CN106985379A - A kind of four-axle linked 3D printing device based on fusion sediment principle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on the principle of fusion deposition, belonging to the field of 3D printing manufacturing, and relates to a four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on the principle of fusion deposition. The printing device is composed of a frame, a print nozzle assembly, a control assembly, an X-axis drive assembly, a Y-axis drive assembly, a Z-axis drive assembly and an A-axis drive assembly. The shaft sleeve in the A-axis drive assembly is removable, and there are a series of shaft sleeves with the same inner diameter but different outer diameters to choose from, which facilitates the forming and manufacturing of tubular structural models with different inner diameters. The printing device can very conveniently prepare the thin-walled tube network structure, without adding any auxiliary support structure during the printing process, which simplifies the complex operation process such as post-processing, saves printing materials, and effectively improves the molding rate and surface quality of the test piece printing . The A-axis drive assembly is flexible in control, easy to install and disassemble, and can form a series of test pieces with inner diameters by replacing the shaft sleeves with different outer diameters. It is simple, practical, easy to operate and popularize.

Description

A four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on the principle of fused deposition

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing and manufacturing, and relates to a four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on the principle of fusion deposition.

Background technique

In recent years, 3D printing manufacturing technology, as an emerging manufacturing molding technology, has many advantages such as short molding cycle, easy molding of complex and diverse spatial structures, convenient personalized manufacturing, material saving and simple operation, etc., and has developed rapidly. With its unique advantages of "additive manufacturing", it has broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, mold manufacturing and biomedical engineering, and is especially suitable for personalized manufacturing of medical devices. However, the traditional 3D printing device only has translation in three directions of XYZ, and a large amount of auxiliary support materials need to be added when printing and forming tube network structures such as trachea and tube brackets, which not only reduces the molding efficiency, but also has a cumbersome process of removing support materials. It will cause a decrease in surface quality and dimensional accuracy. In order to overcome the above problems, it is necessary to improve the motion mechanism of the 3D printer, add the A-axis motion on the basis of the existing Cartesian three-axis motion, and realize the four-axis linkage of four complete machines; provide an A-axis that rotates continuously in a full circle The surface is used as a forming platform, and the 3D printing device without any support structure is required during the printing process, which is of great significance for forming and printing various pipe network support structures.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention invented a four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on fusion deposition technology. The printing device uses the surface of the A-axis that rotates continuously in a full circle as the forming platform, and its printing working area adopts a detachable sleeve. Way. It is very convenient to prepare complex tube network support structures, eliminating the need for complex operations such as adding a large number of auxiliary support structures and post-removal processes during printing, saving printing materials, and effectively improving the quality of the test piece printing tube network support structures. Formability and surface quality.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a four-axis linkage 3D printing device based on the principle of fusion deposition, which is characterized in that the printing device consists of a frame 4, a printing nozzle assembly, a control assembly, an X-axis drive assembly, a Y-axis drive assembly, a Z Shaft drive assembly and A-axis drive assembly;

The print nozzle assembly includes an extrusion stepper motor 10, an extrusion head 15, a fixed frame 14, a heat dissipation fan 16 and two linear guide rails 22; a heating rod and a temperature sensor are installed inside the extrusion head 15; A heat dissipation fan 16 is installed at the end, and two sliding bearings are arranged vertically inside, which are installed on two linear guide rails 22; the two ends of the guide rail are respectively fixed on the sliders 13 of the X and Y axes; The stepper motor 10 is mounted on the rear side of the frame 4, feeding the extrusion head 15;

The control assembly includes a main control board, a rotation button 1, a display screen 2 and an SD card slot 3; the main control board is mounted on the bottom of the frame 4, and the rotation button 1 and the display screen 2 are mounted on the lower side of the front of the frame 4;

The X-axis drive assembly includes an X-direction stepping motor 18, a synchronous belt gear 25, a synchronous belt 24, b synchronous belt gear 25, b synchronous belt 26, transmission linear guide rail 11 and slide block 13, the X To the stepper motor 18 is installed on the frame 4, a synchronous belt gear 25 is installed on the motor shaft of the X direction stepper motor 18, b synchronous belt gear 25 is equipped with b synchronous belt gear 25, a synchronous belt gear 25 and The b synchronous belt gear 25 is connected by a synchronous toothed belt 24; two transmission linear guide rails 11 are placed parallel to the X direction in the same plane, and both ends of the transmission linear guide rail 11 are equipped with b synchronous belt gear 25; the two linear guide rails pass through The two b synchronous belts 26 at both ends are connected; the two b synchronous belts 26 are fixed with sliders 13;

Described Y-axis driving assembly comprises Y to stepper motor 12, a synchronous belt gear 25, a synchronous toothed belt 24, b synchronous belt gear 25, b synchronous toothed belt 26, transmission linear guide rail 11 and slide block 13, its each parts The assembly relationship between them is the same as that of the X-axis drive assembly;

The Z-axis drive assembly includes a Z-direction stepper motor 27, two Z-axis 19, a Z-direction screw mandrel 17, a lifting platform 20 and a Z-direction nut; the Z-direction stepper motor 27 is fixed on the bottom of the frame 4 by bolts, Connected with one end of the Z-direction screw rod 17, the lifting platform 20 is equipped with a Z-direction screw nut set on the Z-direction screw rod 17, the lifting platform 20 is slidingly connected with the Z-axis 19, and the Z-axis 19 is installed on the frame 4; two The Z-axis 19 is parallel to the Z-direction screw rod 17 and arranged vertically;

In the A-axis driving assembly, the A-axis stepping motor 8 is connected to the A-axis motor support 7 through a number of uniformly distributed fastening screws, and is connected to one end of the A-axis 5 through a coupling 9 to provide the rotation of the entire A-axis device. Power; one end of the A-axis 5 cooperates with the bearing 6 with a seat, and is positioned by a shaft shoulder; the outside of the A-axis 5 cooperates with the bushing 28. In order to facilitate the forming and manufacturing of brackets with different inner diameters, the bushings 28 have the same inner diameter but different outer diameters There are a series of sizes to choose from; A-axis 5 is equipped with a heating rod 31 and a thermistor sensor 32; a slip ring 33 is fixed inside the other end of A-axis 5, leading out the heating circuit wires in the shaft to connect with the control components; the flat plate 21 is connected to the lifting There are three springs 29 between the platforms 20, and the leveling screws 30 pass through the springs 29 to connect the flat plate 21 and the lifting platform 20 for adjusting the levelness of the flat plate 21; the A-axis motor bracket 7 and the bearing with seat 6 are fixed by hexagon socket bolts on the plate 21.

The invention has the beneficial effect of overcoming the problems of difficult molding and poor surface quality of the structure caused by the need to add cumbersome auxiliary support structures to the traditional 3D printer to manufacture similar pipe-network support structure models. The printing device can easily prepare the thin-walled tube network structure without adding any auxiliary support structure during the printing process, which simplifies the complex operation process such as post-processing, saves printing materials, and effectively improves the forming rate and The surface quality is of great significance for the realization of thin-walled tube mesh scaffolds and other special and complex structures. In the present invention, the A-axis device is flexible in control, easy to install and disassemble, and can form a series of test pieces with inner diameters by replacing shaft sleeves with different outer diameters. It is simple, practical, easy to operate and popularize, and improves the working efficiency of structure printing.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the 3D printing device, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the 3D printing device without the frame, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the A-axis device of the 3D printing device.

In the figure: 1. Rotary button; 2. Display screen; 3. SD card slot; 4. Frame; 5. A-axis; 6. Bearing with seat; 7. A-axis motor bracket; 9. Coupling; 10. Extrusion stepping motor; 11. Transmission linear guide; 12. Y-direction stepping motor; 13. Slider; 14. Fixing frame; 15. Extrusion head; 16. Cooling fan; 17 , Z-direction screw; 18, X-direction stepping motor; 19, Z-axis; 20, lifting platform; 21, flat plate; 22, linear guide rail; 23, a synchronous belt gear; Synchronous belt gear; 26, b synchronous toothed belt; 27, Z direction stepper motor; 28, bushing; 29, spring; 30, leveling screw; 31, heating rod; 32, thermistor sensor; 33, slip ring .

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

Attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 are schematic diagrams of the overall structure of the 3D printing device, and Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the A-axis device of the 3D printing device. As shown in the figure, the printing device is composed of a frame, a printing nozzle assembly, a control assembly, an X-axis drive assembly, a Y-axis drive assembly, a Z-axis drive assembly, and an A-axis drive assembly; the control assembly coordinates and controls the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis The axis drives the movement of the assembly, so as to realize the horizontal movement of the printing head assembly in the X and Y directions and the up and down movement in the Z direction. The surface of the A-axis can be used as a printing working platform to achieve continuous rotation in the direction of rotation, and the entire A-axis device can move up and down in the direction of the Z-axis, thus realizing the four-axis linkage of the entire device.

The print nozzle assembly is composed of an extrusion stepper motor 10, an extrusion head 15, a fixed frame 14, a heat dissipation fan 16 and two linear guide rails 22; a heating rod and a temperature sensor are installed inside the extrusion head 15; in order to reduce the weight of the print nozzle device , Extrusion stepper motor 10 is contained in frame 4 rear side, feeds for extrusion head.

The control assembly includes a main control board, a rotary button 1, a display screen 2 and an SD card slot 3; The control component controls the temperature control system consisting of heating rods and thermistor sensors in the A-axis drive component through proportional-integral-differential control, which can ensure that the surface of the A-axis is accurately maintained at a constant temperature and improve the molding rate and quality of parts.

The X-axis driving assembly is composed of an X-direction stepping motor 18, a synchronous belt gear 25, a synchronous tooth belt 24, b synchronous belt gear 25, b synchronous tooth belt 26, transmission linear guide rail 11 and slider 13. The motor drives the 3D printing device to complete the X-direction movement.

The Y-axis drive assembly includes a Y-direction stepper motor 12, a synchronous belt gear 25, a synchronous tooth belt 24, b synchronous belt gear 25, b synchronous tooth belt 26, a transmission linear guide rail 11 and a slider 13, and the components are assembled The relationship is the same as for the X-axis drive assembly.

The Z-axis driving assembly is composed of a Z-direction stepping motor 27, two Z-axises 19, a Z-direction screw rod 17, a lifting platform 20 and a Z-direction screw nut. The Z-direction stepping motor 27 drives the printing device to complete the Z-direction movement.

The A-axis driving assembly consists of a flat plate 21, a spring 29, a motor bracket 7, an A-axis stepping motor 8, a shaft coupling 9, an A-axis 5, a shaft sleeve 28, a bearing with seat 6, a heating rod 31, a thermistor sensor 32 and slip ring 33, leveling screw 30 constitute. The motor bracket 7 and the bearing with seat 6 are fixed on the flat plate 21 by hexagon socket bolts; the A-axis stepping motor 8 is connected to the motor bracket 7 through a number of uniform fastening screws, and the A-axis stepping motor 8 is connected to the One end of the A-axis 5 is connected to provide power for the rotation of the entire A-axis device; one end of the A-axis 5 is matched with the bearing 6 with a seat, and is positioned by the shaft shoulder; the outside of the A-axis printing working area can be closely matched with the bushing; There are heating rods and thermistor sensors; the slip ring 33 is fixed inside the other end of the A-axis 5, and leads out the heating circuit wire in the shaft to connect with the control assembly.

The shaft sleeve in the A-axis drive assembly is removable, and there are a series of shaft sleeves with the same inner diameter but different outer diameters to choose from, which facilitates the forming and manufacturing of tubular structural models with different inner diameters.

In this example, an A shaft with a diameter of 10mm is used to cooperate with a shaft sleeve 28 with an outer diameter of 12mm, and a structure similar to the biodegradable vascular stent BVS1.1 with an inner diameter of 12mm, a thickness of 0.8mm, and a length of 35mm is printed on its surface .

Firstly, the three-dimensional modeling of the vascular stent with an inner diameter of 12 mm, a thickness of 0.8 mm, and a length of 35 mm was completed in the computer, and the generated three-dimensional model was imported into the corresponding slicing software for slicing processing and processing trajectory planning; the default wire type was selected, and the Use polylactic acid (PLA) material at the place, set the working temperature of the extrusion head 15 to 227°C, set the working temperature of the A-axis 5 to 60°C, set the speed of the cooling fan to 16, and generate a GCODE format file;

Next, assemble the shaft sleeve 28 with a diameter of 12mm and a length of 40mm with the A-axis 5, turn on the power of the 3D printing device, the printing device enters the preset program, complete the manual printing wire installation, and rotate the leveling screw on the lifting platform 20 30. Adjust the level of the A-axis device; import the generated GCODE file into the SD memory card, and then insert it into the SD card slot 3 of the control board to read the 3D model data; through the rotation button 1 of the control component, follow the display 2 Select the file to be printed as content;

Then, reset the X, Y, Z and A axes of the printing device to zero, and set the printing coordinate origin; the extrusion head 15 and the A axis 5 enter the preheating stage; after the extrusion head 15 and the A5 axis reach the specified working temperature , the main control board reads the downlink G code, under the combined motion of the X-direction drive stepper motor 18, the Y-direction drive stepper motor 12 and the Z-direction drive stepper motor 27, the extrusion head 15 and the A-axis 5 reach the first printing the starting position of the layer;

When the printer device is working, the printing material is hot-melted and extruded through the extrusion head 15, and at the same time the cooling fan 16 rotates to dissipate heat for the extrusion head; the initial distance between the extrusion head 15 and the surface of the A-axis 5 is set at 0.2-0.3mm , to ensure that the melted printing material can be bonded to the surface of the A-axis.

The main control board controls the feeding and extrusion stepping motor 10 to feed material to the extrusion head 15 at a predetermined speed, and then extrudes after being heated by the printing nozzle device. First, adjust the actual extrusion speed after the material is melted outside the A-axis printing area. After the molten material is extruded from the extrusion head at a stable speed, it starts to enter the core printing stage;

At this stage, the main board continuously reads the processing code of the file in the SD card, and drives the stepper motor 10 in the E direction, drives the stepper motor 18 in the X direction, drives the stepper motor 27 in the Z direction, and drives the stepper motor 8 in the A direction. Driven by the joint, the printing is completed layer by layer.

After the printing is completed, the extrusion stepper motor 10 stops feeding, and the overall A-axis device is driven by the Z-direction drive stepper motor 27 to drop to the Z-axis zero point, and the X-axis and Y-axis are also returned to zero point one after another. The extrusion head 15 Stop heating, cool down by cooling fan 16. The A-axis unit also stops heating and cools down at room temperature.

The printing device uses the surface of the A-axis that rotates continuously in a full circle as the forming platform, and its printing working area adopts a detachable sleeve method, which can very conveniently prepare thin-walled tube network structures, and effectively improves the forming rate and surface of the test piece. quality.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of four-axle linked 3D printing device based on fusion sediment principle, it is characterized in that, printing equipment by frame (4), beat Print nozzle component, control assembly, X-axis drive component, Y-axis drive component, Z axis drive component and A axles drive component composition；

The printing head component is by extrusion stepper motor (10), extruder head (15), fixed mount (14), radiator fan (16) and two Root line slideway (22) is constituted；Heating rod and temperature sensor are housed inside extruder head (15)；The outside two ends dress of fixed mount (14) There is radiator fan (16), internal vertical is furnished with two sliding bearings, on two line slideways (22)；Guide rail two ends are solid respectively It is scheduled on X, on the sliding block (13) of Y-axis；To mitigate printing head installation weight, extrusion stepper motor (10) has been mounted in after frame (4) Sideways, it is extruder head (15) feeding；

The control assembly is made up of master control borad, rotary knob (1), display screen (2) and SD card groove (3)；Master control borad is mounted in frame (4) bottom, rotary knob (1) and display screen (2) are mounted in frame (4) front downside；

The X-axis drive component is from X to stepper motor (18), synchronizing belt gear a (25), synchronous toothed belt a (24), synchronizing belt gear B (25), synchronous toothed belt b (26), drive linear guide rail (11) and sliding block (13) composition；X is arranged on frame to stepper motor (18) (4) on, synchronizing belt gear a (25) is arranged on X on the motor shaft of stepper motor (18), one end dress of drive linear guide rail (11) There are synchronizing belt gear b (25), synchronizing belt gear a (25) and synchronizing belt gear b (25) to pass through synchronous toothed belt a (24) connections；Two Parallel X is to placement in the same plane for drive linear guide rail (11), and drive linear guide rail (11) two ends are respectively arranged with synchronizing belt gear b (25)；Connected between two line slideways by two timing belt b (26) positioned at two ends；It is all solid on two timing belt b (26) Surely there is sliding block (13)；

The Y-axis drive component is by Y-direction stepping motor (12), synchronizing belt gear a (25), synchronous toothed belt a (24), synchronizing belt gear Assembly relation drives with X-axis between b (25), synchronous toothed belt b (26), drive linear guide rail (11) and sliding block (13) composition, its each part Dynamic component is identical；

The Z axis drive component is by Z-direction stepping motor (27), two Z axis (19), Z-direction screw mandrel (17), hoistable platform (20) and Z Constituted to screw；Z-direction stepping motor (27) is bolted on frame (4) bottom, is connected with Z-direction screw mandrel (17) one end, Hoistable platform (20) is built with Z-direction nut sleeve on Z-direction screw mandrel (17), and hoistable platform (20) is slidably connected with Z axis (19), Z Axle (19) is arranged in frame (4)；Two Z axis (19) are parallel with Z-direction screw mandrel (17) and arrange vertically；

A shaft step motors (8) are connected to A spindle motors support (7) by some uniform trip bolts in the A axles drive component On, it is connected by shaft coupling (9) with A axles (5) one end, is the powered rotation of whole A shaft devices；A axles (5) one end is with usheing to seat Bearing (6) coordinates, and using shaft shoulder positioning；A axles (5) are outside to be coordinated with axle sleeve (28), and axle sleeve (28) is that internal diameter is identical, but external diameter Difference has a series of sizes selective；Heating rod (31) and thermistor (temperature) sensor (32) are housed inside A axles (5)；Slip ring (33) It is fixed on inside A axles (5) other end, heating circuit wires in axle is drawn and are connected with control assembly；Flat board (21) is flat with lifting There are three springs (29) between platform (20), levelling bolt (30) connects flat board (21) and hoistable platform through spring (29) (20), for adjusting the levelness of flat board (21)；A spindle motors support (7) and rolling bearing units (6) are fixed on by hexagon socket head cap screw On flat board (21).