CN106972244B - Vehicle-mounted radar array antenna - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted radar array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN106972244B CN106972244B CN201710114480.8A CN201710114480A CN106972244B CN 106972244 B CN106972244 B CN 106972244B CN 201710114480 A CN201710114480 A CN 201710114480A CN 106972244 B CN106972244 B CN 106972244B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted radar array antenna which comprises a radiation sheet array and an impedance matching network, wherein the radiation sheet array and the impedance matching network are arranged on the same plane, and the radiation sheet array is in a bilaterally symmetrical arrangement structure by taking the impedance matching network as a central axis. The invention adopts a novel feed network, namely based on the impedance matching and phase shift principle of the microstrip line, realizes the related parameter requirements of the antenna radiation array in a simple implementation form, and further realizes the optimization of products. Simulation and antenna sample debugging of the vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar array antenna are convenient and fast. The microstrip impedance matching network and the array antenna are arranged in the same plane, so that the profile of the whole radar antenna is reduced, and the duty ratio of an antenna feed part in the whole vehicle-mounted radar is effectively compressed. The new design concept and design method can break through the traditional complicated feed power division network structure on the back, effectively reduce the electromagnetic interference on other radio frequency devices, and have profound commercial application value in practical engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a vehicle-mounted radar array antenna.
Background
The unmanned automobile is an intelligent automobile which senses road environment through a vehicle-mounted sensing system, automatically plans a driving route and controls the automobile to reach a preset target. The vehicle-mounted sensor is used for sensing the surrounding environment of the vehicle, and controlling the steering and the speed of the vehicle according to the road, the vehicle position and the obstacle information obtained by sensing, so that the vehicle can safely and reliably run on the road. The system integrates a plurality of technologies such as automatic control, a system structure, artificial intelligence, visual calculation and the like, is a product of high development of computer science, mode recognition and intelligent control technology, is an important mark for measuring national scientific research strength and industrial level, and has wide application prospect in the fields of national defense and national economy.
The unmanned driving technology is a future safe driving trend, is a technology for connecting active safety and unmanned driving, and is called an Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). The millimeter wave radar is a key ring of the ADAS system, and can provide functions of lane changing assistance, adaptive cruise, collision early warning and the like for a driver, so that driving comfort is improved, and accident rate is reduced. The frequency change rule of the received echo and the transmitted frequency of the radar are the same, the frequency change rule is a triangular wave rule, only a time difference exists, and parameters such as a target distance, an angle, a speed and the like can be calculated by using the frequency difference caused by the small time difference.
One of the key components of a millimeter wave vehicle-mounted radar system (unmanned technology) is a millimeter wave anti-collision radar array antenna system. The technical requirements of the antenna system are as follows: high gain, high radiation efficiency, narrow beam width, and a working bandwidth band of millimeter wave band, small size, low profile, low cost, etc. The design and debugging difficulty of the 24G anti-collision radar antenna array is high, and few mature cases are used for reference in China. At present, to meet the technical requirements, the corresponding structure becomes complicated, the cost is increased, and the application and popularization are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted radar array antenna with high gain, low interference and high radiation efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the vehicle-mounted radar array antenna comprises a radiation sheet array and an impedance matching network, wherein the radiation sheet array and the impedance matching network are arranged on the same plane, and the radiation sheet array is in a bilateral symmetry arrangement structure by taking the impedance matching network as a central axis. The microstrip feed matching network has the functions of phase adjustment and impedance matching, is positioned in the same plane with the radiation patch array, is easy to integrate, reduces the duty ratio of the antenna, can reduce the electromagnetic interference of the traditional complicated matching network on a radio frequency circuit, and effectively reduces the adverse effect on other radio frequency circuits.
Preferably, the impedance matching network is composed of microstrip line routing. The impedance matching and the phase shift and the phase adjustment are realized through the microstrip line,
further preferably, the impedance matching network includes a power divider, an impedance transformer, and a phase shift control section, and the phase shift control section includes a first phase shift control section having a phase adjustment function and a second phase shift control section generating a phase difference of 180 degrees. The impedance matching network has an impedance matching function so as to reduce loss, and also has a phase shift or phase adjustment function so as to adjust the beam radiated by the antenna and realize 180-degree phase difference, thereby realizing current homodromous and increasing radiation gain; the power distribution function is also provided, and the power utilization efficiency can be improved by adjusting the part.
Further preferably, the impedance converter is a rectangular trace, the power divider is disposed at one side of the impedance converter in a right-angle manner, and the first phase shift control portion and the second phase shift control portion are respectively connected to two sides of the impedance converter in a bent trace manner. And the phase shift is realized by adopting a microstrip line bending form.
Preferably, the radiation patch array includes a plurality of groups of radiation patch serial units with one ends connected to the impedance matching network, and each group of radiation patch serial units includes a plurality of radiation patches which are sequentially connected in series, have the same length, and have widths which are sequentially decreased from one end connected to the impedance matching network to the outside. The lengths of the radiating fins are controlled to be the same, the antenna is ensured to work at a resonant frequency, and the impedance matching is further adjusted by adjusting the width of the radiating fins.
Preferably, the radiation patch array and the impedance matching network are arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, a single feed point is arranged on the impedance matching network, and a feed signal transmission device arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate penetrates through the dielectric substrate to be connected with the single feed. The single feed point feedback mode is simple and effectively reduces the influence on other radio frequency circuits or devices.
Further preferably, the feed signal transmission device comprises an SMP-M connector, and the SMP-M connector is connected with the single feed point through a microstrip transmission line. The microstrip transmission line on the back can perform impedance matching between the feed port and the radiation array, and effectively reduces energy consumption. The microstrip transmission line and the SMP-M interface have simple structure, effectively reduce transmission loss and processing cost
Further preferably, the tail end of the single microstrip transmission line is connected with a single feed point through a metalized feed through hole. The feed signal is transmitted to the impedance matching network and the radiation array in the top layer by connecting the single feed, so that the occupied space of the feed network can be effectively reduced, and the interference to other radio frequency circuits or devices is further reduced.
Further preferably, the dielectric substrate is of a multilayer structure, a metal layer is arranged between every two layers of the dielectric substrate of the multilayer structure, and matched radio frequency circuit design can be carried out between the plate layers.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is provided with a circular hole having a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the metalized feed through hole for the metalized feed through hole to pass through, and a circular groove having a diameter larger than that of the circular hole is formed in a position of the metal layer corresponding to the circular hole. And the smooth energy transmission is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a vehicle-mounted radar array antenna, which is a 24G vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar array antenna suitable for automobile safety obstacle avoidance, is a key and difficult technology in future unmanned application, and has the effects of small size, high main lobe radiation gain, high-efficiency side lobe suppression, narrow E-plane radiation beam angle, wide H-plane beam angle and high radiation efficiency, and an impedance matching network and a radiation sheet array are designed in a coplanar manner and are easy to integrate. The vehicle-mounted radar antenna works in the impedance bandwidth range of 24-24.25GHz, and the design problem of the high-frequency-band antenna is solved. The design of the radiation sheet array not only can improve the main radiation gain, but also can improve the radiation directivity according to the requirement, and meets the requirement on the small size of the whole antenna. Therefore, the antenna has the advantages of high gain, low profile, high efficiency, small E-plane half-power radiation direction angle of less than 15 degrees, high radiation gain of more than 3dB within +/-45 degrees of an H plane, maximum gain in the direction near 25 degrees and the like. The impedance matching network can be adjusted correspondingly to meet parameter requirements or performance requirements of different antenna products. The invention is different from the traditional complicated feed network design on the back, and is used as the antenna array design of the K wave band, the impedance matching network of the invention is designed based on the relevant impedance matching theory and relevant research of electromagnetism, the impedance matching design coplanar with the radiation array unit and the feed mode of a single feed point effectively reduce the interference to other radio frequency circuits, improve the compatibility of the radio frequency circuits, and have good application prospect in the future unmanned technology or vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar system.
The design of the vehicle-mounted radar array antenna disclosed by the invention adopts an array form of a microstrip radiation patch and combines the design of a feed matching network. The problems that the traditional antenna is complex in structure and high in processing cost and debugging difficulty are solved. The method has the advantages of single feed point, easy calculation and adjustment and low cost, and is convenient for application and popularization of industrial products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a radiation patch array and an impedance matching network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an impedance matching network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a simulation curve of S11 of the antenna radiation array unit at 23GHz-25GHz, and the simulation result of S11 shows that the-10 dB impedance frequency band range is 23.67GHz-24.26 GHz.
Fig. 5 is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna radiation array unit at the frequency point of 24GHz according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna radiation array unit at the frequency point of 24.125GHz according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna radiation array unit at the frequency point of 24.25GHz according to the embodiment of the invention.
The antenna comprises a radiation sheet array 1, an impedance matching network 2, a single feed 3, a first phase shift curve 11, a second phase shift curve 12, a third phase shift curve 13, a fourth phase shift curve 14, a fifth phase shift curve 15, a sixth phase shift curve 16, a seventh phase shift curve 17, an eighth phase shift curve 18, a ninth phase shift curve 19, a first impedance transformer 21, a second impedance transformer 22, a third impedance transformer 23, a fourth impedance transformer 24, a fifth impedance transformer 25, a sixth impedance transformer 26, a first power divider 31, a second power divider 32, a third power divider 33, a fourth power divider 34, a fifth power divider 35, an SMP-M connector 41, a blind via 42, a microstrip 43, and a metalized feed through hole 44.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiment discloses a 24G vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar array antenna, as shown in fig. 1, which can be used as a transmitting end or a receiving end of the 24G vehicle-mounted anti-collision radar antenna, and the embodiment takes the transmitting end as an example, and provides a novel 24G/77G impedance matching network design, and the impedance matching form applied to the transmitting end antenna array is researched based on the microwave/millimeter wave impedance matching correlation theory. The array antenna comprises a radiation piece array 1 formed by arranging 5 x 10 radiation pieces, wherein the radiation piece array 1 is a radiation part, an impedance matching network 2 is arranged on the same plane of the radiation piece array 1, the radiation piece array is in a bilateral symmetry serial arrangement structure by taking the impedance matching network 2 as a central axis, the radiation piece array comprises 10 groups of radiation piece serial units, each group of radiation piece serial units comprises five radiation piece serial units with equal length which are sequentially connected in series, the length is set to be about 1/2 medium wavelength in the embodiment, the radiation piece array is ensured to work at a resonance frequency, the radiation pieces with gradually decreased widths, one end of the radiation piece with the largest width is connected with the impedance matching network 2, the radiation piece is a microstrip patch unit, the whole size of the antenna is 65mm x 30mm, and the antenna has a low size advantage in a similar vehicle-mounted radar antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, the impedance matching network is in the form of microstrip line trace, has phase shift adjustment and impedance matching functions, and includes a power divider, an impedance transformer, a first phase shift control section and a second phase shift control section, where the power divider is in the form of a right angle and has a power distribution function, and can improve power utilization efficiency by adjusting the power divider, and includes a first power divider 31, a second power divider 32, a third power divider 33, a fourth power divider 34 and a fifth power divider 35, and the impedance transformer is a rectangular trace and has functions of impedance matching and reducing energy consumption, and includes a first impedance transformer 21, a second impedance transformer 22, a third impedance transformer 23, a fourth impedance transformer 24, a fifth impedance transformer 25 and a sixth impedance transformer 26; the first phase shift control part and the second phase shift control part are both bent routing lines. The first phase shift control part can realize phase adjustment, and further performs beam adjustment on an antenna radiation beam, wherein the beam adjustment comprises a first phase shift curve 11, a second phase shift curve 12, a third phase shift curve 13 and a fourth phase shift curve 14; the second phase shift control part can realize 180-degree phase difference, aims to realize current syntropy and increase radiation gain, and comprises a fifth phase shift curve 15, a sixth phase shift curve 16, a seventh phase shift curve 17, an eighth phase shift curve 18 and a ninth phase shift curve 19. The first power divider 31, the first impedance transformer 21, the first phase shift curve 11, the second impedance transformer 22, the second power divider 32, the second phase shift curve 12, the third impedance transformer 23, the third power divider 33, the third phase shift curve 13, the fourth impedance transformer 24, the fourth power divider 34, the fifth impedance transformer 25, the fourth phase shift curve 14, the sixth impedance transformer 26 and the fifth power divider 35 are sequentially connected, the single feed point 3 is connected between the second phase shift curve and the third impedance transformer 23, the fifth phase shift curve 15 is further connected to the connection of the first power divider 31 and the first impedance transformer 21, the sixth phase shift curve 17 is further connected to the connection of the second power divider 32 and the second impedance transformer 22, the seventh phase shift curve 17 is further connected to the connection of the third power divider 33 and the third impedance transformer 23, the eighth phase shift curve 18 is further connected to the connection of the fourth power divider 34 and the fourth impedance transformer 24, the joint of the fifth power divider 35 and the sixth impedance transformer 26 is further connected with a ninth phase shift curve 19, and both ends of the fifth phase shift curve 15, the sixth phase shift curve 16, the seventh phase shift curve 17, the eighth phase shift curve 18 and the ninth phase shift curve are connected with the radiation sheet serial connection unit.
The radiation sheet array 1 and the impedance matching network 2 are arranged on the first layer surface of the 5 layers of dielectric substrates, a metal layer is further arranged between every two layers of the 5 layers of dielectric substrates, so that 4 layers of metal layers are arranged in total, and the bottom surface of the fifth layer of dielectric substrate is provided with a feed signal transmission device which comprises an SMP-M connector 41, a microstrip transmission line 43 and a metalized feed through hole 44. The SMP-M connector 41 is provided with a plurality of blind holes 42 for preventing electromagnetic wave leakage and ensuring low-loss transmission of energy, one end of a microstrip transmission line 43 is connected with the SMP-M connector 41, the other end of the microstrip transmission line is connected with a metalized feed through hole 44, a metal probe of the SMP-M connector 41DE is pressed at the center line of the microstrip transmission line 43, and the microstrip transmission line is provided with gaps at two sides according to the CPWG related theory. The metallized feed through hole 44 passes through the 5-layer dielectric substrate and the 4-layer metal layer and then is connected with the single feed point 3 to complete the back feed type feed connection. Wherein, set up the round hole that the diameter equals with metallization feed through-hole 44 external diameter on 5 layers of dielectric substrate, supply metallization feed through-hole to pass, set up the circular slot that the diameter is greater than the round hole with the round hole concentric on the position that four layers of metal level correspond the round hole, the diameter ratio of circular slot and round hole is: 4: 1, the diameter of the circular groove of the embodiment is 1.6 mm. And the stable energy transmission of the feed signal from the fifth-layer dielectric substrate to the first-layer dielectric substrate is ensured.
FIG. 4 shows the simulation result of S11, wherein the-10 dB impedance frequency band is 23.67GHz-24.26GHz and comprises three frequency points of 24GHz, 24.125GHz and 24.25 GHz. Fig. 5-7 show radiation pattern characteristics at frequency points of 24GHz, 24.125GHz, and 24.25GHz, respectively. Research shows that both simulation and test results basically meet the design requirements.
The middle three layers of the 5-layer dielectric substrate are FR4 dielectric boards, and the upper and lower two layers are Rogers dielectric boards.
The structure of the vehicle-mounted radar array antenna can be used as a transmitting end or a receiving end of the radar antenna, the radiating sheet array can also select different numbers of radiating sheets to be arranged according to the rule adopted by the invention, and the vehicle-mounted radar array antenna with high gain, low interference and high radiation efficiency is realized by combining an impedance matching network. Meanwhile, the invention is not limited to specific materials, and other related low-consumption media can be filled in the antenna radiation piece, but the size of the antenna radiation piece is adjusted according to the design points and rules disclosed by the invention.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention, which is described in greater detail and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concept, and such obvious alternatives fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An on-vehicle radar array antenna characterized in that: the antenna comprises a radiation sheet array and an impedance matching network which are arranged on the same plane, wherein the radiation sheet array is in a bilateral symmetry arrangement structure by taking the impedance matching network as a central axis; the radiation sheet array and the impedance matching network are arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, a single feed point is arranged on the impedance matching network, and a feed signal transmission device is arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate and penetrates through the dielectric substrate to be connected with the single feed point; the feed signal transmission device comprises an SMP-M joint, and the SMP-M joint is connected with a single feed point through a microstrip transmission line; a plurality of blind holes are formed in the SMP-M connector, a metal probe of the SMP-M connector is pressed at the middle line of the microstrip transmission line, and gaps are formed on two sides of the microstrip transmission line;
the impedance matching network consists of microstrip line routing; the impedance matching network comprises a power divider, an impedance converter and a phase shift control part, wherein the phase shift control part comprises a first phase shift control part with a phase adjusting function and a second phase shift control part for generating a phase difference of 180 degrees, and the first phase shift control part and the second phase shift control part are respectively connected to two sides of the impedance converter in a bent routing manner; the impedance converter is a rectangular wire, and the power divider is arranged on one side of the impedance converter in a right-angle mode.
2. The vehicle radar array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radiating fin array comprises a plurality of groups of radiating fin serial units, one ends of the radiating fin serial units are connected with the impedance matching network, each group of radiating fin serial units comprise a plurality of radiating fins which are sequentially connected in series, the lengths of the radiating fins are the same, and the widths of the radiating fins are gradually reduced from one end of the radiating fin serial unit connected with the impedance matching network to the outer side.
3. The vehicle radar array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the microstrip transmission line is connected with the single feed point through the metalized feed through hole.
4. The vehicular radar array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: the dielectric substrate is of a multilayer structure, and a metal layer is arranged between every two layers of the dielectric substrate of the multilayer structure.
5. The vehicular radar array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: the medium substrate is provided with a round hole with the diameter equal to the outer diameter of the metalized feed through hole for the metalized feed through hole to pass through, and a round groove with the diameter larger than that of the round hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the round hole, of the metal layer.
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| CN201710114480.8A CN106972244B (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | Vehicle-mounted radar array antenna |
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| CN201710114480.8A CN106972244B (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | Vehicle-mounted radar array antenna |
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| KR101519875B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-05-20 | 블루웨이브텔(주) | Microstrip patch array antenna with flat-top and low side lobe beam pattern |
| CN204464546U (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-08 | 福州迈可博电子科技有限公司 | A T-SMP radio frequency connector structure |
| CN205004425U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-27 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Board carries stripline merit and divides ware |
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| CN202817194U (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-03-20 | 星动通讯科技（苏州）有限公司 | A wireless communication base station array antenna with wide frequency band, dual polarization, and low profile |
| CN204732538U (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-10-28 | 湖北大学 | A kind of Sierpinski fractal microstrip array antenna |
| CN205509019U (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-08-24 | 芜湖森思泰克智能科技有限公司 | 77GHz vehicle radar microstrip antenna that large -space structured formation |
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