CN107014702A - A kind of rock joint shear experimental rig - Google Patents
A kind of rock joint shear experimental rig Download PDFInfo
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- CN107014702A CN107014702A CN201710256339.1A CN201710256339A CN107014702A CN 107014702 A CN107014702 A CN 107014702A CN 201710256339 A CN201710256339 A CN 201710256339A CN 107014702 A CN107014702 A CN 107014702A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种岩石节理剪切试验装置，包括对称设置的上剪切盒、下剪切盒，上剪切盒和下剪切盒的中部均设有用于放置岩石节理试样的空腔，下剪切盒固定安装在底座上，岩石节理试样的顶部压有金属块，上剪切盒和下剪切盒的中部设有凹槽，凹槽连通空腔的一端，且凹槽的宽度与空腔的宽度相同，其在剪切方向的长度略大于试验所发生的剪切位移。与现有技术相比，本发明在上、下剪切盒接触的地方加工槽道并放置滚柱排，利用滚柱排将上剪切盒垫高，与下剪切盒之间留出和节理面粗糙度相当的空隙；且加入滚柱排后，可减少上、下剪切盒的接触面积，减少剪切移动过程中两剪切盒间的摩阻力对试验的影响。
The invention relates to a rock joint shear test device, which comprises a symmetrically arranged upper shear box and a lower shear box. The middle parts of the upper shear box and the lower shear box are both provided with cavities for placing rock joint samples. The lower shear box is fixedly installed on the base, and the top of the rock joint sample is pressed with a metal block. There is a groove in the middle of the upper shear box and the lower shear box. The groove is connected to one end of the cavity, and the width of the groove is Same as the width of the cavity, its length in the shear direction is slightly larger than the shear displacement that occurs in the test. Compared with the prior art, the present invention processes grooves and places roller rows where the upper and lower shear boxes touch, uses the roller rows to raise the upper shear box, and leaves and The roughness of the joint surface is equivalent to the gap; and after adding the roller row, the contact area of the upper and lower shear boxes can be reduced, and the influence of the frictional resistance between the two shear boxes during the shearing movement on the test can be reduced.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及岩石节理渗流试验，具体涉及一种岩石节理剪切试验装置。The invention relates to a rock joint seepage test, in particular to a rock joint shear test device.
背景技术Background technique
节理岩体是地下洞室、隧道、采矿、水利水电和边坡等各种岩体工程中经常遇到的一种复杂岩体。在地质作用过程中，岩体中产生了大量不同规模的节理。与完整岩块相比，节理的抗剪强度较低，是岩体中的弱面，因而岩体的力学性质在很大程度上取决于节理的剪切力学性质。Jointed rock mass is a complex rock mass often encountered in various rock mass projects such as underground caverns, tunnels, mining, water conservancy and hydropower, and slopes. During the geological process, a large number of joints of different scales are produced in the rock mass. Compared with the intact rock block, the shear strength of the joint is lower, and it is a weak surface in the rock mass, so the mechanical properties of the rock mass depend to a large extent on the shear mechanical properties of the joint.
在实际工程中，节理面的剪切的发生过程有多种因素共同作用，法向荷载、剪切荷载和岩石材料、节理面三维形貌等因素都对节理剪切有影响。在试验室中要得到可靠的试验结果，试验过程的剪切条件模拟必须和实际情况一致。现有的岩石节理剪切试验装置中，有的剪切装置中节理试样在移动过程中会碰撞剪切盒，导致剪切结果有误差；有的在上下剪切盒之间存在较大摩擦力，使得作用于节理面的剪切荷载发生变化，不易测得；有的剪切试验装置限定了节理面剪切的方向，会出现剪断现象，与实际工程中节理面剪切变形的情况不符；另外，由于剪切盒的重量较大，在搬运安装过程中较为不便。In actual engineering, the shearing process of the joint surface is caused by many factors. Factors such as normal load, shear load, rock material, and three-dimensional shape of the joint surface all affect the joint shearing. In order to obtain reliable test results in the laboratory, the shear condition simulation of the test process must be consistent with the actual situation. In the existing rock joint shear test devices, in some shear devices, the joint sample will collide with the shear box during the movement process, resulting in errors in the shear results; in some shear devices, there is a large friction between the upper and lower shear boxes force, so that the shear load acting on the joint surface changes, which is difficult to measure; some shear test devices limit the shear direction of the joint surface, and there will be a shear phenomenon, which is inconsistent with the shear deformation of the joint surface in actual engineering ; In addition, due to the heavy weight of the shear box, it is more inconvenient in the process of handling and installation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种模拟结果更真实、测量更准确、安装更便利的岩石节理剪切试验装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a rock joint shear test device with more realistic simulation results, more accurate measurement and more convenient installation in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：一种岩石节理剪切试验装置，所述装置包括对称设置的上剪切盒、下剪切盒，所述上剪切盒和下剪切盒的中部均设有用于放置岩石节理试样的空腔，所述下剪切盒固定安装在底座上，所述岩石节理试样的顶部压有金属块，其中，岩石节理试样包括岩石节理上剪切块、岩石节理下剪切块以及位于两者之间的节理面，所述上剪切盒和下剪切盒的中部设有凹槽，所述凹槽连通空腔的一端，且凹槽的宽度与空腔的宽度相同，剪切方向的宽度略大于试验产生的剪切位移。由于在剪切过程中，节理试件上、下剪切块之间会发生相对位移，如果没有凹槽，试件错开的部分会与剪切盒发生碰撞，受到外力作用，这对于节理的最终变形状态产生影响，更有甚者，试件发生破坏，试验无法继续进行下去。所以在上剪切盒和下剪切盒空腔的一端设置一个凹槽作为缓冲带，且该凹槽的在剪切方向的长度略大于岩石节理试样的移动距离，可以很好避免这种情况的发生。The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a rock joint shear test device, the device includes a symmetrically arranged upper shear box and a lower shear box, the upper shear box and the lower shear box The middle part is provided with a cavity for placing rock joint samples, the lower shear box is fixedly installed on the base, and a metal block is pressed on the top of the rock joint samples, wherein the rock joint samples include rock joint upper shear boxes. The cutting block, the lower shearing block of rock joints and the joint surface between them, the middle of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are provided with a groove, and the groove communicates with one end of the cavity, and the groove The width of the cavity is the same as that of the cavity, and the width in the shear direction is slightly larger than the shear displacement generated by the test. Due to the relative displacement between the upper and lower shear blocks of the joint specimen during the shearing process, if there is no groove, the staggered part of the specimen will collide with the shear box and be affected by external force, which will affect the final joint. The deformation state is affected, what's more, the specimen is damaged, and the test cannot continue. Therefore, a groove is set at one end of the cavity of the upper shear box and the lower shear box as a buffer zone, and the length of the groove in the shear direction is slightly larger than the moving distance of the rock joint sample, which can well avoid this the occurrence of the situation.
所述的上剪切盒呈L型，包括一块水平顶板以及设置在水平顶板一端且与水平顶板一体成型的竖直板，所述竖直板的顶端与水平顶板的顶端齐平，竖直板的底端低于水平顶板的底端；所述空腔设置在水平顶板的中部，且在水平顶板下表面设有凹槽，所述凹槽紧靠在空腔靠近竖直板的一端，所述竖直板的一侧固定，所述水平顶板的下表面设有两条平行的槽道，所述槽道位于空腔两条长侧边的两侧，且与长侧边平行。The upper shear box is L-shaped, comprising a horizontal top plate and a vertical plate arranged at one end of the horizontal top plate and integrally formed with the horizontal top plate, the top of the vertical plate is flush with the top of the horizontal top plate, and the vertical plate The bottom end of the horizontal top plate is lower than the bottom end of the horizontal top plate; the cavity is arranged in the middle of the horizontal top plate, and a groove is provided on the lower surface of the horizontal top plate, and the groove is close to the end of the cavity close to the vertical plate, so One side of the vertical plate is fixed, and the lower surface of the horizontal top plate is provided with two parallel channels, and the channels are located on both sides of the two long sides of the cavity and are parallel to the long sides.
所述的下剪切盒呈L型，包括一块水平底板以及设置在水平底板一端且与水平底板一体成型的垂直板，所述垂直板的底端与水平底板的顶端齐平，垂直板的底端低于水平底板的底端；所述空腔设置在水平底板的中部，且在水平底板上表面设有凹槽，所述凹槽紧靠在空腔靠近垂直板的一端，所述水平底板的上表面设有两条平行的槽道，所述槽道位于空腔两条长侧边的两侧，且与长侧边平行。The lower shear box is L-shaped, comprising a horizontal base plate and a vertical plate arranged at one end of the horizontal base plate and integrally formed with the horizontal base plate, the bottom of the vertical plate is flush with the top of the horizontal base plate, and the bottom of the vertical plate The end is lower than the bottom end of the horizontal bottom plate; the cavity is arranged in the middle of the horizontal bottom plate, and a groove is arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate, and the groove is close to the end of the cavity close to the vertical plate, and the horizontal bottom plate Two parallel grooves are arranged on the upper surface of the cavity, and the grooves are located on both sides of the two long sides of the cavity and are parallel to the long sides.
安装时，所述上剪切盒下表面的槽道与下剪切盒上表面的槽道重合，且在槽道内放置滚珠排，滚珠排高度略大于节理面凸起粗糙度。这种设置可将岩石节理剪切过程中上下剪切盒滑动接触转换为滚动接触，且能保证岩石节理按照其天然节理面进行剪切。During installation, the channel on the lower surface of the upper shear box coincides with the channel on the upper surface of the lower shear box, and a ball row is placed in the channel, and the height of the ball row is slightly larger than the convex roughness of the joint surface. This setting can convert the sliding contact of the upper and lower shear boxes into rolling contact during the rock joint shearing process, and can ensure that the rock joints are sheared according to their natural joint planes.
所述下盒体上表面中轴线的两端设有内螺纹孔，所述上盒体上表面中轴线的两端也设有内螺纹孔，将带有吊孔的螺丝旋入螺孔中，搬运时，通过吊机勾住螺丝，就可以较为方便的移动上下剪切盒。The two ends of the central axis of the upper surface of the lower box body are provided with internally threaded holes, and the two ends of the central axis of the upper surface of the upper box body are also provided with internally threaded holes, and the screws with hanging holes are screwed into the screw holes. When transporting, the upper and lower shear boxes can be moved more conveniently by hooking the screws through the crane.
所述下盒体垂直板的顶端设有两个剪切位移测台。Two shear displacement measuring platforms are arranged on the top of the vertical plate of the lower box body.
所述剪切位移测台呈L型，剪切位移测试台上安装位移传感器。The shear displacement test platform is L-shaped, and a displacement sensor is installed on the shear displacement test platform.
所述金属块上部的四个顶角处设有法向位移测台。The four corners of the upper part of the metal block are provided with a normal displacement measuring platform.
所述法向位移测台呈L型，法向位移测台的竖直边与金属块侧边的顶部固定，法向位移测台的水平边与金属块的顶面齐平，所述法向位移测台安装位移传感器。The normal displacement measuring platform is L-shaped, the vertical side of the normal displacement measuring platform is fixed to the top of the side of the metal block, the horizontal side of the normal displacement measuring platform is flush with the top surface of the metal block, and the normal displacement measuring platform is flush with the top surface of the metal block. Displacement sensors are installed on the displacement measuring platform.
在试验过程中，金属块体与法向加载系统接触、下剪切盒的一端与剪切向加载系统接触，无法直接通过他们测量法向位移和剪切向位移。因此，通过在金属块体侧边嵌固上表面与金属块上表面持平的法向位移测台，和嵌固在下剪切盒上的剪切位移测台，将其平面延伸，可以放置LVDT位移计，测量试验过程中发生的位移。During the test, the metal block is in contact with the normal loading system, and one end of the lower shear box is in contact with the shear loading system, so the normal displacement and shear displacement cannot be measured directly through them. Therefore, by embedding the normal displacement measuring platform whose upper surface is equal to the upper surface of the metal block on the side of the metal block, and the shear displacement measuring platform embedded on the lower shear box, and extending its plane, the LVDT displacement can be placed. gauge to measure the displacement that occurred during the test.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果体现在以下几方面：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:
(1)、通过设置凹槽，可以避免节理试件在剪切过程中与剪切盒发生碰撞，节理不会受到试验要求以外的荷载作用，保证试验顺利开展；(1) By setting the groove, the collision between the joint specimen and the shear box during the shearing process can be avoided, and the joint will not be subjected to loads other than the test requirements, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the test;
(2)、在上、下剪切盒接触的地方加工槽道并放置滚柱排，利用滚柱排将上剪切盒垫高，与下剪切盒之间留出和节理面粗糙度相当的空隙；且加入滚柱排后，可减少上、下剪切盒的接触面积，减少剪切移动过程中两剪切盒间的摩阻力对试验的影响；(2) Process the groove and place the roller row at the place where the upper and lower shearing boxes are in contact, and use the roller row to raise the upper shearing box so that the gap between the lower shearing box and the roughness of the joint surface is equivalent The gap; and after adding the roller row, the contact area of the upper and lower shear boxes can be reduced, and the influence of the frictional resistance between the two shear boxes during the shearing movement on the test can be reduced;
(3)、上、下剪切盒的“L”型角构造可以防止因操作失误所导致的过度剪切节理面的现象出现；(3) The "L"-shaped angle structure of the upper and lower shear boxes can prevent excessive shearing of the joint surface caused by operational errors;
(4)、传递均布法向荷载的金属块体有一定高度嵌入剪切装置空腔体中，能有效阻止因金属块体与试件表面摩擦力小而发生滑移的意外事件。(4) The metal block that transmits the uniform normal load has a certain height embedded in the cavity of the shearing device, which can effectively prevent accidents of slipping due to the small friction between the metal block and the surface of the test piece.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构正视图；Fig. 1 is a structural front view of the present invention;
图2为本发明的结构俯视图；Fig. 2 is a structural top view of the present invention;
图3为图2中A-A的剖面图；Fig. 3 is the sectional view of A-A in Fig. 2;
图4为本发明的结构左视图；Fig. 4 is the structure left view of the present invention;
图5为本发明上剪切盒仰视图；Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the upper shear box of the present invention;
图6为本发明下剪切盒俯视图。Fig. 6 is a top view of the lower shear box of the present invention.
其中，1为底座，2为内螺纹孔，3为上剪切盒，4为下剪切盒，5为岩石节理上剪切块，6为岩石节理下剪切块，7为空腔，8为凹槽，9为槽道，10为滚珠排，11为金属块，12为节理面，13为法向位移侧台，14为剪切位移侧台。Among them, 1 is the base, 2 is the internal thread hole, 3 is the upper shear box, 4 is the lower shear box, 5 is the upper shear block of the rock joint, 6 is the lower shear block of the rock joint, 7 is the cavity, 8 1 is a groove, 9 is a channel, 10 is a ball row, 11 is a metal block, 12 is a joint surface, 13 is a normal displacement side platform, and 14 is a shear displacement side platform.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
实施例1Example 1
一种岩石节理剪切试验装置，其结构如图1～图6所示，该岩石节理剪切试验装置包括底座1，设置在下剪切盒4的下方，通过机械加工使两者成为一个刚体。上剪切盒3覆于下剪切盒4上方，两者中部均设有空腔7，且重合后用于放置岩石节理试样，岩石节理试样的上方压有一块金属块11。岩石节理试样的中轴线上为节理面12，将该岩石节理试样分为岩石节理上剪切块5和岩石节理上剪切块6。上剪切盒3和下剪切盒4的上表面中轴线的两端开设了两个内螺纹孔2，将带有吊孔的螺栓旋入内螺纹孔2固定，可以用起重机移动上下剪切盒。上剪切盒3和下剪切盒4左右两侧接触面上均加工出一定深度的槽道9，且安装时上剪切盒3和下剪切盒4的槽道9重合，将滚柱排10嵌入到槽道9中，放置上剪切盒3时，滚柱排9的高度使得上下剪切盒间留有一定高度的空隙。A rock joint shear test device, the structure of which is shown in Figures 1 to 6, the rock joint shear test device includes a base 1, which is arranged below the lower shear box 4, and the two are made into a rigid body by machining. The upper shear box 3 covers the top of the lower shear box 4, and the middle part of both is provided with a cavity 7, which is used to place rock joint samples after overlapping, and a piece of metal block 11 is pressed above the rock joint samples. The central axis of the rock joint sample is a joint surface 12 , and the rock joint sample is divided into a rock joint upper shear block 5 and a rock joint upper shear block 6 . Two internally threaded holes 2 are provided at the two ends of the central axis of the upper surface of the upper shear box 3 and the lower shear box 4, and the bolts with lifting holes are screwed into the internally threaded holes 2 to fix them, and the upper and lower shear boxes can be moved by a crane . Grooves 9 of a certain depth are processed on the contact surfaces of the left and right sides of the upper shear box 3 and the lower shear box 4, and the grooves 9 of the upper shear box 3 and the lower shear box 4 overlap during installation, and the rollers Row 10 is embedded in channel 9, and when upper shearing box 3 is placed, the height of roller row 9 makes the gap of certain height be reserved between upper and lower shearing boxes.
如图5和图6所示，两个剪切盒中的空腔7的一侧都有一个稍低于剪切盒表面的凹槽8，在节理剪切方向上的宽度要略大于节理剪切的位移，其作用是防止在试件剪切过程中与剪切盒发生接触、摩擦，对试件产生二次荷载作用。As shown in Figures 5 and 6, one side of the cavity 7 in the two shear boxes has a groove 8 slightly lower than the surface of the shear box, and the width in the joint shear direction is slightly larger than that of the joint shear. Its function is to prevent contact and friction with the shear box during the shearing process of the specimen, and to produce secondary loads on the specimen.
在金属块11上部的四个角处，用直角状不锈钢设置4个法向位移测台13，在下剪切盒4剪切方向的前端，用直角状不锈钢设置2个剪切位移测台14。At the four corners of the metal block 11 top, four normal displacement measuring platforms 13 are set with right-angled stainless steel, and two shear displacement measuring platforms 14 are set with right-angled stainless steel at the front end of the shearing direction of the lower shear box 4 .
本发明中，利用滚柱排还可以减小上下剪切盒接触时产生的摩阻力对节理剪切的影响，提高试验的准确性。In the present invention, the use of the roller row can also reduce the influence of the frictional resistance generated when the upper and lower shear boxes are in contact with the joint shear, and improve the accuracy of the test.
使用该剪切装置开展岩石节理剪切试验具体步骤如下：The specific steps of using the shear device to carry out the rock joint shear test are as follows:
(1)岩石节理试件尺寸为200mm×100mm×100mm，节理剪切方向长度为200mm，节理面处于侧面的水平中轴线上下。试件可采用人工模拟天然节理试件或水泥砂浆复制天然节理试件。制作试件时，先选取尺寸相近、表面完整、无明显损坏的岩石材料进行加工，采用巴西劈裂法人工模拟天然节理面。对于复制节理试件，以天然节理或人工模拟的节理为模板，再用一定质量配比的水、水泥、砂浆制成的材料对节理面进行复制。(1) The size of the rock joint specimen is 200 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm, the length of the joint shear direction is 200 mm, and the joint surface is above and below the horizontal central axis of the side. The specimens can be artificially simulated natural joint specimens or cement mortar to replicate natural joint specimens. When making the test piece, the rock material with similar size, complete surface and no obvious damage is selected for processing, and the natural joint surface is artificially simulated by the Brazilian splitting method. For replicating joint specimens, natural joints or artificially simulated joints are used as templates, and then materials made of water, cement, and mortar with a certain mass ratio are used to replicate the joint surface.
(2)清理剪切装置，将下剪切盒起吊移动至法向加载框架球形万向压头的下方，在剪切盒空腔内平整放入试件。确认下剪切盒的槽道内已将滚柱排嵌固完毕，再将上剪切盒覆于其上方。此时，把金属块平稳地放在试件上表面。再将LVDT位移计放置在法向位移测台和剪切位移测台上。最后，将整个剪切装置移动至球形万向压头的正下方，启动试验系统，法向预加载使球形万向压头与金属块接触，此时的法向荷载不宜过大，一般为0.5kN。检查无误后，在法向施加试验所需的边界条件，而后，操作水平向加载系统与剪切装置接触，接触时应力一般也是0.5kN，进程正常时，继续按照规范要求的剪切速率进行试验，剪切过程上剪切盒相对剪切系统固定不动，水平向加载器作用于下剪切盒4，使其发生剪切位移，直至完成。(2) Clean the shearing device, lift the lower shearing box and move it to the lower part of the spherical universal indenter of the normal loading frame, and place the test piece in the cavity of the shearing box evenly. Confirm that the roller row has been embedded in the groove of the lower shear box, and then cover the upper shear box on top of it. At this time, place the metal block on the upper surface of the test piece stably. Then place the LVDT displacement gauge on the normal displacement measuring platform and the shearing displacement measuring platform. Finally, move the entire shearing device directly below the spherical universal indenter, start the test system, and preload the normal direction so that the spherical universal indenter contacts the metal block. The normal load at this time should not be too large, generally 0.5 kN. After the inspection is correct, apply the boundary conditions required for the test in the normal direction, and then operate the horizontal loading system to contact the shear device. The stress during contact is generally 0.5kN. When the process is normal, continue to test according to the shear rate required by the specification , the upper shear box is fixed relative to the shear system during the shearing process, and the horizontal loader acts on the lower shear box 4 to cause a shear displacement until it is completed.
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