CN107000029A - Diameter of axle aggrandizement apparatus and diameter of axle increasing method - Google Patents

Abstract

A shaft diameter increasing device and a shaft diameter increasing method are provided. The shaft diameter increasing device includes: a pressurizer, which applies pressure to both ends of the shaft in the axial direction; a load generator, which applies alternating loads in a direction crossing the axial direction. Applied to the middle portion of the shaft; a detector that detects the outer diameter of the middle portion that increases with compression in the axial direction due to the application of pressure and alternating loads; and a controller that controls the applied Compressors and load generators. The detector includes a contact element arranged in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion, thereby detecting the outer diameter based on the displacement of the contact element. The controller adjusts the pressure applied by the pressurizer based on the detected outer diameter and stops compression of the intermediate portion.

Description

Shaft diameter enlarging device and shaft diameter enlarging method

technical field

The invention relates to a shaft diameter increasing device and a shaft diameter increasing method.

Background technique

Shaft diameter enlargement is a method for forming a relatively enlarged diameter portion in the middle portion of the shaft. For example, according to the prior art shaft diameter enlarging method, the shaft is locally enlarged by rotating the shaft applying a bending angle in a state where pressure for axially compressing the shaft is applied to both ends of the shaft, thereby forming Increased diameter.

A shaft diameter enlarging device that performs diameter enlarging generally includes a driving side retainer unit and a driven side retainer unit each including a sleeve for holding an end portion of the shaft. barrel, and is arranged along the reference line on which the shaft is set, and the shaft diameter enlarging device rotates relative to the reference line while compressing the shaft in the axial direction by moving the driven-side retainer unit along the reference line. The drive side retainer unit is tilted at an angle, while part of the shaft is enlarged. Then, when the distance between the sleeve of the driving side retainer unit and the driven side retainer unit has become a prescribed distance, the compression is stopped, and the diameter increasing process for enlarging a part of the shaft is ended.

In addition, in the shaft diameter enlarging device described in JP 4927599B2, the outer diameter of the middle part of the shaft is measured instead of the distance between the sleeve of the driving side retainer unit and the driven side retainer unit, and when the middle part When the outer diameter of has reached the desired outer diameter, the compression is stopped and the diameter increase process ends.

The distance between the sleeves is generally detected indirectly based on the moving distance of the driven side holder unit. Here, for example, plastic deformation when diameter increase is repeated causes heat generation in the shaft, and since the temperature of the sleeve gradually rises due to this heat generation, the sleeve may thermally expand in some cases. If the sleeves thermally expand, the distance between the sleeves, which is indirectly detected based on the moving distance of the driven side holder unit, changes, and if the diameter increasing process is controlled based on the distance before the sleeves, the diameter of the product increases The dimensional accuracy of the part may decrease.

If the diameter increasing process is controlled based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft to be increased, it is possible to overcome the change in the distance between the sleeves due to repeated diameter increasing and the resulting diameter increasing portion of the product. Dimensional accuracy is lowered, but in this case, it is necessary to accurately measure the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft.

For example, the outer diameter of the shaft can be measured by using a non-contact type distance meter, and this type of distance meter generally uses laser light or ultrasonic waves. However, in order to prevent adhesion between the shaft and the sleeve, lubricant is generally applied to the surface of the shaft, and therefore, there is a possibility that the lubricant may interfere with reflection of laser light or ultrasonic waves, thereby reducing the appearance of the middle portion of the shaft. diameter detection accuracy. In addition, there is a possibility that detection accuracy may also decrease due to ambient temperature and the like. As a result, the dimensional accuracy of the increased-diameter portion of the product may be reduced.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to improve the processing precision of the diameter increase.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shaft diameter increasing device, comprising: a pressurizer configured to apply pressure to both ends of the shaft to compress the shaft in the axial direction; a load generating a load generator configured to apply an alternating load to the middle portion of the shaft in a direction crossing the axial direction; a detector configured to detect pressure and alternating load applied by the load generator to increase the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft with compression in the axial direction; and a controller configured to control the The pressurizer and the load generator. The detector includes a contact element arranged to contact an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the shaft, and the detector is configured to detect the intermediate portion based on a displacement of the contact element. of the outer diameter. The controller is configured to adjust the pressure applied by the pressurizer and stop compression of the intermediate portion of the shaft based on the outer diameter detected by the detector.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shaft diameter increasing method, comprising: applying pressure to both ends of the shaft to compress the shaft in the axial direction, and compressing the shaft in a direction crossing the axial direction , applying an alternating load to the middle portion of the shaft such that the middle portion of the shaft increases with compression in the axial direction; based on the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion of the shaft with displacement of contacting contact elements, detecting an outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft; and based on the detected outer diameter of the intermediate portion, adjusting pressure applied to both ends of the shaft, and stopping the Compression of the middle portion of the shaft.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one example of the structure of a shaft diameter increasing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating one example of a shaft diameter increasing method by using the shaft diameter increasing device of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 2B is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIG. 2A .

FIG. 2C is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B .

FIG. 2D is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C .

FIG. 2E is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D .

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a detector of the shaft diameter increasing device of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a modified example of the shaft diameter enlarging device of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating another example of the shaft diameter increasing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5B is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIG. 5A .

Fig. 5C is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in Figs. 5A and 5B.

[ Fig. 6A] Fig. 6A is a diagram illustrating another example of the shaft diameter increasing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6B is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIG. 6A .

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating another example of the shaft diameter increasing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7B is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in Fig. 7A.

FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating another example of the shaft diameter increasing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8B is another diagram illustrating the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIG. 8A .

Fig. 9 is an image illustrating changes in the outer diameter of the increased-diameter portion of the product obtained in the experimental example.

Fig. 10 is an image illustrating changes in the outer diameter of the increased-diameter portion of the product obtained in the experimental example.

detailed description

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the structure of a shaft diameter increasing device for describing an embodiment of the present invention.

In a state where pressure for axially compressing the shaft W is applied to both ends of the shaft W, the shaft diameter enlarging device of FIG. 1 enlarges the middle portion of the shaft W by rotating the shaft W applying a bending angle.

The shaft diameter increasing device includes: a pair of retainer units 1, 2 arranged along a reference line A on which the shaft W is set; a pressurizer 3 configured to apply pressure to both sides of the shaft W end, to compress the shaft W in the axial direction; a load generator 4, which is configured to apply an alternating load to the shaft W in a direction crossing the axial direction of the shaft W; a detector 5, which detects The device 5 is configured to detect the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W to be enlarged; and the controller 6.

The holder unit 1 includes: a sleeve 10 into which the end of the shaft W is inserted; and a plunger 11 for abutting against the end of the shaft W inserted into the sleeve 10 . The holder unit 2 has a similar structure and includes a sleeve 12 and a plunger 13 .

The shaft W is supported at one end by the plunger 11 of the holder unit 1 and supported at the other end by the plunger 13 of the holder unit 2 so as to be held between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 .

The middle portion of the shaft W positioned between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 is enlarged by diameter increase, thereby forming an enlarged diameter portion of the product. The length D in the axial direction of the intermediate portion of the shaft W before processing is appropriately determined according to the thickness and the outer diameter of the increased-diameter portion.

The pressurizer 3 moves the retainer unit 2 along the reference line A in a parallel manner, and applies pressure to both ends of the shaft W, compressing the shaft W in the axial direction via the retainer units 1 , 2 .

The load generator 4 provides a bending angle to the shaft W by tilting the holder unit 1 so that the rotation axis of the holder unit 1 can intersect the reference line A obliquely. Then, the load generator 4 rotates the cage unit 1 around the inclined rotation axis of the cage unit 1 so that an alternating load in a direction crossing the axial direction of the shaft W can be applied to the middle portion of the shaft W.

The detector 5 detects the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W positioned between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 . In the illustrated example, the detector 5 includes a contact member 14 that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of a portion of the middle portion of the shaft W that is provided on the side of the holder unit 1 so that by utilizing the displacement of the contact member 14, Detect the outer diameter of the middle part of the shaft W.

The controller 6 controls the pressurizer 3 and the load generator 4 to perform the diameter increase of the intermediate portion for the increase shaft W. Furthermore, during the diameter increase, the controller 6 stops the compression of the shaft W by adjusting the pressure applied by the pressurizer 3 based on the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W detected by the detector 5, and ends Diameter increasing process for enlarging the middle portion of the shaft W.

2A to 2E illustrate a shaft diameter increasing method by using the above-described shaft diameter increasing device.

As shown in FIG. 2A , the shaft W is held between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 .

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2B , the holder unit 2 is moved in a parallel manner along the reference line A by using the pressurizer 3 (see FIG. 1 ), thereby applying a pressure to the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 held between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2. between the shaft W to compress the shaft W in the axial direction. In addition, the holder unit 1 is tilted with respect to the reference line A by the load generator 4 (see FIG. 1 ), and the holder unit 1 is rotated. The inclination angle of the holder unit 1 is set to an angle at which the shaft W is bent to deform within the elastic limit, and generally the angle is about 2° to 3°.

The shaft W held between the holder unit 1 and the holder unit 2 is bent at a bending center O located on the reference line A, and rotates around the axis of the shaft W. As shown in FIG. By the bending and rotation of the shaft W, alternating loads are applied to the middle portion of the bent shaft W on the inside and outside of the bending direction in a direction crossing the axial direction of the shaft W.

As shown in FIG. 2C , the middle portion of the compressed shaft W bulges inward in the bending direction due to plastic flow. Then, according to the rotation of the shaft W around the axis, the protrusion due to the plastic flow grows over the entire circumference, and thus, the middle portion of the shaft W increases. The outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W is continuously detected by the detector 5 .

As shown in FIG. 2D , when the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W reaches the prescribed diameter, the controller 6 detects that the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W has reached the prescribed diameter based on the output signal of the detector 5 . Then, the controller 6 (see FIG. 1 ) adjusts the pressure applied by the pressurizer 3, thereby stopping the compression of the shaft W. Thus, the diameter increasing process for increasing the intermediate portion of the shaft W is completed.

Then, a prescribed molding pressure is applied to the shaft W that has stopped being compressed by the pressurizer 3 . Then, the holder unit 1 is again set along the reference line A by means of the load generator 4 so that the axis W is straightened. By straightening the shaft W, the thickness of the enlarged middle portion of the shaft W is made equal over the entire circumference.

In the example shown in the figure, in the state where the retainer units 1 and 2 are arranged along the reference line A, there is an axial distance between the end face 10a of the sleeve 10 holding the middle portion of the shaft W and the end face 12a of the sleeve 12. The distance on is constant in the radial direction, and the middle portion of the axis W is formed in a substantially disc shape with a uniform thickness.

Through the foregoing processing, the diameter increase of the shaft W is completed, and the rotation of the shaft W is stopped. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2E , the ejector rod 11 of the holder unit 1 and the ejector rod 13 of the holder unit 2 are respectively driven, thereby taking out the product P having a shaft passing through the enlarged shaft. The enlarged diameter portion Pa is formed at the middle portion of W.

In the diameter increase described above, in order to suppress the product P from adhering to the inner peripheral surface or the end surface 10a, 12a of the sleeve 10, 12, a lubricant is applied to the surface of the shaft W before the diameter increase. If lubricant is applied to the surface of the shaft W, the frictional force acting between the shaft W and the sleeves 10, 12 is reduced, thereby suppressing the product P from adhering to the sleeves 10, 12 and suppressing damage when the product P is taken out The product P. As a result, the operability in taking out the product P and the quality of the product P can be improved.

Here, the detector 5 for detecting the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W includes a contact member 14 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the shaft W, and the detector 5 detects the intermediate portion of the shaft W using the displacement of the contact member 14 the outer diameter. Since the detection is performed using the displacement of the contact element 14 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion of the shaft W, the influence of lubricant applied to the surface of the shaft W, ambient temperature, etc. can be reduced, thereby improving detection accuracy.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the structure of a detector 5 comprising a contact element 14 .

The detector 5 comprises a contact element 14 , a support part 15 and a measuring part 16 .

The contact member 14 is formed in a rod shape, and contacts the outer peripheral surface of the middle portion of the shaft W at the tip 14 a of the contact member 14 . The support portion 15 supports the contact element 14 that is capable of swinging around a rotation axis 17 parallel to the reference line A. As shown in FIG. The support portion 15 is suitably fixed on the non-rotating portion of the holder unit 1 by a fixing member 18 . When the middle portion of the shaft W increases, the contact element 14 swings around the rotation axis 7 to displace the tip 14a, and thus, the base 14b of the contact element 14 on the opposite side of the rotation axis 17 is also displaced.

The measuring portion 16 measures the displacement amount of the base portion 14 b of the contact member 14 . In the illustrated example, a dial indicator is used as the measuring portion 16, and the displacement amount of the base 14b of the contact member 14 is measured based on the vertical movement of the probe 19 in contact with the base of the contact member 14.

According to the difference between the distance from the tip 14a of the contact element 14 (ie, the point of contact with the shaft W) to the axis of rotation 17 and the distance from the base 14b of the contact element 14 (ie, the point of contact with the probe 19 ) to the axis of rotation 18 The outer diameter of the middle part of the shaft W is detected by converting the displacement measured by the measuring part 16 into the displacement of the end 14a of the contact element 14.

The displacement of the base 14b of the contact element 14 can be measured by using a non-contact type displacement sensor such as a laser displacement sensor or an ultrasonic displacement sensor, but is preferably used such as a dial indicator in the illustrated example. The contact type displacement sensor, and thus can reduce ambient influences such as temperature to improve the detection accuracy of the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W.

Next, the effect achieved by stopping the compression of the shaft W based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W will be described.

When the retainer unit 2 is moved in a parallel manner by the presser 3, and the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the movement amount of the retainer unit 2, if the sleeves 10, 12 become smaller due to repeated diameter increasing processes, Thermal expansion causes the distance between the end surface 10a of the sleeve 10 and the end surface 12a of the sleeve 12 to gradually decrease although the movement amount of the retainer unit 2 is the same.

If the distance between the end face 10a of the sleeve 10 and the end face 12a of the sleeve 12 decreases, the thickness of the increased diameter portion Pa of the product P decreases. Regardless of the thermal expansion of the sleeves 10, 12, the volume of the middle portion of the shaft W to be enlarged is approximately constant, and therefore, the diameter increase Pa obtained by enlarging the middle portion of the shaft W decreases as the thickness decreases. The diameter increases.

As the desired diameter increase rate of the increased diameter portion Pa (ie, dividing the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W before processing by the outer diameter of the increased diameter portion Pa of the product P) increases, the same as the decreased Thickness corresponds to volume increase. Therefore, as the desired diameter increase rate of the diameter increase portion Pa becomes larger, the diameter increase due to the thickness reduction is more seriously caused.

In contrast, if the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W to be increased, even when the diameter increase is repeated, the outer diameter of the increased diameter portion Pa can be stably ensured. Dimensional accuracy.

Fig. 4 illustrates a deformed structure of the shaft diameter increasing device.

According to the shaft diameter enlarging device of FIG. 4 , in the state where the retainers 1 and 2 are arranged along the reference line A, the distance between the end face 10 a of the sleeve 10 and the end face 12 a of the sleeve 12 holding the middle portion of the shaft W is The distance in the axial direction becomes smaller towards the radially outer side of the end faces 10a, 12a. The diameter-enlarged portion Pa of the product P obtained by enlarging the middle portion of the axis W constrained between the end faces 10a and 12a is formed in a shape tapered toward the radially outer side of the middle portion.

In this instance, as the thickness of the diameter-increased portion Pa decreases, the diameter increase is further contributed. Therefore, it is particularly suitable to stop the compression based on the increased outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W, and thus, even when the diameter increase is repeated, the dimensional accuracy of the outer diameter of the increased diameter portion Pa can be stably ensured.

The shaft diameter enlarging device and the shaft diameter enlarging method are not limited to the above-mentioned shaft diameter enlarging device and the shaft diameter enlarging method.

In the exemplary method illustrated in FIGS. 5A to 5C , although alternating loads are applied to the shaft W by bending and rotating about the axis of the shaft W in the same manner as the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIG. 1 , but by sliding the holder unit 1 in a direction crossing the reference line A instead of tilting the holder unit 1 with respect to the reference line A so that the axis W is bent.

In the exemplary method shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B , one end of the shaft W is rotatably and unconstrained by one holder unit 1 and the other end of the shaft W is constrained by the other holder unit 2 is held permanently, and the holder unit 1 and the end portion of the shaft W held by the holder unit 1 are rotated about the reference line A for bending the shaft W, and an alternating load is applied to the middle portion of the bent shaft W.

In the exemplary method shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B , the ends of the shaft W are non-rotatably and constrainedly held by the holder units 1, 2, respectively, and the holder unit 1 is reciprocally rotated around the reference line A for An alternating load is applied to the middle of the shaft W.

In the exemplary method shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B , an alternating load is applied to the middle portion of the shaft W by applying bending or torsional vibration to the shaft W using the vibration generator OSC.

And in the shaft diameter increasing method shown in FIGS. 5A to 8B , by stopping the compression of the shaft W based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W to be enlarged, it is possible to stably secure the amount of the outer diameter of the diameter increasing portion Pa. Dimensional accuracy.

9 and 10 illustrate changes in the outer diameter of the diameter-enlarged portion Pa of the product P obtained by repeatedly performing diameter-enlargement using the shaft-diameter enlarging device of FIG. 1 .

When the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the amount of movement of the holder unit 2, a change in the outer diameter shown in FIG. 9 is obtained, and when the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the outer diameter of the middle portion of the shaft W to be enlarged, Figure 10 shows the variation of the outer diameter.

If the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the movement amount of the holder unit 2 , the outer diameter of the increased diameter portion Pa gradually increases with time, ie, by repeating the diameter increase, as seen from FIG. 9 .

In contrast, by stopping the compression of the shaft W based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W to be increased, even when the diameter increase is repeated, the outer diameter of the increased diameter portion Pa can be stably ensured, as Seen from Figure 10.

Based on these results, it was confirmed that if the compression of the shaft W is stopped based on the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft W to be enlarged, the outer diameter of the enlarged diameter portion Pa can be stably ensured even if the diameter increase is repeated. Dimensional accuracy.

As described above, the shaft diameter increasing device disclosed herein includes: a pressurizer configured to apply pressure to both ends of the shaft to compress the shaft in the axial direction; a load generator configured to apply pressure to both ends of the shaft; a generator configured to apply an alternating load to an intermediate portion of the shaft in a direction crossing the axial direction; a detector configured to detect pressure due to the pressurizer and the an alternating load applied by a load generator to increase the outer diameter of the intermediate portion of the shaft with compression in the axial direction; and a controller configured to control the pressurizer and The load generator. The detector includes a contact element arranged to contact an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the shaft, and the detector is configured to detect a displacement of the intermediate portion based on a displacement of the contact element. the outer diameter. The controller is configured to adjust the pressure applied by the pressurizer and stop compression of the intermediate portion of the shaft based on the outer diameter detected by the detector.

The shaft diameter enlarging device may further include a pair of constraining members having constraining surfaces to hold the intermediate portion of the shaft between the constraining surfaces in the axial direction, wherein the The constraining surfaces are configured such that a distance between the constraining surfaces becomes smaller toward a radially outer side of the constraining surfaces.

The shaft diameter increasing method disclosed herein includes applying pressure to both ends of the shaft to compress the shaft in an axial direction, and applying alternating loads to the shaft in a direction crossing the axial direction the middle part of the shaft so as to increase the middle part of the shaft with compression in the axial direction; based on the displacement of the contact element in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the middle part of the shaft, the detection of the shaft an outer diameter of the intermediate portion; and based on the detected outer diameter of the intermediate portion, adjusting pressure applied to both ends of the shaft and stopping compression of the intermediate portion of the shaft.

The shaft diameter increasing method may further include holding the intermediate portion of the shaft between a pair of constraining members in the axial direction, thereby increasing the intermediate portion of the shaft toward the The radially outer side of the middle portion tapers.

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-235364 filed on November 20, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of diameter of axle aggrandizement apparatus, including：

Pressurizer, the pressurizer is configured to apply pressure to the two ends of axle, to compress the axle in the axial direction；

Load generator, the load generator is configured to alternate load is put on into institute on the direction axially intersected State the pars intermedia of axle；

Detector, the detector is configured to what detection applied due to the pressure and the load generator of pressurizer application Alternate load and the external diameter of the pars intermedia of the axle increased with the compression on the axial direction；With

Controller, the controller is configured as controlling the pressurizer and the load generator,

Wherein, the detector includes contact element, and the contact element is arranged to contact the outer of the pars intermedia of the axle Side face, the detector is configured to the displacement based on the contact element to detect the external diameter of the pars intermedia, and

Wherein, the controller is configured as, based on as the external diameter detected by the detector, to adjust by described being added Depressor apply pressure and stop the axle the pars intermedia compression.

2. diameter of axle aggrandizement apparatus according to claim 1, in addition to a pair of constraint components, a pair of constraint components have about Beam face, so that the pars intermedia of the axle is maintained between the containment surfaces on the axial direction, wherein, the containment surfaces quilt It is constructed so that the radial outside of the distance between described containment surfaces towards the containment surfaces diminishes.

3. a kind of diameter of axle increasing method, including：

The two ends of axle are applied pressure to, will to compress the axle in the axial direction, and on the direction intersected with the axial direction Alternate load puts on the pars intermedia of the axle, so as to increase the centre of the axle with the compression on the axial direction Portion；

The displacement of the contact element contacted based on the outer peripheral face with the pars intermedia of the axle, detects the centre of the axle The external diameter in portion；And

Based on the external diameter of the detected pars intermedia, adjustment puts on the pressure at the two ends of the axle and stopped The only compression of the pars intermedia of the axle.

4. diameter of axle increasing method according to claim 3, in addition to by the pars intermedia of the axle on the axial direction It is maintained between a pair of constraint components, so that the pars intermedia of the axle to be increased to the radial outside towards the pars intermedia It is tapered.