CN107017772B - A High Boost Ratio Bidirectional DC/DC Converter Based on Interleaved Parallel Structure - Google Patents
A High Boost Ratio Bidirectional DC/DC Converter Based on Interleaved Parallel Structure Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电压变换领域。The invention belongs to the field of voltage conversion.
背景技术Background technique
由于直流输电技术的成熟，直流输电本身具有的远距离、大功率、利于电网互联等特性日益展现，但同时直流输电的弊端也得到放大。直流输电母线与直流负载、直流电源之间的匹配往往比较难，因此就需要双向DC/DC变换器进行电压的变换。目前市面上的DC/DC变换器已经可以满足直流输电领域的基本要求，但是目前的双向DC/DC变换器仍存在以下几大问题：Due to the maturity of DC transmission technology, the characteristics of long-distance, high-power, and favorable for grid interconnection of DC transmission are increasingly displayed, but at the same time, the disadvantages of DC transmission have also been amplified. The matching between the DC transmission bus, the DC load and the DC power supply is often difficult, so a bidirectional DC/DC converter is required to convert the voltage. At present, the DC/DC converters on the market can already meet the basic requirements in the field of DC power transmission, but the current bidirectional DC/DC converters still have the following major problems:
1、传统的双向DC/DC功率变换器电压调整范围较小，在占空比较大或较小的极端情况下功率变换器的效率会比较低，因此便失去了直流输电的意义。1. The traditional bidirectional DC/DC power converter has a small voltage adjustment range, and the efficiency of the power converter will be relatively low in extreme cases where the duty ratio is large or small, so the significance of DC transmission is lost.
2、传统的双向DC/DC功率变换器多采用全桥结构或Buck/Boost结构。传统的拓扑结构存在开关器件多、控制困难、体积庞大、电路建模困难等缺点，同时变换器的运行可靠性较低。2. Traditional bidirectional DC/DC power converters mostly use full bridge structure or Buck/Boost structure. The traditional topology has the disadvantages of many switching devices, difficult control, bulky, and difficult circuit modeling, and at the same time, the operating reliability of the converter is low.
3、传统的双向DC/DC功率变换器直流输出纹波较大，不符合多数直流用电器纹波要求。3. The DC output ripple of the traditional bidirectional DC/DC power converter is large, which does not meet the ripple requirements of most DC electrical appliances.
4、为了降低直流输出的电压纹波，目前也存在交错并联结构的双向DC/DC变换器，但目前的交错并联结构中，并联单元均流比较困难，降低运行可靠性。4. In order to reduce the voltage ripple of the DC output, there are also bidirectional DC/DC converters with a staggered parallel structure, but in the current staggered parallel structure, it is difficult to share the current of the parallel units, which reduces the operational reliability.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明是为了解决传统的双向DC/DC功率变换器电压调整范围较小、输出效率低和输出电压纹波大的问题，本发明提供了一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器。The invention is to solve the problems of small voltage adjustment range, low output efficiency and large output voltage ripple of the traditional bidirectional DC/DC power converter. The invention provides a high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC based on an interleaved parallel structure DC converter.
一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器，它包括3个双向DC/DC变换器单体，且3个双向DC/DC变换器单体并联连接；A high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on a staggered parallel structure, which comprises three bidirectional DC/DC converter cells, and the three bidirectional DC/DC converter cells are connected in parallel;
所述的每个双向DC/DC变换器单体包括电感L1、电感L2、电感Ls、电感LP、电容C1、电容C2、二极管D1至D4、功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2和功率开关管S3；Each of the bidirectional DC/DC converter cells includes an inductor L 1 , an inductor L 2 , an inductor L s , an inductor L P , a capacitor C 1 , a capacitor C 2 , diodes D 1 to D 4 , and a power switch S 1 , power switch tube S 2 and power switch tube S 3 ;
电感L2的一端与电感LP的一端连接，电感L2的另一端与二极管D2的阴极和功率开关管S2的负端同时连接；One end of the inductor L 2 is connected to one end of the inductor LP, and the other end of the inductor L 2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S 2 at the same time;
电感LP的另一端与电感Ls的一端、二极管D1的阳极、功率开关管S1的正端同时连接；The other end of the inductance LP is connected to one end of the inductance Ls , the anode of the diode D1, and the positive end of the power switch tube S1 at the same time;
电感Ls的另一端与电容C2的一端连接，电容C2的另一端与二极管D3的阴极、功率开关管S2的正端和功率开关管S3的负端同时连接；The other end of the inductor Ls is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 , and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 , the positive end of the power switch tube S2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S3 at the same time ;
二极管D1的阴极与电容C1的一端和电感L1的一端同时连接，电感L1的另一端与二极管D3的阳极和二极管D4的阴极同时连接；The cathode of diode D1 is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and one end of inductor L1 at the same time, and the other end of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the cathode of diode D4 at the same time ;
功率开关管S1的负端与二极管D2的阳极、电容C1的另一端和二极管D4的阳极同时连接； The negative end of the power switch tube S1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 , the other end of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the diode D4 at the same time ;
电感LP和电感Ls构成耦合电感Lr，且电感LP为耦合电感Lr的原边，电感Ls为耦合电感Lr的副边；The inductance L P and the inductance L s form the coupled inductance L r , and the inductance LP is the primary side of the coupled inductance L r , and the inductance L s is the secondary side of the coupled inductance L r ;
所述的电感L2的一端和功率开关管S1的负端分别用于接入低压侧电源VL的正、负极；One end of the inductance L 2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S 1 are respectively used to connect to the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage side power supply VL ;
所述的功率开关管S3的正端和二极管D4的阳极分别用于接入高压侧电源VH的正、负极； The positive end of the power switch tube S3 and the anode of the diode D4 are respectively used to connect to the positive and negative electrodes of the high - voltage side power supply VH ;
3个双向DC/DC变换器单体中的耦合电感Lr缠绕在同一铁芯上。The coupled inductors L r in the three bidirectional DC/DC converters are wound on the same iron core.
所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器，还包括电容CL和电容CH；The high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the interleaved parallel structure further includes a capacitor CL and a capacitor CH ;
电容CL的两端分别接入低压侧电源VL的正、负极，The two ends of the capacitor CL are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage side power supply VL ,
电容CH的两端分别接入高压侧电源VH的正、负极。Both ends of the capacitor CH are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the high-voltage side power supply V H respectively.
所述的功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2和功率开关管S3均为NMOS晶体管。The power switch tube S 1 , the power switch tube S 2 and the power switch tube S 3 are all NMOS transistors.
本发明带来的有益效果是：The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are:
(1)本发明所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器可实现较高的变换效率，额定条件下双向变换器输出效率高于95.27％，且在大功率场合输出效率更高。同时变换器双向输出电压纹波均比较小，都小于±0.10％。(1) The high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the interleaved parallel structure described in the present invention can achieve higher conversion efficiency, and the output efficiency of the bidirectional converter is higher than 95.27% under rated conditions, and at high power The output efficiency of the occasion is higher. At the same time, the two-way output voltage ripple of the converter is relatively small, less than ±0.10%.
(2)对本发明所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器构成的三相系统进行小信号建模，忽略系统的高阶极点的作用，仅考虑系统中的主导极点，系统可以被简化为二阶系统。当电路工作于Boost模式时，简化后的系统传递函数的拟合度为91.43％，系统传递函数如式(10)，系统的波特图如图8所示。(2) Small-signal modeling is performed on a three-phase system composed of a high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on an interleaved parallel structure according to the present invention, ignoring the role of the high-order poles of the system, and only considering the effects of the high-order poles in the system Dominant pole, the system can be reduced to a second-order system. When the circuit works in Boost mode, the fitting degree of the simplified system transfer function is 91.43%, the system transfer function is shown in formula (10), and the system Bode diagram is shown in Figure 8.
当电路工作于Buck模式时，简化后的系统传递函数的拟合度为91.88％，系统的传递函数如式(11)，系统的波特图如图9所示。根据图8与图9所示系统波特图，可以对系统实现补偿，进行闭环系统设计，算法设计较为简单。When the circuit works in Buck mode, the fitting degree of the simplified system transfer function is 91.88%. The transfer function of the system is shown in formula (11), and the Bode diagram of the system is shown in Figure 9. According to the system Bode diagrams shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the system can be compensated and the closed-loop system can be designed, and the algorithm design is relatively simple.
(3)变换器可以实现较大的升压比。在Buck模式下，选取不同的耦合电感变比，可以测得在占空比不同的情况下的升压比，如图10所示。从图10中可以看出，在不同N值的情况下变换器升压比的倒数较大，因此可以高效率地大范围的降压变换；同时在Boost模式不同耦合电感在不同占空比情况下的升压比如图11所示。从图11可以看出，变换器可以实现大范围的升压变换，同时在进行大范围变换时保持较高效率。(3) The converter can achieve a larger boost ratio. In Buck mode, by selecting different coupling inductor transformation ratios, the boost ratio under different duty cycles can be measured, as shown in Figure 10. It can be seen from Figure 10 that the reciprocal of the boost ratio of the converter is larger under different N values, so it can perform a wide range of buck conversion with high efficiency; at the same time, in Boost mode, different coupling inductors have different duty cycles The lower boost ratio is shown in Figure 11. As can be seen from Figure 11, the converter can achieve a wide range of boost conversion while maintaining high efficiency when performing a wide range of conversion.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的双向DC/DC变换器单体的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional DC/DC converter monomer according to the present invention;
图2为本发明所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器的原理示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on a staggered parallel structure according to the present invention;
图3为在Buck模式下，功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2和功率开关管S3的控制策略图；其中，SG1为功率开关管S1的栅极接收的控制信号，SG2为功率开关管S2的栅极接收的控制信号，SG3为功率开关管S3的栅极接收的控制信号，VGS为功率开关管栅源极两端电压；FIG. 3 is a control strategy diagram of the power switch transistor S 1 , the power switch transistor S 2 and the power switch transistor S 3 in the Buck mode; wherein, S G1 is the control signal received by the gate of the power switch transistor S 1 , and S G2 is the control signal received by the gate of the power switch tube S2, S G3 is the control signal received by the gate of the power switch tube S3, and V GS is the voltage across the gate and source of the power switch tube;
图4为在Buck模式下，功率开关管S3作为功率变换开关时，双向DC/DC变换器单体(1)的波形图；其中，为耦合电感原边电流，为耦合电感副边电流，为流经电感L1的电流，为流经电感L2的电流，为开关管S1的漏源极电压，为流经开关管S1的电流，为开关管S2的漏源极电压，为流经开关管S2的电流，为开关管S3的漏源极电压，为流经开关管S3的电流；FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit (1) when the power switch tube S 3 is used as a power conversion switch in the Buck mode; wherein, is the primary current of the coupled inductor, is the secondary side current of the coupled inductor, is the current flowing through the inductor L1 , is the current flowing through the inductor L 2 , is the drain - source voltage of the switch S1, is the current flowing through the switch S1 , is the drain - source voltage of switch S2, is the current flowing through the switch S2 , is the drain - source voltage of switch S3, is the current flowing through the switch tube S3 ;
图5为在Boost模式下，功率开关管S1，与功率开关管S3在存在死区的条件下，互补控制的策略图；FIG. 5 is a strategy diagram of complementary control of power switch S 1 and power switch S 3 under the condition of dead zone in boost mode;
图6为在Boost模式下，双向DC/DC变换器单体(1)的波形图；FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit (1) in the Boost mode;
图7为交错并联法的磁芯的简化示意图；Fig. 7 is the simplified schematic diagram of the magnetic core of the staggered parallel method;
图8为在Boost模式下系统波特图；Figure 8 is the system Bode plot in Boost mode;
图9为在Buck模式下系统波特图；Figure 9 is the system Bode plot in Buck mode;
图10为Buck模式下升压比曲线图；Figure 10 is a graph of the boost ratio in Buck mode;
图11为Boost模式下升压比曲线图；Figure 11 is the boost ratio curve in Boost mode;
图12为样机输出电压波形图；Figure 12 is a waveform diagram of the output voltage of the prototype;
图13为本发明所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器的输出效率。FIG. 13 shows the output efficiency of a high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on an interleaved parallel structure according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：参见图1和图2说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器，它包括3个双向DC/DC变换器单体1，且3个双向DC/DC变换器单体1并联连接；Embodiment 1: Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , this embodiment is described. A high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on an interleaved parallel structure described in this embodiment includes three bidirectional DC/DC converters. Cell 1, and three bidirectional DC/DC converter cells 1 are connected in parallel;
所述的每个双向DC/DC变换器单体1包括电感L1、电感L2、电感Ls、电感LP、电容C1、电容C2、二极管D1至D4、功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2和功率开关管S3；Each bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 includes an inductor L 1 , an inductor L 2 , an inductor L s , an inductor L P , a capacitor C 1 , a capacitor C 2 , diodes D 1 to D 4 , and a power switch S 1. Power switch tube S2 and power switch tube S3 ;
电感L2的一端与电感LP的一端连接，电感L2的另一端与二极管D2的阴极和功率开关管S2的负端同时连接；One end of the inductor L 2 is connected to one end of the inductor LP, and the other end of the inductor L 2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S 2 at the same time;
电感LP的另一端与电感Ls的一端、二极管D1的阳极、功率开关管S1的正端同时连接；The other end of the inductance LP is connected to one end of the inductance Ls , the anode of the diode D1, and the positive end of the power switch tube S1 at the same time;
电感Ls的另一端与电容C2的一端连接，电容C2的另一端与二极管D3的阴极、功率开关管S2的正端和功率开关管S3的负端同时连接；The other end of the inductor Ls is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 , and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 , the positive end of the power switch tube S2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S3 at the same time ;
二极管D1的阴极与电容C1的一端和电感L1的一端同时连接，电感L1的另一端与二极管D3的阳极和二极管D4的阴极同时连接；The cathode of diode D1 is connected to one end of capacitor C1 and one end of inductor L1 at the same time, and the other end of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the cathode of diode D4 at the same time ;
功率开关管S1的负端与二极管D2的阳极、电容C1的另一端和二极管D4的阳极同时连接； The negative end of the power switch tube S1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 , the other end of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the diode D4 at the same time ;
电感LP和电感Ls构成耦合电感Lr，且电感LP为耦合电感Lr的原边，电感Ls为耦合电感Lr的副边；The inductance L P and the inductance L s form the coupled inductance L r , and the inductance LP is the primary side of the coupled inductance L r , and the inductance L s is the secondary side of the coupled inductance L r ;
所述的电感L2的一端和功率开关管S1的负端分别用于接入低压侧电源VL的正、负极；One end of the inductance L 2 and the negative end of the power switch tube S 1 are respectively used to connect to the positive and negative electrodes of the low-voltage side power supply VL ;
所述的功率开关管S3的正端和二极管D4的阳极分别用于接入高压侧电源VH的正、负极； The positive end of the power switch tube S3 and the anode of the diode D4 are respectively used to connect to the positive and negative electrodes of the high - voltage side power supply VH ;
3个双向DC/DC变换器单体1中的耦合电感Lr缠绕在同一铁芯上。The coupled inductors L r in the three bidirectional DC/DC converters 1 are wound on the same iron core.
本实施方式中所述的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器所示的电路具有三相对称结构，因此，原理上着重从单相电路分析发明的主要内容。The circuit shown in the high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the interleaved parallel structure described in this embodiment has a three-phase symmetrical structure. Therefore, in principle, the main content of the invention is analyzed from a single-phase circuit.
原理分析：Principle analysis:
所述的双向DC/DC变换器单体1要有五部分构成，即：低压侧电路、高压侧电路、过渡电路、钳位电路以及降压开关电路。The bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 should be composed of five parts, namely: a low-voltage side circuit, a high-voltage side circuit, a transition circuit, a clamping circuit and a step-down switch circuit.
低压侧电路包括耦合电感Lr的原边LP和功率开关管S1；低压侧电路与双向DC/DC变换器单体1的低压侧相连，与之对应的功率开关管S3便是高压侧电路，高压侧电路与电路的高压侧相连。The low-voltage side circuit includes the primary side L P of the coupled inductor L r and the power switch tube S 1 ; the low-voltage side circuit is connected to the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 , and the corresponding power switch tube S 3 is the high-voltage side side circuit, and the high-voltage side circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the circuit.
过渡电路包括耦合电感Lr的副边Ls以及电容C2，且过渡电路在连接双向DC/DC变换器单体1的高压侧与低压侧间，起到了能量缓冲的作用。The transition circuit includes the secondary side L s of the coupled inductor L r and the capacitor C 2 , and the transition circuit plays an energy buffer role between the high voltage side and the low voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 .
钳位电路包括电感L1、电容C1、二极管D1、D3、D4，目的是为了在开关管工作过程中提供电流通路、促进开关管软开关过程的形成。The clamp circuit includes an inductor L 1 , a capacitor C 1 , diodes D 1 , D 3 , and D 4 , and the purpose is to provide a current path during the operation of the switch tube and promote the formation of a soft switching process of the switch tube.
降压开关电路包括电感L2、二极管D2、功率开关管S2，组成了电路的辅助降压部分，辅助降压部分仅仅在电路的Buck模式下起作用，为电流提供必要的通路，保证电路的Buck模式顺利进行。The step-down switch circuit includes an inductor L 2 , a diode D 2 , and a power switch tube S 2 , which constitute the auxiliary step-down part of the circuit. The auxiliary step-down part only works in the Buck mode of the circuit, providing a necessary path for the current to ensure The Buck mode of the circuit goes smoothly.
(一)双向DC/DC变换器单体1的Buck模式(1) Buck mode of bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1
在Buck模式下，辅助降压部分参与功率的变换，且功率开关管S2与功率开关管S1同相位控制，与功率开关管S3在存在死区的条件下互补控制。控制策略如图3所示。In Buck mode, the auxiliary step - down part participates in the power conversion, and the power switch S2 and the power switch S1 are controlled in phase, and the power switch S3 is controlled complementarily under the condition of dead time. The control strategy is shown in Figure 3.
在Buck模式下，双向DC/DC变换器单体1电路共有七个模态。在电路的工作模态中，功率开关管S3为功率变换开关，而开关管S1与S2在此过程中主要起到辅助作用，而S2开通时，工作于同步整流状态。在Buck模式下双向DC/DC变换器单体1的主要波形如图4所示。In Buck mode, the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 circuit has a total of seven modes. In the working mode of the circuit, the power switch S3 is a power conversion switch, and the switches S1 and S2 mainly play an auxiliary role in this process, and when S2 is turned on , it works in a synchronous rectification state. The main waveform of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 in the Buck mode is shown in Figure 4.
从图3中可以看出，双向DC/DC变换器单体1中的开关管均可以零电压开通，均可以实现软开关状态以大大减小电路的损耗。在t0-t1时刻，S3开通，VH-S3-C2-Ls-LP-VL构成了电流的一个通路，根据回路电压定律，可以得到电压VH的表达式，如式1：It can be seen from FIG. 3 that all the switches in the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 can be turned on at zero voltage, and all can achieve a soft switching state to greatly reduce the loss of the circuit. At time t 0 -t 1 , S 3 is turned on, and V H -S 3 -C 2 -L s -L P -V L constitutes a current path. According to the law of loop voltage, the expression of voltage V H can be obtained, Such as formula 1:
由于LP和Ls是耦合电感Lr的原边与副边，假设耦合电感Lr的变比为N，则副边电压可以写成则式(1)可以写成：Since L P and L s are the primary and secondary sides of the coupled inductance L r , assuming that the transformation ratio of the coupled inductance L r is N, the secondary voltage can be written as The formula (1) can be written as:
以此类推，在t3-t4时刻，对于可以写成同时由于双向DC/DC变换器单体1的死区时间比较短，因此，可以认为d1+d3＝1，故：And so on, at time t 3 -t 4 , for can be written as At the same time, because the dead time of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 is relatively short, it can be considered that d 1 +d 3 =1, so:
因此，公式2可以整理为：Therefore, Equation 2 can be organized as:
综合，通过公式1至公式4，可以写出双向DC/DC变换器单体1在Buck模式下的升压比如式5所示：In summary, through Equation 1 to Equation 4, the boost ratio of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 in Buck mode can be written As shown in Equation 5:
(二)双向DC/DC变换器单体1的Boost模式(2) Boost mode of bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1
在Boost模式下，电路的辅助降压部分不参与功率的变换，开关管S1，与开关管S3在存在死区的条件下互补控制。控制策略如图5所示。In the Boost mode, the auxiliary step-down part of the circuit does not participate in the power conversion, and the switch S 1 and the switch S 3 are complementarily controlled under the condition of dead zone. The control strategy is shown in Figure 5.
在Boost模式下，由于降压辅助电路不参与功率变换，因此，相关的电路模态也有所减少，共有6个不同的工作模态，而开关管S3开通时，则双向DC/DC变换器单体1工作于同步整流状态，可以进一步减小电路中的损耗。在Boost模式下双向DC/DC变换器单体1的主要波形如图6所示。In the Boost mode, since the step-down auxiliary circuit does not participate in the power conversion, the related circuit modes are also reduced, and there are 6 different working modes. When the switch S3 is turned on, the bidirectional DC/DC converter The unit 1 works in a synchronous rectification state, which can further reduce the loss in the circuit. The main waveform of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1 in the boost mode is shown in FIG. 6 .
从图6中可以看出，电路中的开关管均可以零电压开通，均可以实现软开关状态以大大减小电路的损耗。在t0-t1时刻，S1开通，此时C2-Ls-S1-C1-L1-D1构成了电流的一个通路，此时，电感L1的电感电流变换率很小，因此，电感L1上的电压可以忽略，因此根据回路电压定律，有It can be seen from Fig. 6 that all switches in the circuit can be turned on at zero voltage, and all can achieve a soft switching state to greatly reduce the loss of the circuit. At time t 0 -t 1 , S 1 is turned on, at this time C 2 -L s -S 1 -C 1 -L 1 -D 1 constitutes a current path, at this time, the inductor current conversion rate of inductor L 1 is very high is small, therefore, the voltage across the inductance L1 is negligible , so according to the loop voltage law, there is
以此类推，在t2-t3时刻，VL-LP-D1-C1构成回路，因此，如式(7)所示，同时认为死区时间较短可以忽略不计，因此，可以表示出VH的电压，如式(8)，By analogy, at t2-t3 time, VL -L P -D 1 -C 1 forms a loop, therefore, As shown in equation (7), at the same time, it is considered that the dead time is short and can be ignored. Therefore, the voltage of V H can be expressed, as in equation (8),
综合，以上式6至式8，可以写出双向DC/DC变换器单体(1)在Boost模式下的升压比，如(9)所示In summary, the above equations 6 to 8 can write the boost ratio of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit (1) in the boost mode, as shown in (9)
(三)新型交错并联均流方式(3) New staggered parallel current sharing method
在进行双向DC/CD变换器交错并联时，电流分配不均经常是一个造成设备稳定性差的重要原因，因此，本发明利用电路中的耦合电感Lr，设计了新型交错并联方式。在并联过程中，将3个双向DC/DC变换器单体1的耦合电感Lr均缠绕在同一铁芯上，本发明可合理设计铁芯上线圈的空间距离与线圈的缠绕方式，便可以实现不同相的均流。该种均流方法操作简单，成本较低，避免了用的外特性下垂均流法、有源均流法存在的操作复杂、成本较高、可靠性低的弊端。本发明的新型交错并联法的磁芯的简化示意图如图7所示。When bidirectional DC/CD converters are staggered and connected in parallel, uneven current distribution is often an important cause of poor equipment stability. Therefore, the present invention designs a new staggered parallel method by utilizing the coupled inductor L r in the circuit. In the parallel process, the coupled inductances L r of the three bidirectional DC/DC converters 1 are wound on the same iron core. The present invention can reasonably design the spatial distance of the coils on the iron core and the winding method of the coils, so that the Realize the current sharing of different phases. The current sharing method is simple in operation and low in cost, and avoids the disadvantages of complicated operation, high cost and low reliability of the external characteristic sag current sharing method and the active current sharing method. A simplified schematic diagram of the magnetic core of the novel staggered parallel method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 .
验证试验:Verification test:
为了验证本发明所提出的一种基于交错并联结构的高升压比双向DC/DC变换器的设计的正确性，搭建了交错并联的双向变换器样机进行实验。样机的控制部分选用ATMEL公司的AT90PWM2型单片机，该型号单片机运算速度快，同时内部具有PSC模块，利于电压检测以及PWM波输出。为实现强驱动能力，驱动芯片选用专用控制和芯片IR2104进行电路驱动。单相双向DC/DC功率变换器元件参数如表1所示，fs表示系统工作的频率。In order to verify the correctness of the design of a high boost ratio bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the staggered parallel structure proposed in the present invention, a prototype of the staggered parallel bidirectional converter was built for experiments. The control part of the prototype adopts the AT90PWM2 single-chip microcomputer of ATMEL Company. This type of single-chip microcomputer has a fast operation speed and has a PSC module inside, which is conducive to voltage detection and PWM wave output. In order to achieve strong driving capability, the driver chip selects dedicated control and chip IR2104 for circuit driving. The component parameters of the single-phase bidirectional DC/DC power converter are shown in Table 1, and f s represents the frequency of the system operation.
表1双向DC/DC变换器单体1的元器件参数Table 1 Component parameters of the bidirectional DC/DC converter unit 1
2、样机实验结果2. Prototype test results
以变换器输入电压24V、耦合电感Lr变比N＝2的样机进行试验，任选占空比D＝0.52，经实验测试电路输出电压为200V，纹波较小，输出电压波形如图12所示。The test is carried out with the prototype of the converter input voltage 24V and the coupling inductance L r ratio N=2, optional duty cycle D=0.52, the output voltage of the circuit is 200V after the experimental test, the ripple is small, and the output voltage waveform is shown in Figure 12 shown.
同时在VL＝24V，VH＝200V电压条件下，选取不同的负载，在不同的功率等级条件下对电路的功率进行测量。测量结果如图13所示，从图13中可以看出，电路在宽输入范围、宽负载调整率的情况下都具有较高的效率，在输出功率约等于300W的负载条件下输出功率最大，超过了95％。At the same time, under the condition of VL = 24V, V H = 200V, select different loads, and measure the power of the circuit under the condition of different power levels. The measurement results are shown in Figure 13. It can be seen from Figure 13 that the circuit has high efficiency in the case of wide input range and wide load regulation rate, and the output power is the largest under the load condition of output power equal to about 300W, more than 95%.
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| CN108199579B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2020-04-10 | 厦门大学 | High-transformation-ratio soft-switching DC-DC buck converter with coupling inductor |
| CN109980934A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The two-way DC/DC converter of the high no-load voltage ratio of high frequency based on coupling inductance |
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