CN106965433B - Five 3D printers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-axis 3D printer which comprises a connecting frame body, a printing seat and a driving motor, wherein the printing body is arranged on the connecting frame body; the printing body and the printing are connected to the connecting frame body and respectively connected with the corresponding driving motors, and the connecting frame body comprises an upper frame body and a lower frame body; the printing body is connected to the upper frame body, and the printing seat is connected to the lower frame body; the upper frame body is connected with the lower frame body through three upright posts, and the printing body is respectively connected with the three upright posts through connecting rods and can move up and down relative to the upright posts; the printing body is also connected with a horizontal rotating mechanism; the 3D printing device disclosed by the invention realizes five-axis printing, solves the problems of low printing efficiency and high material consumption in printing a model with a complex structure of the conventional printer equipment, has a simple structure, is convenient to install and use, has high printing flexibility, greatly improves the printing efficiency of a 3D printer and reduces the printing cost.

Description

A five-axis 3D printer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to a five-axis 3D printer.

Background technique

3D printing technology is a type of rapid prototyping manufacturing technology that has developed rapidly in recent years. It is based on computer technology, through software layered discrete and numerical control molding systems, using high-energy laser beams, hot-melt nozzles, etc. to process metals, ceramic powders, plastics, etc. The manufacturing method of layer-by-layer accumulation and bonding of materials such as cell tissue and cell tissue. At present, the most widely used in the field of 3D printing technology is called fusion deposition molding, that is, FDM method, which mainly transports thermoplastic polymer wires to high-temperature printing heads, melts the wires and continuously extrudes molten polymers, and Three-dimensional shapes are built on the printer base by layer-by-layer accumulation under precise positioning.

Existing 3D printers can only realize the movement of the printer nozzle along the three directions of X, Y, and Z, that is, there are only 3 axes, and 3-axis printing has the defect of low printing efficiency. When the printing model is complicated, a large amount of support is needed as an auxiliary, which wastes a lot of printing materials. By adding reasonable devices, the nozzles of traditional 3D printers can be rotated along the Z-axis and X-axis, which can enable the nozzles to print sideways, which can reduce the support materials when printing complex models and improve printing efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a five-axis 3D printer for the above-mentioned problems, by adding a horizontal rotation mechanism with the X axis as the rotation axis and a Z axis with the Z The rotating mechanism with the shaft as the rotating shaft enables the 3D printing of the present invention to realize five-axis printing, which solves the problems of low printing efficiency of existing printer equipment and high consumables when printing models with complex structures. Its structure is simple, easy to install and use, and print The nozzle can be adjusted according to the different positions and structures of the printing model, and the printing base cooperates with each other, so the printing flexibility is high, which greatly improves the printing efficiency of the 3D printer and reduces the printing cost.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

The five-axis 3D printer of the present invention includes a connecting frame, a printing body, a printing seat, and a driving motor; It includes an upper frame and a lower frame; the printing body is connected to the upper frame, and the printing seat is connected to the lower frame; the upper frame and the lower frame are connected through three columns, and the printing body is connected through a connecting rod It is respectively connected with the three uprights, and can move up and down relative to the uprights; the printing body is also connected with a horizontal rotation mechanism.

Due to the adoption of the above structure, the three columns are connected with the printing, and the movement of the printing body in the X, Y, and Z directions along the relative upper frame is realized through the vertical movement of the slider on the column relative to the column, and the machine forms a three-dimensional structure. Axis printing action, a horizontal rotation mechanism is set on the printing body, so that the nozzle on the printing body can rotate with one of the horizontal axes X and Y as the rotation center, which increases a horizontal rotation degree of freedom of the printing nozzle, and by printing The base is set to rotate around the Z axis so that when the nozzle rotates, the lateral printing of the model can be realized, so that the 3D printer of the present invention can be upgraded to a five-axis printer, which can print the printed model in multiple directions, print the body and print The base cooperates with each other, which greatly improves the printing efficiency. At the same time, when printing a model with a complex structure, it can be printed directly without supporting auxiliary materials, which reduces the printing consumables of the printer, avoids the waste of materials, and greatly reduces the printing cost. , which is simple in structure, strong in implementability, and has good application value.

In the five-axis 3D printer of the present invention, the column is provided with a slider, a transmission belt and a pulley; one end of the connecting rod is connected to the slider, and the other end is connected to the printing body; the slider is connected to the transmission belt, and the transmission belt is connected to the column. The pulleys arranged at the upper and lower ends are connected, and the slider is driven to move up and down along the column under the rotation of the pulley; the pulley is connected with the motor, and the motor drives the pulley to rotate.

Due to the adoption of the above structure, the printer relies on the different moving speeds of the connecting rods under the action of the slider to obtain the position positioning in the X, Y, and Z directions. Movement in the Z-axis direction, similarly, the movement on the X-axis and Y-axis can be realized by changing different moving speeds. The rotating pulleys on the columns are correspondingly equipped with driving motors to drive their rotation, which are controlled separately to ensure the printing body. The position movement is precise, the printing effect of the printer is good, and the efficiency is high.

In the five-axis 3D printer of the present invention, the printing body includes a connection plate, a heat dissipation block, a nozzle seat and a print nozzle; the connection plate is connected to a connecting rod; the connection plate, the heat dissipation block and the print nozzle are sequentially connected from top to bottom ; The print nozzle is also provided with a nozzle seat, and the print nozzle is connected with the heat dissipation block through the nozzle seat; the nozzle seat is connected with the horizontal rotation mechanism; a heating block is also provided between the nozzle seat and the print nozzle; the connection Both the board and the heating block are provided with through holes, and the heat dissipation block is provided with a guide wire cavity corresponding to the position of the through holes.

Further, the lower end of the heat dissipation block is an arc-shaped end face; the guide wire cavity is composed of a cylindrical cavity at the upper end and an arc-shaped cavity at the lower end; Shaped end face rotation.

Furthermore, the cylindrical cavity is a cylindrical through-hole structure, and the arc cavity is a fan-shaped cavity; the rotation angle of the printing head is 0°-180°.

Due to the adoption of the above structure, the overall structure of the printing body is compact, and it is easy to install and use. By setting the wire guide mechanism on the upper non-connecting mechanism connecting plate and heat dissipation block of the printing nozzle, the printing filament can be effectively installed in the printing nozzle. Under the action of the heating block, it is melted and continuously extruded from the printing nozzle to form the printing model to be printed and constructed. The structural setting of the guide wire cavity avoids breaking due to the change of the wire passing structure during the rotation of the printing nozzle. Filament will affect the normal printing work of the printer.

In the five-axis 3D printer of the present invention, the lower end of the through hole of the heating block is provided with an internal thread, and the upper end of the printing nozzle is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread hole.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned mechanism, the threaded connection is easy to disassemble, and it has a good sealing effect, which is convenient for the installation, disassembly and cleaning of the print head.

In the five-axis 3D printer of the present invention, the horizontal rotation mechanism includes a support frame, a rotating shaft 2 and a motor 2; the support frame is connected to the connecting plate, and the support frame is provided with a motor 2; the motor 2 is connected to the nozzle seat through the rotating shaft 2 connection; the second rotating shaft is keyed to the nozzle seat, and passes through the nozzle seat and extends into the connection groove provided on the outer wall of the heat dissipation block.

Further, the horizontal rotation mechanism is provided with two groups, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the nozzle seat; a heat dissipation device is provided above the inner wall of the support frame, and there are two groups of heat dissipation devices, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the heat dissipation block.

Due to the adoption of the above structure, the motor drives the second rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the printing seat fixedly connected with it to rotate, and the printing seat drives the printing nozzle to rotate along the arc-shaped end surface of the heat dissipation block, so as to realize the stable rotation of the printing nozzle relative to the heat dissipation block, and the printer can pass through The rotation of the printing nozzle realizes lateral printing, so that the 3D printing model with complex structure can be printed without adding external auxiliary printing materials, which saves printing consumables, avoids material waste, reduces the printing time consumption of auxiliary material installation, and improves the printing efficiency. printing efficiency.

In the five-axis 3D printer of the present invention, the printing seat includes a base, a motor three and a rotating shaft one; the base is connected to the motor three through the rotating shaft one, the base rotates under the action of the motor three, and the motor three is connected to the lower frame.

Further, the first rotating shaft is locked to the base by locking screws, and the third motor is fixedly connected to the lower frame by bolts.

Due to the above structure, the base is directly driven by the motor, which avoids the technical problem of large horizontal errors on the upper surface of the base caused by the complex transmission chain. Sliding will affect the printing effect, and the three levels of the motor are fixed on the lower frame to ensure the structural stability and the quality of the printed model.

In summary, owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The five-axis 3D printer of the present invention has a simple structure, realizes five-axis motion printing of the printer, greatly improves printing efficiency, and has strong practicability;

2. By setting a horizontal turning mechanism on the print nozzle, the print nozzle can rotate within a certain range of rotation, and cooperate with the print base to realize lateral printing. When printing a suspended structure, it can be quickly printed without the use of external auxiliary materials. Print out, avoiding the waste of printing materials;

3. The structural design of the printing body enables the printing nozzle to rotate flexibly without breaking the filament, which ensures the orderliness and stability of printing, and the printing effect of the printer is good;

4. The printing base is directly driven by a motor, which avoids the structural instability caused by the chain drive, making the drive simple and the structure stable;

5. The structure of the printer is stable and the printing cost is low.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a five-axis 3D printer;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a column of a five-axis 3D printer;

Fig. 3 is the front view of the printing body of the five-axis 3D printer;

Fig. 4 is a left view of the printing body of the five-axis 3D printer;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a five-axis 3D printer printing body;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a printing seat of a five-axis 3D printer;

Fig. 7 is a state diagram when a five-axis 3D printer prints an ordinary rotating body;

Fig. 8 is a state diagram when a five-axis 3D printer prints a suspended structure;

Marks in the figure: 1-upper frame, 2-column, 3-slider, 4-connecting rod, 5-printing body, 6-motor 1, 7-transmission belt, 8-printing seat, 81-base, 82-motor 3. 83-rotating shaft 1, 84-locking screw, 85-bolt, 9-lower frame, 10-pulley, 11-connecting plate, 12-screw 1, 16-screw 2, 22-screw 3, 13-radiation Block, 14-support frame, 15-radiating device, 17-motor 2, 18-rotating shaft 2, 19-nozzle seat, 20-heating block, 21-print nozzle, 23-cylindrical cavity, 24-arc cavity, 25 -Threaded hole.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in detail.

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a five-axis 3D printer includes a connecting frame, a printing body 5, a printing seat 8, and a driving motor; the printing body 5 and the printing are all connected to the connecting frame, and are respectively connected to the corresponding driving motor , the connecting frame includes an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 9; the printing body 5 is connected to the upper frame 1, and the printing seat 8 is connected to the lower frame 9; between the upper frame 1 and the lower frame 9 there are three The columns 2 are connected, and the printing body 5 is respectively connected to the three columns 2 through the connecting rod 4, and can move up and down relative to the columns 2; the printing body 5 is also connected with a horizontal rotation mechanism, which can make the printing body move in X, Y Any one of the axes rotates at a certain angle horizontally to realize the lateral printing of the suspended structure. As shown in Figure 2, the column 2 is provided with a slider 3, a transmission belt 7 and a pulley 10; one end of the connecting rod 4 is connected with the slider 3, and the other end is connected with the printing body 5; the slider 3 is connected with the transmission belt 7, and the transmission belt 7 Connect with the pulley 10 that column 2 upper and lower ends are provided with, and drive slide block 3 to move up and down along column 2 under the rotation of pulley 10; Pulley 10 is connected with motor one 6, and motor one 6 drives pulley 10 to rotate. As shown in Figure 6, the printing seat 8 includes a base 81, a motor three 82 and a rotating shaft one 83; the base 81 is connected with the motor three 82 through the rotating shaft one 83, and the base 81 rotates under the action of the three motors 82, and the three motors 82 and the lower frame Body 9 is connected, rotating shaft 1 83 is locked with base 81 by locking screw 84, motor 3 82 is fixedly connected on the lower frame body 9 by bolt 85, printing seat 8 and printing body 5 complement each other, greatly improving the printing efficiency of the printer.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 3, a five-axis 3D printer based on Embodiment 1, its printing body 5 includes a connecting plate 11, a heat dissipation block 13, a nozzle seat 19 and a printing nozzle 21; the connecting plate 11 is connected to the connecting rod 4; the connecting plate 11. The heat dissipation block 13 and the printing nozzle 21 are connected sequentially from top to bottom; the printing nozzle 21 is also provided with a nozzle seat 19, and the printing nozzle 21 is connected with the heat dissipation block 13 through the nozzle seat 19; the nozzle seat 19 is connected with the horizontal rotation mechanism; the nozzle A heating block 20 is also provided between the seat 19 and the printing nozzle 21 ; through holes are provided on the connecting plate 11 and the heating block 20 , and a guide wire cavity corresponding to the position of the through hole is provided in the heat dissipation block 13 . The lower end of the cooling block 13 is an arc-shaped end face; as shown in Figure 5, the guide wire cavity is composed of a cylindrical cavity 23 at the upper end and an arc-shaped cavity 24 at the lower end; The arc-shaped end face rotates. The cylindrical cavity 23 is a cylindrical through-hole structure, and the arc-shaped cavity 24 is a fan-shaped cavity; the rotation angle of the print head 21 is 0°-180°. The lower end of the through hole of the heating block 20 is provided with an internal thread, and the upper end of the printing nozzle 21 is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread hole 25 .

Example 3

As shown in Figure 3, a kind of five-axis 3D printer based on embodiment 2, its horizontal rotation mechanism includes support frame 14, rotating shaft 2 18 and motor 2 17; Two motors 17; Two motors 17 are connected with the shower head seat 19 through the rotating shaft two 18; There are two groups of horizontal rotation mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the nozzle seat 19; a cooling device 15 is also arranged above the inner wall of the support frame 14, and there are two groups of cooling devices 15, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cooling block 13; as shown in the figure As shown in 4, the horizontal turning mechanism and the cooling device 15 are connected to each other through the first screw 12, the second screw 16, and the third screw 22, so as to ensure the relative stability of their connection positions.

Example 4

As shown in Figure 7, a kind of 3D printer based on above-mentioned embodiment, when printing revolving body part, its printing process can be set as: adopt printer base 81 to rotate, and printing nozzle 21 only moves along vertical direction and horizontal direction at the time of printing , can improve the printing efficiency, the base 81 rotates, and the printing nozzle 21 only needs to move a distance of the wall thickness of the rotating cylinder in the horizontal direction, that is, the printing of a layer of model is completed. After printing a layer of model, the printing nozzle 21 It is necessary to move a layer thickness in the vertical direction, and move a wall thickness in the horizontal direction, so that the printing of the rotary model can be completed in such a cycle. Compared with the existing printing that uses the printing nozzle 21 to do circular motion for printing, this device uses the base to rotate The way to print, the printing speed is faster.

Example 5

As shown in Figure 8, a kind of 3D printer based on the above-mentioned embodiment, when the model has the suspended structure shown in the figure, the traditional 3D printer can only start to increase the expenditure structure from the base 81 perpendicular to the suspended hole structure, so that not only A lot of printing materials will be wasted, and the time for model printing will be increased.

The 3D printer adopted in this embodiment can rotate because the print nozzle 21 of the printer can rotate, so when encountering such a model with a suspended structure, the printing process can be set as follows: adjust the angle of the print nozzle 21 through a horizontal rotation mechanism, so that the print nozzle 21 Vertical to the suspended structure, the printing nozzle 21 exerts a certain extrusion force on the melted printing material in the horizontal direction, so that the melted wire sticks to the solidified structure, avoids the support structure, and saves printing materials and printing time. After printing the cylindrical structure in the middle space, adjust the printing nozzle 21 to the horizontal direction, at this time, the base 81 keeps rotating, and the printing nozzle 21 sticks to the solidified outer wall of the cylinder after extruding the melted wire, and the printing nozzle 21 moves along the Moving in the vertical direction, the height of the printing nozzle 21 is equal to the height of the overhanging structure. After printing a layer thick, the printing nozzle 21 moves radially along the cylinder by one layer height, and so on until the printing of the model is completed.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (8)

1. A five-axis 3D printer comprises a connecting frame body, a printing body (5), a printing seat (8) and a driving motor; print body (5) and print seat (8) and all connect on connecting the framework to be connected its characterized in that with its driving motor who corresponds respectively: the connecting frame body comprises an upper frame body (1) and a lower frame body (9); the printing body (5) is connected to the upper frame body (1), and the printing seat (8) is connected to the lower frame body (9); the upper frame body (1) is connected with the lower frame body (9) through three upright posts (2), and the printing body (5) is respectively connected with the three upright posts (2) through connecting rods (4) and can move up and down relative to the upright posts (2); the printing body (5) is also connected with a horizontal rotating mechanism, and the horizontal rotating mechanism enables the printing body (5) to rotate horizontally by a certain angle on any one of an X axis and a Y axis;

the printing body (5) comprises a connecting plate (11), a heat dissipation block (13), a nozzle base (19) and a printing nozzle (21); the connecting plate (11) is connected with the connecting rod (4); the connecting plate (11), the heat dissipation block (13) and the printing nozzle (21) are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the printing nozzle (21) is also provided with a nozzle base (19), and the printing nozzle (21) is connected with the heat dissipation block (13) through the nozzle base (19); the spray head seat (19) is connected with the horizontal rotating mechanism; a heating block (20) is also arranged between the spray head seat (19) and the printing spray head (21); through holes are formed in the connecting plate (11) and the heating block (20), and a wire guide cavity corresponding to the through holes is formed in the heat dissipation block (13);

the lower end of the heat dissipation block (13) is an arc-shaped end face; the thread guide cavity consists of a cylindrical cavity (23) at the upper end and an arc-shaped cavity (24) at the lower end; the printing spray head (21) rotates along the arc-shaped end face of the lower radiating block (13) under the action of the horizontal rotating mechanism.

2. The five-axis 3D printer of claim 1, wherein: the upright post (2) is provided with a sliding block (3), a transmission belt (7) and a pulley (10); one end of the connecting rod (4) is connected with the sliding block (3), and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the printing body (5); the sliding block (3) is connected with a transmission belt (7), the transmission belt (7) is connected with pulleys (10) arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the upright post (2), and the sliding block (3) is driven to move up and down along the upright post (2) under the rotation of the pulleys (10); the pulley (10) is connected with a first motor (6), and the first motor (6) drives the pulley (10) to rotate.

3. The five-axis 3D printer of claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical cavity (23) is of a cylindrical through hole structure, and the arc-shaped cavity (24) is a fan-shaped cavity; the rotation angle of the printing spray head (21) is 0-180 degrees.

4. The five-axis 3D printer according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the lower end of the through hole of the heating block (20) is provided with an internal threaded hole (25), and the upper end of the printing nozzle (21) is provided with an external thread matched with the internal threaded hole (25).

5. The five-axis 3D printer of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal rotating mechanism comprises a support frame (14), a second rotating shaft (18) and a second motor (17); the supporting frame (14) is connected with the connecting plate (11), and a second motor (17) is arranged on the supporting frame (14); the second motor (17) is connected with the spray head base (19) through a second rotating shaft (18); the second rotating shaft (18) is in key connection with the spray head seat (19) and penetrates through the spray head seat (19) to extend into a connecting groove formed in the outer wall of the heat dissipation block (13).

6. The five-axis 3D printer of claim 5, wherein: the two groups of horizontal rotating mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the spray head seat (19); and heat dissipation devices (15) are further arranged above the inner side wall of the support frame (14), and two groups of heat dissipation devices (15) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the heat dissipation block (13).

7. The five-axis 3D printer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the printing seat (8) comprises a base (81), a motor III (82) and a rotating shaft I (83); the base (81) is connected with the motor III (82) through the rotating shaft I (83), the base (81) rotates under the action of the motor III (82), and the motor III (82) is connected with the lower frame body (9).

8. The five-axis 3D printer of claim 7, wherein: the first rotating shaft (83) is locked with the base (81) through a locking screw (84), and the third motor (82) is fixedly connected to the lower frame body (9) through a bolt (85).

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