于供输弹系统由于装配质量引起故障的在线诊断。
The invention discloses a method for analyzing and determining damage faults of components of a bomb supply system by using structural vibration response signals. The location of the response point requires that the formed cross-point admittance (cross-point frequency response function) can cover possible defects and faults, and make a supply chain for the real-time collected excitation signals, vibration and sound pressure response signals of the bomb supply system components. Multiple cross-point admittances of the bomb delivery mechanism, analyze the frequency value, damping information and its change law in each cross-point admittance of the structure, extract sensitive fault feature information, and use PSO theory and method to analyze the impact of the complex bomb delivery system. The characteristic parameter extraction technology of the vibration response signal and the characteristic parameter set are optimized, so as to monitor the assembly quality of the bomb supply mechanism and quantify the defect fault location; the invention can be widely used in the online diagnosis of failures caused by the assembly quality of the bomb supply system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明一种供输弹机构装配质量的声振监测与缺陷定位方法，属于自动供输弹系统故障诊断技术领域。The invention relates to an acoustic vibration monitoring and defect location method for the assembly quality of a bomb feeding mechanism, which belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis of an automatic bomb feeding system.
背景技术Background technique
新形势部队加大了训练的力度，各种武器装备经历了前所未有的考验，装备在使用过程中逐渐暴露出设计中的问题，使用者与设计者之间的不相协调的问题终将暴露出来。舰炮、坦克炮、自行火炮等各种中大口径火炮普遍被要求加大火力密度，供输弹系统的射速不断提高，使得各机构的动作要在动态条件下完成交接弹，增加了机构运动的不可靠性。在供输弹系统研制过程中，零部件加工制造的局部质量问题，包括材料缺陷、尺寸公差积累，都会在装配成形后展现出来。供输弹系统在使用了一段时间后，特别是大载荷的射击试验以后容易出现松动和变位情况，改变了原始的装配状态，机构运动性能变差导致了缺陷故障、停射甚至卡滞。装备的可靠性问题逐渐突出出来，引起军方和工业部门的高度关注。In the new situation, the troops have intensified their training. All kinds of weapons and equipment have experienced unprecedented tests. The problems in the design of the equipment are gradually exposed during the use of the equipment, and the incompatibility between the user and the designer will eventually be exposed. . Naval guns, tank guns, self-propelled guns and other medium and large-caliber artillery are generally required to increase the firepower density, and the rate of fire of the bomb delivery system is constantly increasing, so that the actions of each mechanism must be completed under dynamic conditions. Movement unreliability. During the development of the bomb supply and delivery system, local quality problems in parts processing and manufacturing, including material defects and accumulation of dimensional tolerances, will appear after assembly and forming. After being used for a period of time, especially after a large-load shooting test, the bomb supply system is prone to loosening and displacement, which changes the original assembly state, and the poor movement performance of the mechanism leads to defects, failures, stoppages and even sticking. The reliability of equipment has gradually become prominent, which has attracted great attention from the military and industrial sectors.
供输弹机构装配质量与缺陷的定位定量诊断的目标在于判断其是否处于正常状况，若出现异常，分析缺陷产生的原因、部位以及严重程度，并预测发展的趋势；通过分析在执行机构和驱动装置上测得的冲击、振动和声响应的大小和变化规律，做出跨点频率响应曲线，进一步提取信号特征、分类识别缺陷，探究其程度和发生的部位。供输弹系统多使用于中大口径火炮系统，射速相对于高速自动机来说较低，结构复杂，例如某大口径舰炮供输弹系统包括输弹、扬弹、摆弹、转弹、推弹、抽壳等几个大的运动，各运动机构连续转换，各机构主要是串联式结构，大小零件数千多个，装配关系极其复杂，拉杆的微小尺寸变化，会在后续运动中被放大，形成运动卡滞因素；零件间连接的松紧程度不但影响各机构组成系统的固有特性，也影响弹药的运动响应特性，成为供输弹执行机构故障的诱发因素。利用多个跨点之间的传递关系，特别是弹药在几个典型运动之间转换时的传递特性，进行火炮供输弹机构运行时的装配质量和缺陷诊断，是充分利用结构固有特性变化进行故障诊断的经典应用，其适用性主要是。The goal of the quantitative diagnosis of the assembly quality and defects of the bomb delivery mechanism is to judge whether it is in a normal state. If there is an abnormality, analyze the cause, location and severity of the defect, and predict the development trend; The size and change law of the shock, vibration and acoustic response measured on the device, the cross-point frequency response curve is made, the signal characteristics are further extracted, the defects are classified and identified, and the degree and location of occurrence are explored. The ammunition supply system is mostly used in medium and large caliber artillery systems. Compared with high-speed automatic machines, the rate of fire is lower and the structure is complex. , Pushing bombs, shelling and other large movements, each movement mechanism is continuously converted, and each mechanism is mainly a serial structure, with thousands of large and small parts, and the assembly relationship is extremely complicated. The degree of tightness of the connection between the parts not only affects the inherent characteristics of the system composed of each mechanism, but also affects the motion response characteristics of the ammunition, and becomes the inducing factor for the failure of the ammunition supplying actuator. Using the transfer relationship between multiple cross-points, especially the transfer characteristics of the ammunition when it switches between several typical movements, the assembly quality and defect diagnosis of the artillery feeding mechanism during operation is to make full use of the changes in the inherent characteristics of the structure. The classic application of fault diagnosis, its applicability is mainly.
（1）从装备使用来讲，由于自动供输弹系统较为复杂，构件大且紧凑，不易拆卸，故障部位不易察觉，通常只能看到弹药卡滞、射击停止的结果，很难确定故障部位和程度，找准故障根源，实行射击前的在线测试和装配质量诊断有重要的实际意义。(1) From the perspective of equipment use, since the automatic ammunition supply system is relatively complex, the components are large and compact, it is not easy to disassemble, and the fault location is not easy to detect. Usually, only the results of ammunition stuck and shooting stop can be seen, and it is difficult to determine the fault location It is of great practical significance to find out the root cause of the fault, carry out online testing and assembly quality diagnosis before shooting.
（2）从供输弹机构原理、研制生产过程和零部件装配关系来看，自动供输弹系统机（结）构复杂紧凑，高度集成，包括动力驱动、机械机构传动和机电系统检测控制几个方面，相互配合稍有差异便会停射卡滞，早期裂纹更是难以发现，甚至会造成安全事故。自动供输弹系统构件较大，装配制造工艺容易出现多种缺陷，进行射前在线检测装配质量可以及早发现问题，避免射击过程中出现卡弹等故障。(2) From the perspective of the principle of the bomb supply mechanism, the development and production process, and the assembly of parts and components, the automatic bomb supply system (structure) is complex and compact in structure and highly integrated, including power drive, mechanical mechanism transmission, and electromechanical system detection and control. On the one hand, if there is a slight difference in mutual cooperation, the shooting will stop and get stuck, and the early cracks are even more difficult to find, and even cause safety accidents. The components of the automatic ammunition supply and delivery system are large, and the assembly and manufacturing process is prone to various defects. The online inspection of the assembly quality before shooting can detect problems early and avoid failures such as ammunition jams during shooting.
（3）供输弹机构的多跨点传递函数（频响函数）是系统的固有特性，供输弹机构一经装配成型进入射前状态，就将完全确定。一台装配质量良好的供输弹系统结构固有特性可以在实弹射击之前完整获得，可能出现的装配缺陷也能提前获取其固有特性的差异并进行定量描述，其特征和规律可存储于专用诊断装置中，也可通过通讯接口进入供输弹装备的故障诊断系统中。诊断模型和诊断方法在供输弹系统研制结束时已事前完成，并成为供输弹系统的一部分，实弹射击前按程序走一遍，即可发现装配质量问题以便及早排除。(3) The multi-span transfer function (frequency response function) of the bomb feeding mechanism is an inherent characteristic of the system, and it will be completely determined once the bomb feeding mechanism enters the pre-shooting state after being assembled. The structural inherent characteristics of a well-assembled ammunition delivery system can be completely obtained before the live ammunition is fired, and the differences in the inherent characteristics of possible assembly defects can also be obtained in advance and quantitatively described. The characteristics and laws can be stored in a dedicated diagnostic device It can also enter into the fault diagnosis system of the bomb delivery equipment through the communication interface. The diagnostic model and diagnostic method have been completed in advance at the end of the development of the ammunition delivery system and become a part of the delivery delivery system. Before the live ammunition is fired, go through the procedure to find assembly quality problems for early elimination.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明克服了现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种供输弹机构装配质量的声振监测与缺陷定位方法，解决火炮自动供输弹系统机构装配质量、缺陷故障诊断中存在的技术问题。The invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides an acoustic vibration monitoring and defect location method for the assembly quality of the ammunition feeding mechanism, and solves the technical problems existing in the assembly quality and defect fault diagnosis of the automatic artillery feeding and feeding system.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：供输弹机构装配质量的声振监测与缺陷定位方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for acoustic vibration monitoring and defect location of the assembly quality of the bomb delivery mechanism, comprising the following steps:
a、分析研究特定供输弹机构常见松动卡滞与损伤类故障的形式与部位、装配质量常见问题及缺陷发展变化情况，确定动态参数监测方案，建立测点优化模型；a. Analyze and study the form and location of common loosening, sticking and damage faults of specific bomb supply and delivery mechanisms, common problems in assembly quality and the development and changes of defects, determine the dynamic parameter monitoring plan, and establish an optimization model for measuring points;
b、在装配工房构建包括激励力传感器、声压传感器和振动加速度计为监测手段的多通道综合数据采集系统，开展实验室阶段的供输弹机构装配质量的定性与定量研究；b. Construct a multi-channel comprehensive data acquisition system including excitation force sensors, sound pressure sensors and vibration accelerometers as monitoring means in the assembly workshop, and carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the assembly quality of the bomb feeding mechanism in the laboratory stage;
c、通过测试供输弹系统各机构的多个跨点导纳，分析结构各跨点导纳中的频率值、阻尼信息及其变化规律；c. By testing multiple cross-point admittances of each mechanism of the bomb supply system, analyze the frequency value, damping information and its changing law in each cross-point admittance of the structure;
d、提取各频响特性曲线的多种特征参数，定量描述损伤、松动和卡滞类缺陷特性，试验确定各类缺陷及其位置对各阶特征参数的影响；d. Extract a variety of characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve, quantitatively describe the characteristics of damage, looseness and stuck defects, and test to determine the influence of various defects and their positions on the characteristic parameters of each order;
e、对所采集的激励力信号、振动响应信号和声压信号做时域和频域分析，做小波变换和EMD分析，结合信息熵理论进行多种特征参量提取，运用PSO理论和方法，进行特征参量集的优化；e. Perform time domain and frequency domain analysis on the collected excitation force signal, vibration response signal and sound pressure signal, do wavelet transform and EMD analysis, combine information entropy theory to extract various characteristic parameters, and use PSO theory and methods to carry out Optimization of feature parameter sets;
f、对于微弱的早期缺陷，包括微小裂纹、初始松动和紧固力不足，通过对具体供输弹机构在实验室条件下的多批次量化实验，比较所提取特征值产生残差的概率密度，利用K-L散度的高灵敏性确定微弱早期裂纹、装配缺陷、松动等故障信息并进行量化和统计学分类分析；f. For weak early defects, including tiny cracks, initial looseness and insufficient fastening force, compare the probability density of the residual error of the extracted eigenvalues through multi-batch quantitative experiments on the specific bomb supply mechanism under laboratory conditions , use the high sensitivity of K-L divergence to determine weak early cracks, assembly defects, looseness and other fault information and perform quantitative and statistical classification analysis;
g、将机构性能良好的初始特征值Φj0预存在处理软件模型内，采用差异比较法，与运行一段时间或搁置、修理、重装后准备实弹射击的待检机构所获取的特征值Φji进行比对，分析供输弹机构潜在的装配质量问题；g. Pre-store the initial eigenvalue Φ j0 with good mechanism performance in the processing software model, and use the difference comparison method to compare it with the eigenvalue Φ ji obtained by the mechanism to be inspected after running for a period of time or preparing for live ammunition shooting after shelving, repairing and reinstalling Make comparisons and analyze potential assembly quality problems of the bomb feeding mechanism;
h、在确定供输弹机构出现装配质量问题的情况下，采用深度学习的神经网络优化方法自动寻找缺陷故障的发生位置，根据特征值的变化规律和变异程度采用相对熵和能谱技术量化供输弹机构的缺陷故障的严重程度。h. When it is determined that there is an assembly quality problem in the bomb supply mechanism, the neural network optimization method of deep learning is used to automatically find the location of the defect fault, and the relative entropy and energy spectrum technology are used to quantify the supply according to the change law and variation degree of the characteristic value The severity of the defect failure of the ammunition delivery mechanism.
在所述的步骤d中，各频响特性曲线的特征参数包括各阶固有频率fi、阻尼比ζi、峰值Ai、谱峭度ξi、品质因子Qi和奇异值δi。In said step d, the characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve include each order natural frequency f i , damping ratio ζ i , peak value A i , spectral kurtosis ξ i , quality factor Q i and singular value δ i .
包括冲击激励传感器和声、振响应传感器，所述冲击激励传感器和声、振响应传感器设置在自动供输弹系统的几个主要机构转换环节的两端，用于感应主要机构松动、损伤、撞击点和重摩擦部位产生的声、振响应信号。Including shock excitation sensor and acoustic and vibration response sensor, the shock excitation sensor and acoustic and vibration response sensor are arranged at both ends of several main mechanism conversion links of the automatic bomb supply and delivery system, and are used to sense the looseness, damage and impact of the main mechanism. Acoustic and vibration response signals generated by points and heavy friction parts.
使用小型嵌入式多路数据采集分析系统同步采集冲击激励和声、振响应信号并记录，然后进行缺陷故障特征的分类筛选，实现缺陷故障的定位与定量。Use a small embedded multi-channel data acquisition and analysis system to synchronously collect and record the shock excitation and acoustic and vibration response signals, and then perform classification and screening of defect and fault characteristics to realize the positioning and quantification of defect faults.
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果是：本发明充分利用供输弹机构固有特性在实弹射击之前可以提早获取，并容易存储在供输弹系统的控制软件中。不但在研制生产中可配合装配过程进行装配性能监测和调整，也可在实弹射击之前作为例行检查保养，及早发现装配质量和缺陷，以防止出现射击中的卡滞停射甚至安全故障。本发明在已有的多信息全自动控制的条件下，弥补现有利用外置传感器测试响应数据进行故障诊断的相关技术的不足，提供一种利用结构固有特性微量变化提前预示结构潜在故障的技术，变实弹射击监测诊断故障为射前检查防止故障发生的常规故障诊断方法。该方法将供输弹机构固有特性的识别结果和检测诊断模型，加入到装配质量缺陷诊断系统中，进而对中大口径火炮自动供输弹系统的装配质量进行综合分析处理并加以定位定量诊断。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the present invention makes full use of the inherent characteristics of the ammunition feeding mechanism, which can be obtained in advance before the live ammunition is fired, and is easily stored in the control software of the ammunition feeding system. Not only can assembly performance monitoring and adjustment be carried out in conjunction with the assembly process during development and production, but it can also be used as a routine inspection and maintenance before live ammunition shooting, so as to detect assembly quality and defects early, so as to prevent sticking and stopping or even safety failures during shooting. Under the condition of the existing multi-information fully automatic control, the present invention makes up for the deficiencies of the related technologies of using external sensor test response data for fault diagnosis, and provides a technology for predicting potential structural faults in advance by using slight changes in the inherent characteristics of the structure , changing live ammunition shooting monitoring and diagnosing faults into a routine fault diagnosis method for pre-firing inspections to prevent faults from occurring. In this method, the identification results of the inherent characteristics of the ammunition feeding mechanism and the detection and diagnosis model are added to the assembly quality defect diagnosis system, and then the assembly quality of the automatic ammunition feeding system for medium and large caliber artillery is comprehensively analyzed and processed, and the positioning and quantitative diagnosis are performed.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1为本发明的流程图示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明供输弹机构装配质量的声振监测与缺陷定位方法，包括以下步骤：The acoustic vibration monitoring and defect location method of the assembly quality of the bomb feeding mechanism of the present invention comprises the following steps:
a、分析研究特定供输弹机构常见松动卡滞与损伤类故障的形式与部位、装配质量常见问题及缺陷发展变化情况，确定动态参数监测方案，建立测点优化模型；a. Analyze and study the form and location of common loosening, sticking and damage faults of specific bomb supply and delivery mechanisms, common problems in assembly quality and the development and changes of defects, determine the dynamic parameter monitoring plan, and establish an optimization model for measuring points;
b、在装配工房构建包括激励力传感器、声压传感器和振动加速度计为监测手段的多通道综合数据采集系统，开展实验室阶段的供输弹机构装配质量的定性与定量研究；b. Construct a multi-channel comprehensive data acquisition system including excitation force sensors, sound pressure sensors and vibration accelerometers as monitoring means in the assembly workshop, and carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the assembly quality of the bomb feeding mechanism in the laboratory stage;
c、通过测试供输弹系统各机构的多个跨点导纳，分析结构各跨点导纳中的频率值、阻尼信息及其变化规律；c. By testing multiple cross-point admittances of each mechanism of the bomb supply system, analyze the frequency value, damping information and its changing law in each cross-point admittance of the structure;
d、提取各频响特性曲线的多种特征参数，定量描述损伤、松动和卡滞类缺陷特性，试验确定各类缺陷及其位置对各阶特征参数的影响；d. Extract a variety of characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve, quantitatively describe the characteristics of damage, looseness and stuck defects, and test to determine the influence of various defects and their positions on the characteristic parameters of each order;
e、对所采集的激励力信号、振动响应信号和声压信号做时域和频域分析，做小波变换和EMD分析，结合信息熵理论进行多种特征参量提取，运用PSO理论和方法，进行特征参量集的优化；e. Perform time domain and frequency domain analysis on the collected excitation force signal, vibration response signal and sound pressure signal, do wavelet transform and EMD analysis, combine information entropy theory to extract various characteristic parameters, and use PSO theory and methods to carry out Optimization of feature parameter sets;
f、对于微弱的早期缺陷，包括微小裂纹、初始松动和紧固力不足，通过对具体供输弹机构在实验室条件下的多批次量化实验，比较所提取特征值产生残差的概率密度，利用K-L散度的高灵敏性确定微弱早期裂纹、装配缺陷、松动等故障信息并进行量化和统计学分类分析；f. For weak early defects, including tiny cracks, initial looseness and insufficient fastening force, compare the probability density of the residual error of the extracted eigenvalues through multi-batch quantitative experiments on the specific bomb supply mechanism under laboratory conditions , use the high sensitivity of K-L divergence to determine weak early cracks, assembly defects, looseness and other fault information and perform quantitative and statistical classification analysis;
g、将机构性能良好的初始特征值Φj0预存在处理软件模型内，采用差异比较法，与运行一段时间或搁置、修理、重装后准备实弹射击的待检机构所获取的特征值Φji进行比对，分析供输弹机构潜在的装配质量问题；g. Pre-store the initial eigenvalue Φ j0 with good mechanism performance in the processing software model, and use the difference comparison method to compare it with the eigenvalue Φ ji obtained by the mechanism to be inspected after running for a period of time or preparing for live ammunition shooting after shelving, repairing and reinstalling Make comparisons and analyze potential assembly quality problems of the bomb feeding mechanism;
h、在确定供输弹机构出现装配质量问题的情况下，采用深度学习的神经网络优化方法自动寻找缺陷故障的发生位置，根据特征值的变化规律和变异程度采用相对熵和能谱技术量化供输弹机构的缺陷故障的严重程度。h. When it is determined that there is an assembly quality problem in the bomb supply mechanism, the neural network optimization method of deep learning is used to automatically find the location of the defect fault, and the relative entropy and energy spectrum technology are used to quantify the supply according to the change law and variation degree of the characteristic value The severity of the defect failure of the ammunition delivery mechanism.
在所述的步骤d中，各频响特性曲线的特征参数包括各阶固有频率fi、阻尼比ζi、峰值Ai、谱峭度ξi、品质因子Qi和奇异值δi。In said step d, the characteristic parameters of each frequency response characteristic curve include each order natural frequency f i , damping ratio ζ i , peak value A i , spectral kurtosis ξ i , quality factor Q i and singular value δ i .
包括冲击激励传感器和声、振响应传感器，所述冲击激励传感器和声、振响应传感器设置在自动供输弹系统的几个主要机构转换环节的两端，用于感应主要机构松动、损伤、撞击点和重摩擦部位产生的声、振响应信号。Including shock excitation sensor and acoustic and vibration response sensor, the shock excitation sensor and acoustic and vibration response sensor are arranged at both ends of several main mechanism conversion links of the automatic bomb supply and delivery system, and are used to sense the looseness, damage and impact of the main mechanism. Acoustic and vibration response signals generated by points and heavy friction parts.
使用小型嵌入式多路数据采集分析系统同步采集冲击激励和声、振响应信号并记录，然后进行缺陷故障特征的分类筛选，实现缺陷故障的定位与定量。Use a small embedded multi-channel data acquisition and analysis system to synchronously collect and record the shock excitation and acoustic and vibration response signals, and then perform classification and screening of defect and fault characteristics to realize the positioning and quantification of defect faults.
本发明利用结构振动响应信号分析并确定供输弹系统构件损伤类故障的方法，构建包括激励力传感器、声压传感器和振动加速度计为主要监测手段的多通道综合数据采集与信号分析系统，根据对不同结构的供输弹系统常见缺陷故障或可能的潜在装配质量问题的分析，初步确定激励和响应点位置，要求所形成的跨点导纳（跨点频响函数）能够覆盖可能的缺陷与故障。然后利用试敲法，得出多个不同位置的跨点导纳，从其中优化出既能覆盖主要供输弹机构的潜在故障的激励响应对，又能涵盖较多的运动和装配环节。在优选了测试激励点和响应点之后，对实时采集的供输弹系统构件的激励信号、振动与声压响应信号，做出供输弹机构的多个跨点导纳。分析结构各跨点导纳中的频率值、阻尼信息及其变化规律。提取敏感的故障特征信息，运用PSO理论和方法，对复杂供输弹系统冲击振动响应信号的特征参量提取技术与特征参量集进行优化，从而进行供输弹机构装配质量监测与缺陷故障定位定量；本发明可广泛用于供输弹系统由于装配质量引起故障的在线诊断。The present invention uses structural vibration response signals to analyze and determine the method of component damage faults of the bomb supply system, and constructs a multi-channel comprehensive data acquisition and signal analysis system including excitation force sensors, sound pressure sensors and vibration accelerometers as the main monitoring means. For the analysis of common defects and failures or possible potential assembly quality problems of bomb supply systems with different structures, the location of excitation and response points is preliminarily determined, and the formed cross-point admittance (cross-point frequency response function) is required to be able to cover possible defects and Fault. Then, the cross-point admittance of multiple different positions is obtained by using the trial knock method, and the excitation-response pair that can cover the potential faults of the main bomb delivery mechanism and cover more movement and assembly links is optimized. After the test excitation points and response points are optimized, multiple cross-point admittances of the bomb supply mechanism are made for the excitation signals, vibration and sound pressure response signals of the components of the bomb supply system collected in real time. Analyze the frequency value, damping information and its change law in the admittance of each cross point of the structure. Extract sensitive fault feature information, and use PSO theory and methods to optimize the feature parameter extraction technology and feature parameter set of the shock vibration response signal of the complex bomb supply and delivery system, so as to monitor the assembly quality of the bomb supply and delivery mechanism and locate and quantify defects; The invention can be widely used for on-line diagnosis of failures caused by assembly quality of the bomb delivery system.
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细的阐述：The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
1、首先分析火炮自动供输弹系统的常见故障，明确哪些故障与装配质量有关。针对具体的供输弹系统，研究完整的供输弹机构运行原理；分析供输弹机构产生停射、卡滞的主要部位和故障机理，研究供输弹系统所具有的几大机构的运动规律。研究装配质量问题。1. First, analyze the common faults of the artillery automatic supply and delivery system, and clarify which faults are related to the assembly quality. For the specific ammunition supply system, study the operating principle of the complete ammunition supply mechanism; analyze the main parts and failure mechanisms of the ammunition supply mechanism that stop firing and jamming, and study the movement laws of several major mechanisms of the ammunition supply system . Investigate assembly quality issues.
2、在自动供输弹系统的几个主要机构转换环节的两端布置冲击激励和声、振响应传感器，测点要求尽可能靠近交接弹药位置，可敏感主要机构撞击点和重摩擦部位产生的声、振响应信号。声压传感器和振动加速度计都选用ICP型，直接输出电压信号无需转换，信号的有效频率范围不低于1kHz。激励力信号选用尼龙锤头后接ICP型力传感器，激励的有效频率范围接近1kHz。然后使用小型嵌入式多路数据采集分析系统同步采集冲击激励和声、振响应信号并记录。2. Arrange impact excitation and acoustic and vibration response sensors at both ends of the conversion links of several main mechanisms of the automatic ammunition supply and delivery system. The measuring point is required to be as close as possible to the position of handover ammunition, which can be sensitive to the impact points and heavy friction parts of the main mechanism. Acoustic and vibrational response signals. Both the sound pressure sensor and the vibration accelerometer use the ICP type, which directly output the voltage signal without conversion, and the effective frequency range of the signal is not lower than 1kHz. The excitation force signal is connected to the ICP type force sensor after the nylon hammer head, and the effective frequency range of the excitation is close to 1kHz. Then a small embedded multi-channel data acquisition and analysis system is used to synchronously collect the shock excitation and acoustic and vibration response signals and record them.
3、利用小型嵌入式多路数据采集分析系统中预先编制的信号滤波等处理软件，先对冲击力和声、振响应信号进行筛选和预处理，消除基线漂移和剔除个别过载的异常信号。3. Use the pre-programmed signal filtering and other processing software in the small embedded multi-channel data acquisition and analysis system to screen and preprocess the impact force and acoustic and vibration response signals to eliminate baseline drift and eliminate individual overload abnormal signals.
4、对采集记录的时域信号建立激励和各响应信号的频响函数关系模型，提取频响函数Hpl(f)的各种特征参数，包括各阶固有频率fi，阻尼比ζi，峰值A i，谱峭度ξi，品质因子Q i，奇异值δi等。4. Establish a frequency response function relationship model between the excitation and each response signal for the time domain signals collected and recorded, and extract various characteristic parameters of the frequency response function H pl (f), including natural frequencies f i of each order, damping ratio ζ i , Peak A i , spectral kurtosis ξ i , quality factor Q i , singular value δ i , etc.
5、利用智能优化算法，针对具体供输弹机构，确定优化目标——包含尽可能多的机构固有特性，优化激励和响应测点位置。根据各特征值对装配缺陷的敏感度，从众多的特征值中优化出灵敏的特征值。5. Use intelligent optimization algorithms to determine the optimization target for the specific bomb supply and delivery mechanism—including as many inherent characteristics of the mechanism as possible, and optimize the location of the excitation and response measurement points. According to the sensitivity of each eigenvalue to assembly defect, the sensitive eigenvalue is optimized from many eigenvalues.
6、对于微弱的早期缺陷，包括微小裂纹、初始松动、紧固力不足等，通过对具体供输弹机构在实验室条件下的多批次量化实验，比较所提取特征值产生残差的概率密度，利用Kullback-Leibler散度的高灵敏性确定微弱早期裂纹、装配缺陷、松动等故障信息并进行量化和统计学分类分析。6. For weak early defects, including tiny cracks, initial looseness, insufficient fastening force, etc., through multi-batch quantitative experiments on specific bomb supply and delivery mechanisms under laboratory conditions, compare the probability of residual errors from the extracted eigenvalues Density, using the high sensitivity of Kullback-Leibler divergence to determine weak early cracks, assembly defects, looseness and other failure information and perform quantification and statistical classification analysis.
7、采用差异比较法，将机构性能良好的初始特征值（预存在处理软件模型内）与运行一段时间或搁置、修理、重装后准备实弹射击的待检机构所获取的特征值进行比对，分析供输弹机构可能存在的装配质量问题。7. Using the difference comparison method, compare the initial eigenvalues (pre-stored in the processing software model) with good performance of the mechanism with the eigenvalues obtained by the mechanism to be inspected after running for a period of time or shelving, repairing, and reinstalling to prepare for live ammunition shooting , to analyze the possible assembly quality problems of the ammunition feeding mechanism.
8、在确定供输弹机构出现装配质量问题的情况下，采用深度学习的神经网络优化方法自动寻找缺陷故障的发生位置，根据特征值的变化规律和变异程度采用相对熵和能谱技术量化供输弹机构的缺陷故障的严重程度。8. When it is determined that there is an assembly quality problem in the bomb supply and delivery mechanism, the neural network optimization method of deep learning is used to automatically find the location of the defective fault, and the relative entropy and energy spectrum technology are used to quantify the supply The severity of the defect failure of the ammunition delivery mechanism.
上述供输弹机构装配质量的声振监测与缺陷定位方法的流程如附图1所示。The flow of the acoustic vibration monitoring and defect location method for the assembly quality of the above-mentioned bomb feeding mechanism is shown in Figure 1.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. kind of change.
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