CN107006514B - A kind of composition preventing tangerine oil pinta and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for preventing and treating oil spot disease of citrus fruits, which comprises the following components: 50-300 mg/L ethephon, 5-60 mg/L abscisic acid, and 1-5 g/L low-molecular monosaccharide. The present invention reduces the incidence of oil spot disease of citrus fruit through the combined formula of ethephon combined with ABA and low-molecular monosaccharide, and the effect is obvious. In the present invention, the combination of the above-mentioned reagents is applied to the prevention and treatment of citrus oil spot for the first time, which effectively improves the post-harvest freshness preservation ability of citrus, and proves its application prospect in post-harvest citrus. Therefore, the present invention uses ethephon, abscisic acid, and low-molecular monosaccharide drug combination formula to reduce the method of citrus fruit oil spot disease, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Description

Composition and method for preventing citrus oil spot

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of citrus postharvest, and in particular relates to a preharvest orchard management method for reducing the occurrence of oil spot disease of citrus fruits.

Background technique

Citrus is the largest fruit in southern my country. With the improvement of national consumption level, consumers have higher and higher requirements for the internal quality and appearance quality of fruits. In production, many fruits with insufficient pericarp color change or high chlorophyll content during the harvest period are prone to oil spot disease during postharvest commercialization or storage and transportation, which seriously affects the appearance and quality of fruits. The losses are increasing year by year. The symptoms of citrus oil spot disease are mainly irregular light yellow lesions on the peel, which are yellowish white at first, and then yellow or brown. Oil cells gradually shrink into dry scars, which is a common physiological disorder of citrus fruit surface recognized internationally. At present, there are relatively few systematic studies on the occurrence mechanism of oil spot disease, and there is no unified understanding at present, and there is no effective way to inhibit the occurrence of oil spot disease in production. especially important.

In the past, people have a consistent understanding of the mechanism of citrus oil spot disease. The epidermal cells of citrus fruits swell due to water absorption, resulting in oil cell rupture and essential oil exudation. Essential oils are toxic to surrounding cells and cause cell necrosis, which is the main cause of oil spot disease. However, fundamental questions such as why the cells around the oil cell absorb water and why the membrane structure of the oil cell is damaged have not been well answered. That is to say, so far people still do not know what is the root cause of citrus oil spot. The rupture of oil cells observed in production should be the result of the peel responding to certain physiological stimuli. This is also the key reason why people are difficult to obtain a substantial breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of citrus oil spot disease.

Contents of the invention

In recent years, the inventor of the present application has used the 'Zaohong' navel orange in Yichang, Hubei as a material to carry out systematic research on the causes of oil spot disease, and found that the rate of chlorophyll degradation and the accumulation level of intermediate products in the ripening period of citrus fruits are related to citrus oil. Spot disease is closely related. In the present invention, we propose the idea of controlling chlorophyll degradation to prevent and control citrus oil spot. After 4 consecutive years of experiments in production areas, we found that preharvest ethephon combined with ABA and low-molecular-weight monosaccharides had an excellent effect on reducing citrus oil spot disease. Although ethephon has been widely used in agriculture, it is mainly used as a plant growth regulator, such as promoting female flower differentiation, promoting fruit ripening, and breaking dormancy. High concentrations of ethephon can inhibit the growth of plants. In fact, ethephon can significantly increase the respiration rate of the fruit, accelerate the degradation of chlorophyll, and promote the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids, thereby accelerating the color change of the peel and fruit ripening. There is no relevant report on the prevention and control of citrus oil spot. The results of our experiments found that preharvest citrus fruits ethephon combined with abscisic acid and low molecular monosaccharides had a significant effect on controlling citrus fruit oil spot. Here, the present invention proposes to use ethephon in combination with ABA and low-molecular monosaccharides to reduce citrus fruit oil spot, and use ethephon in combination with ABA and low-molecular monosaccharides to reduce the treatment period and drug formulation concentration of citrus fruit oil spot There are ten strict requirements, and on the basis of continuous practice for many years, an optimized technical solution has been obtained.

That is, the first object of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, comprising the following components: 50-300 mg/liter ethephon, 5-60 mg/liter abscisic acid, 1-5 g/liter Low molecular monosaccharides.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the ratio of the components is: 80-200 mg/L ethephon, 5-20 mg/L abscisic acid, 1-3 g/L Raise low molecular weight monosaccharides.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the ethephon is a 40% by mass ethephon aqueous solution.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the abscisic acid is 100% pure abscisic acid.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the low molecular monosaccharide is glucose.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the composition further includes a spreading agent.

Preferably, in the composition for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the spreading agent is Tween-20.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, comprising mixing the above-mentioned composition for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, and carrying out whole tree treatment of citrus 30 days before harvest and 60 days before harvest. Spray treatment.

Preferably, in the method for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruits according to the present invention, the fruit trees treated by spraying the whole tree are vigorously grown, crown-sized, uniform in growth potential, and early red navel orange fruit trees free from diseases and insect pests.

Preferably, in the method for preventing and treating oil spot of citrus fruit according to the present invention, the whole tree spraying treatment is sunny day application.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The present invention reduces the incidence of oil spot disease of citrus fruit by combining ethephon with ABA and low-molecular monosaccharide, and the effect is obvious. The scientific name of ethephon is 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, its molecular structure is relatively simple, and it is easy to degrade. At the same time, it is a traditional plant growth regulator with low toxicity, so its safety can be determined; abscisic acid is a kind of Phytohormone with terpene structure has little toxicity as a plant growth regulator. In addition, abscisic acid can stimulate the production of ethylene; glucose is an indispensable nutrient for the metabolism of organisms, and is one of the important nutrients and main sources of heat for the human body. It is non-toxic and harmless.

The 3 medicines were earlier used in other aspects, so they are easy to buy and the price is lower. And this is the first time at home and abroad that the combination of the above reagents has been applied to the prevention and treatment of citrus oil spot. Therefore, the combination formula of ethephon, abscisic acid and low molecular monosaccharide drugs to reduce oil spot of citrus fruit is worthy of popularization and application. Moreover, it can effectively improve the postharvest freshness preservation ability of citrus, which proves its application prospect in postharvest citrus.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the incidence of citrus oil spot disease;

Fig. 2 is the effect comparison diagram of using different treatments to prevent and treat oil spot disease in one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of the effect of using different treatments to prevent and treat oil spot disease in one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot, comprising the following components: 50-300 mg/L ethephon, 5-60 mg/L abscisic acid, 1-5 g / liter of low molecular weight monosaccharides.

Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the components is: 80-200 mg/L ethephon, 5-20 mg/L abscisic acid, 1-3 g/L low molecular weight monosaccharide.

Preferably, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, the ethephon is a 40% by mass aqueous solution of ethephon, and the 40% by mass ethephon can be purchased from the market.

Preferably, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, the abscisic acid is abscisic acid with a purity of 100%.

Preferably, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, the low molecular weight monosaccharide is glucose.

Preferably, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition further includes a spreading agent; more preferably, the spreading agent is Tween-20.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, comprising mixing the above-mentioned composition for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, and then treating citrus fruit 30 days before harvest and 60 days before harvest. Apply whole tree spraying.

Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the fruit trees treated by spraying the whole tree are robust, with crown size and growth vigor consistent, and early red navel orange fruit trees free from diseases and insect pests.

Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the whole tree spraying treatment is sunny day spraying.

The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Beginning in September 2016, the 'Zaohong' navel orange variety was planted in a citrus orchard in Jiuwanxi, Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province for 8 years. 'A navel orange tree with consistent growth was used as a test.

Select 28 'Zaohong' navel orange citrus trees that grow robustly, have the same crown size and growth potential, and are free from diseases and insect pests. They are divided into 7 treatments and listed according to different treatments. Combined with the incidence of early red navel orange oil spot disease, the Drugs are screened, and there are seven treatments in total, which are:

1. ABA200: abscisic acid with a concentration of 200mg/L

2. PTT+ABA: 1g/L glucose and 60mg/L abscisic acid

3. ABA60: abscisic acid with a concentration of 60mg/L

4. YXL+ABA+PTT: Ethephon (40% quality commercially available) with a concentration of 150mg/L+10mg/L abscisic acid+1g/L glucose

5.PTT+BR: 1g/L glucose and 0.3mg/L brassinosteroid

6.BR: 0.3mg/L brassinosteroid

7. CK (control): clear water

Prepare with the above-mentioned medicaments and tap water respectively, and add 0.4‰ Tween-20 as a spreading agent for each treatment. Whole-tree spraying of citrus was carried out using conventional orchard spraying equipment and methods 30 days and 60 days before harvest. Manual fruit picking is carried out during the fruit ripening period to reduce mechanical damage. After the citrus fruits were picked, they were stored at room temperature, and the incidence of oil spot fruit was investigated. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the incidence of citrus oil spot disease. As shown in Figure 2, the incidence of oil spot disease of 'Zaohong' navel oranges increased with the prolongation of postharvest storage time for each treatment, and only the combination of ethephon, abscisic acid and glucose treated 'Zaohong' 'The incidence of oil spot disease in navel orange fruit is low, and the effect is very obvious.

Example 2

Beginning in September 2015, the early red navel orange variety was planted in a citrus orchard in Jiuwanxi, Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province. A more consistent tree body was used as a test.

Select 44 early red navel orange citrus fruit trees that grow robustly, have the same crown size and growth potential, and are free of diseases and insect pests. They are divided into 11 treatments and listed according to different treatments. Combined with the incidence of early red navel orange oil spot disease, the pesticides are tested. Screening, a total of 11 treatments are set up, which are:

1. CK (control): clean water

2. SYS+XSG+KJT: 3.06g/L salicylic acid+0.1g/L calcium nitrate+0.1g/L chitosan

3. XSG+GA: 10mmol/L calcium nitrate + 20mg/L gibberellin

4. 5: 1mg/L of 5-chloro-3methyl-4-nitro-1h-pyrazole

5. 5+BR: 1mg/L 5-chloro-3methyl-4-nitro-1h-pyrazole+0.1mg/L brassinosteroid

6.TRIS+GA: TRIS-HCL+30mg/L gibberellin at PH=8

7. SYS+GA: 0.02% salicylic acid + 20mg/L gibberellin

8.GA: gibberellin with a concentration of 40mg/L

9.BR:0.3mg/L Brassinolide

10. GABA+BR: 0.5mmol/L γ-aminobutyric acid + 0.1mg/L brassinolide

11. YXL+ABA+PTT: ethephon at a concentration of 150mg/L+10mg/L abscisic acid+1g/L glucose

Prepare with the above-mentioned medicaments and tap water respectively, and add 0.4‰ Tween-20 as a spreading agent for each treatment. Whole-tree spraying of citrus was carried out using conventional orchard spraying equipment and methods 30 days and 60 days before harvest. Manual fruit picking is carried out during the fruit ripening period to reduce mechanical damage. After the citrus fruits were picked, they were stored at room temperature, and the incidence of oil spot fruit was investigated. As shown in Figure 3, the incidence of oil spot disease of 'Zaohong' navel oranges increased with the prolongation of postharvest storage time for each treatment, and only the combination of ethephon, abscisic acid and glucose treated 'Zaohong' 'The incidence of oil spot disease in navel orange fruit is low, and the effect is very obvious. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the incidence rate of ethephon combined formula was 0 at postharvest 7 days and 15 days.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A composition for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot, consisting of the following components: 50-300 mg/L ethephon, 5-60 mg/L abscisic acid, 1-5 g/L low-molecular monosaccharide; The low molecular monosaccharide is glucose. 2. Composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ratio of described component is: 80-200 mg/liter ethephon, 5-20 mg/liter abscisic acid, 1-3 gram/liter low molecular weight Monosaccharide. 3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the ethephon is a 40% by mass ethephon aqueous solution. 4. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the abscisic acid is 100% pure abscisic acid. 5. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a spreading agent. 6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the spreading agent is Tween-20. 7. a method for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot disease, is characterized in that, after comprising mixing the composition described in claim 1 or 2, carry out whole tree spraying to citrus 30 days before harvesting and 60 days before harvesting deal with. 8. according to the method for the described control citrus fruit oil spot of claim 7, it is characterized in that, the fruit tree of described whole tree spraying process is robust in growth, crown size, growth vigor are consistent, the early red navel orange fruit tree without damage by diseases and insect pests. 9. The method for preventing and treating citrus fruit oil spot according to claim 7, characterized in that, the whole tree spraying treatment is sunny day application.