CN107011931A - Reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy utilization, in particular to a reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction device, which includes a reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor, and the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor includes a shell in which a Conical reaction cylinder with openings on the top and bottom of the reaction cylinder, and a screw auger concentrically arranged in the reaction cylinder. The rotation direction of the auger is opposite, and the rotation speed of the auger is greater than that of the reaction cylinder. The invention has perfect structure, environmental protection and practicality, and good pyrolysis effect.

Description

Reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy utilization, in particular to a reverse concentric rotating pyrolysis reaction device.

Background technique

Biomass pyrolysis liquefaction technology is a very promising thermochemical conversion technology, which can convert loose agricultural and forestry waste into high-energy-density bio-oil, and prepare bio-based liquid fuel and high-value conversion for subsequent intensive refining and upgrading. Chemicals provide the basis for seamless integration with existing related applications. As far as biomass cracking and liquefaction technology is concerned, there are various forms of biomass cracking and bio-oil production systems, but the mainstream equipment must have the following characteristics: (1) stable production, low cost, and stable operation for a long time; (2) stable bio-oil composition , which can ensure the stable process of the downstream processing system; (3) The composition of bio-oil can be adjusted to meet the needs of different users. The above basic requirements are the cornerstone of the future development of biomass cracking and liquefaction technology, which can ensure that biomass cracking and liquefaction technology, as a means of concentrating biomass resources, is a route for decentralized liquefaction, centralized treatment, and industrialized large-scale utilization of biomass energy. starting point.

At present, many different types of biomass pyrolysis liquefaction systems have been developed at home and abroad, and demonstration devices have been established. For example, Canadian Ensyn and Dynamotive companies have established fluidized bed pyrolysis systems with a daily processing capacity of 75 tons and 200 tons respectively. Demonstration factory. The Netherlands BTG company has established a rotating cone pyrolysis device with a processing capacity of 2 tons/hour; Germany's Pytec company is currently building an ablation reactor with a processing capacity of 2 tons/hour. The fluidized bed pyrolysis and liquefaction system developed by the University of Science and Technology of China in China is industrialized by Eneng Company, and a total of 2 sets of 10,000-ton/year production capacity devices have been built; Shandong University of Technology has built a 300 kg/hour processing capacity. Tube pyrolysis liquefaction pilot plant.

Most of the energy required by the above-mentioned pyrolysis system is obtained through the combustion of coal, biomass, etc. and the direct use of electric energy, which greatly increases the production cost of biofuel and causes new pollution. The high-temperature waste flue gas waste heat produced by coal-fired power plant boilers and iron-making and steel-making blast furnaces can just meet the heat requirements for biomass thermal cracking and liquefaction, provide "free" energy for the production of biofuel, and effectively solve the biomass energy production process. Excessive energy consumption, high production costs and other problems.

The pyrolysis reactor in the prior art is mainly based on a fluidized bed, which has high requirements on the type and particle size of materials, poor adaptability, and needs to be fed with carrier gas. The carrier gas is used to agitate the biomass material to speed up the pyrolysis reaction, and the incoming carrier gas flows into the subsequent condensation and liquefaction process, which increases the cooling load and reduces the efficiency of bio-oil collection. The downcomer reactor developed by Shandong University of Technology does not require carrier gas, but in order to ensure sufficient reaction time, the reaction tube must have sufficient length, resulting in a large structural size; since the reaction time is determined by the length and angle of the reaction tube, the reaction time Difficult to adjust.

In addition, biomass raw materials or charcoal ash will adhere to the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor, which will affect the heat and mass transfer effect. The inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor needs to be cleaned regularly, which will increase the difficulty of equipment maintenance and increase production costs.

The above-mentioned defects in the biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction process greatly affect the cost of biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction to produce oil, and restrict the industrial application of the prior art.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a novel counter-concentric rotating pyrolysis reaction device with simple and durable structure, environmental protection, energy saving and high thermal efficiency.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction device, including a reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor, the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor includes a shell, a conical reaction cylinder is arranged inside the shell, and the conical structure is the upper end A structure with a diameter greater than that of the lower end. Openings are set on the upper and bottom of the reaction cylinder, and the screw auger is arranged concentrically in the reaction cylinder. The pitch of the screw auger gradually decreases from top to bottom. The direction of rotation is opposite, and the rotation speed of the auger is greater than the rotation speed of the reaction cylinder.

A multi-layer flue gas baffle is arranged between the shell and the reaction cylinder, and the baffles of the upper opening and the baffles of the lower opening are arranged alternately in sequence, forming a tortuous flue gas passage between the baffles, increasing the The residence time of flue gas in the shell. The lower part of the shell is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the upper part of the shell is equipped with a flue gas outlet. The flue gas circulates in the cavity formed by the baffle plate to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction in the reaction cylinder. The flue gas comes from a coal-fired power station. High-temperature waste flue gas produced by boilers and blast furnaces for iron and steelmaking.

The upper opening of the reaction cylinder is connected to the biomass feeder and the carrier storage bin, and the biomass material and the carrier are mixed into the reaction cylinder according to a certain ratio. The opening at the bottom of the reaction cylinder is connected to a solid separator, and the solid separator separates the pyrolysis steam from the solid, and the solid includes a carrier and carbon ash.

The bottom of the solid separator is provided with a carrier screw conveyor and a carrier outlet to send out the circulating heat carrier and carbon ash. The carrier outlet is connected to the riser burner, the riser burner is connected to the carrier storage bin, and the carrier storage bin is connected to the upper opening of the reaction cylinder through a flow control valve. The combustible components of the heat carrier and carbon ash are fully burned in the riser burner, and the carrier is heated at the same time. The heated carrier is sent back to the carrier storage bin. The carrier storage bin is connected to the upper inlet of the reaction cylinder through the flow control valve, and the carrier re-enters the reaction cylinder. recycle.

The pyrolysis steam outlet of the solid separator is connected to a liquefaction cooling device, and the liquefaction cooling device condenses and liquefies the pyrolysis steam to obtain biomass oil.

The reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction device includes a scraper conveyor, and the scraper conveyor is used to provide biomass materials. The scraper conveyor is connected to the material dryer, the material dryer is connected to the storage box, the storage box is connected to the biomass feeder, and the biomass feeder is connected to the upper inlet of the reaction cylinder. The flue gas outlet on the upper part of the pyrolysis reactor shell is connected to the material dryer, and the waste heat of the flue gas is fully used to dry the biomass material.

The carrier is selected from one of yellow sand, coal gangue, quartz sand, stainless steel balls or ceramic heat storage balls, and the hardness of the carrier is greater than that of the biomass raw material.

In order to achieve a more optimized structural arrangement, the motor is connected to the reaction cylinder through a chain and sprocket structure, and the driving motor of the auger is connected to the vertical shaft at the center of the auger.

The working process of pyrolysis production biomass oil of the present invention is:

Biomass material and carrier particles are sent to the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction at a certain volume ratio (can be changed from 1:1 to 100:1 according to needs) under the action of biomass feeder and flow control valve. inside the conical reaction tube of the device. The high-temperature waste gas (above 600°C) produced by coal-fired power plant boilers and iron-making and steel-making blast furnaces is sent into the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor, and flows through the flue gas channel composed of gas baffles in sequence. The flue gas is discharged from the outlet, and the high-temperature waste flue gas provides heat for the pyrolysis reaction in the reaction cylinder. The conical reaction cylinder and the auger rotate in reverse, and the central auger rotates at a relatively high speed. The biomass material and solid carrier particles are thrown to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder under the action of centrifugal force. During this period, the biomass material is rapidly pyrolyzed, and the cone Rotate at a slow speed in the opposite direction to make the charcoal and carrier particles slide off the inner wall smoothly. After the pyrolysis steam generated by the reaction is separated and removed of impurities, it is sent to the liquefaction cooling device for condensation and liquefaction to obtain biomass oil.

Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:

1) The reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor of the present invention adopts a conical reaction cylinder, and the conical structure facilitates the sliding of carrier particles and charcoal ash. The conical reaction cylinder and the screw auger rotate in reverse, and the biomass material and solid carrier particles are thrown to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder under the action of centrifugal force. The violent collision can accelerate the pyrolysis speed and degree of the biomass material, and the biomass material reacts quickly, Thoroughly, the reaction process does not need carrier gas to stir, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of pyrolysis steam cooling and carrier gas preheating. The reaction cylinder rotates at a slow speed in the opposite direction, so that the carbon ash and carrier particles slide off the inner wall smoothly. Utilizing the above-mentioned advantages of the pyrolysis reactor, it is possible to pyrolyze granular or even blocky biomass materials. By changing the rotation speed of the auger, the residence time of biomass materials in the pyrolysis reactor can be effectively adjusted, and the directional control of the distribution of pyrolysis products can be realized.

2) The baffle structure in the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor can greatly retain the heat of high-temperature waste gas, and, by controlling the flow rate of high-temperature flue gas and the number of gas baffles, the pyrolysis reactor can be realized Accurate and controllable temperature.

3) The carrier in the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor has the functions of strengthening multiphase flow, heat transfer, and cleaning the inner wall of the reaction cylinder, which can effectively prevent carbon ash from adhering to the inner wall of the reactor and improve the pyrolysis conversion efficiency. In addition, the carrier can also be used as a heat carrier to achieve rapid pyrolysis of biomass and high energy utilization efficiency through the combination of direct heating of heat carrier and indirect heating of high-temperature flue gas. When used as a heat carrier, it can be used in circulation, and it can be lifted and reused after falling. Wherein, when the carrier is installed in the reaction cylinder, the cleaning efficiency of cleaning the inner wall of the reaction cylinder is more than 95%, and the cleaning efficiency of the traditional unheated carrier is less than 70%, which will affect the heat transfer efficiency.

4) The present invention makes full use of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas. After the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor is heated, the waste heat is used to dry the material; in addition, the riser burner heats the carrier, and combustible substances Fully utilized, it has a very good environmental protection effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor and solid separator;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system.

Among them, 1-reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor, 101-flue gas outlet, 102-shell, 103-flue gas inlet, 104-baffle plate, 105-reaction cylinder opening, 106-reduction motor, 107- Sprocket, 108-screw auger, 109-vertical shaft, 110-kiln bearing, 111-seal ring, 112-speed regulating motor, 113-reaction cylinder, 2-material dryer, 3-storage box, 4-raw Material feeder, 5-scraper conveyor, 6-solid separator, 7-speed regulating motor, 8-carrier screw conveyor, 9-pyrolysis steam outlet, 10-carrier outlet, 11-cyclone separator, 12 - Stainless steel sintered filter, 13 - riser burner, 14 - liquefaction cooling device, 15 - induced draft fan, 16 - carrier storage bin, 17 - flow control valve.

detailed description

specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reaction device includes a scraper conveyor 5, the scraper conveyor 5 is connected to the material dryer 2, the material dryer 2 is connected to the storage box 3, and the storage box 3 is connected to the biomass feeder 4, and the biomass feeder 4 is connected to the reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor 1.

The counter-concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor 1 includes a shell 102, inside which is a conical reaction cylinder 113, and the conical structure is a structure in which the diameter of the upper end is larger than that of the lower end. Both the top and the bottom of the reaction cylinder 113 are provided with openings, and the reaction cylinder 113 is concentrically provided with an auger 108, and the pitch of the auger 108 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The reaction cylinder 113 is connected to the reduction motor 106 through the sprocket 107 and the chain, and the vertical shaft 109 of the screw auger is connected to the speed regulation motor 112 . The rotation direction of the reaction cylinder 113 is opposite to that of the auger 108 , and the rotation speed of the auger 108 is greater than the rotation speed of the reaction cylinder 113 . Between the casing 102 and the reaction cylinder 113, there are multiple layers of flue gas baffles 104. The baffles with the upper opening and the baffles with the lower opening are alternately arranged in turn, and a zigzag flue gas passage is formed between the baffles 104. . The lower part of the housing is provided with a flue gas inlet 103 , and the upper part of the housing is provided with a flue gas outlet 101 , which is connected to the material dryer 2 .

The upper opening of the reaction cylinder 113 of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the biomass feeder 4 and the carrier storage bin 16 .

The opening at the bottom of the reaction cylinder 113 is connected to the solid separator 6 , and the bottom of the solid separator 6 is provided with a carrier screw conveyor 8 and a carrier outlet 10 , and the carrier screw conveyor 8 is connected to the speed-regulating motor 7 . The carrier outlet 10 is connected to the riser burner 13, the riser burner 13 is connected to the carrier storage bin 16, and the carrier storage bin 16 is connected to the upper opening of the reaction cylinder through the flow control valve 17, and the carrier is yellow sand.

The pyrolysis steam outlet 9 of the solid separator 6 is connected with the cyclone separator 11 , the stainless steel sintered filter 12 and the induced draft fan 15 in sequence, and then connected with the liquefaction cooling device 14 .

The reverse concentric rotary pyrolysis reactor of the present invention can not only be used in the biomass pyrolysis liquefaction system, but also can be used to produce pyrolysis gas. When the pyrolysis reactor is used for different functions, only the temperature in the reaction cylinder needs to be adjusted That's it.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device, it is characterized in that, including reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolysis reactor, instead Include the reaction tube that taper is set in housing, housing to Concentric rotation formula pyrolysis reactor, reaction tube top and bottom are respectively provided with Screw auger is arranged concentrically in opening, reaction tube, pitch is gradually reduced screw auger from top to bottom, reaction tube and screw auger point Motor is not connected, and reaction tube is with screw auger direction of rotation on the contrary, screw auger rotating speed is more than reaction tube rotating speed.

2. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the housing and reaction tube Between be provided with multilayer flue gas deflection plate, the deflection plate of upper opening and the deflection plate of lower openings are arranged alternately successively, under housing Portion be provided with gas approach, housing upper be provided with exhanst gas outlet, high-temperature flue gas baffle groups into cavity in circulate.

3. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, on the reaction tube Portion's opening connection biomass feeder and carrier warehouse, reaction tube bottom opening connection solid separator.

4. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the solid separator bottom Portion is provided with carrier auger conveyor and carrier outlet, and carrier outlet is connected with riser burner, the connection of riser burner Carrier warehouse, carrier warehouse passes through flow control valve coupled reaction cylinder upper inlet.

5. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the solid separator Pyrogenic steam outlet connection liquefaction cooling device.

6. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the reverse Concentric rotation Formula pyrolytic reaction device includes drag conveyor, drag conveyor connection material drier, material drier connection material storing box, storage Hopper connects biomass feeder, the exhanst gas outlet connection dry materials of reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolysis reactor housing upper Machine.

7. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the carrier is from yellow One kind in sand, gangue, quartz sand, stainless steel ball or ceramic heat-storing sphere.

8. reverse Concentric rotation formula pyrolytic reaction device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the motor passes through chain Bar, chain sprocket structure coupled reaction cylinder, the vertical shaft at the motor connection screw auger center of screw auger.