CN106956765B - Carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle for improving receiving sensitivity of satellite receiver - Google Patents
Carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle for improving receiving sensitivity of satellite receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN106956765B CN106956765B CN201710080342.2A CN201710080342A CN106956765B CN 106956765 B CN106956765 B CN 106956765B CN 201710080342 A CN201710080342 A CN 201710080342A CN 106956765 B CN106956765 B CN 106956765B
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/36—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like adapted to receive antennas or radomes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C2001/0054—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
- B64C2001/0072—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机，包括无人机设备舱、天线安装底板、卫星接收天线，所述的无人机设备舱上开设有透波窗口，所述的透波窗口是在无人机设备舱的头部采用透波蒙皮，本发明是在碳纤维机身上增加透波窗口为核心，配以提高天线安装位置、在安装底板上采取屏蔽措施；透波窗口主要用于提高卫星信号的穿透效果，避免碳纤维机身对卫星信号的屏蔽效果；提高卫星接收天线安装位置主要用于增加卫星接收角度，避免无人机转弯时机身对接收天线的遮挡造成接收星数减小，定位精度下降；卫星接收天线安装底板上增加屏蔽措施，主要用于屏蔽机载电子设备的电磁干扰，最终达到提高接收灵敏度的效果。
The invention discloses a carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle that improves the receiving sensitivity of a satellite receiver, including an unmanned aerial vehicle equipment cabin, an antenna installation base plate, and a satellite receiving antenna. The unmanned aerial vehicle equipment cabin is provided with a wave-transparent window, The wave-transparent window is a wave-transparent skin on the head of the UAV equipment cabin. The present invention is to increase the wave-transparent window on the carbon fiber fuselage as the core, improve the installation position of the antenna, and adopt shielding on the installation bottom plate. Measures; the wave-transparent window is mainly used to improve the penetration effect of satellite signals and avoid the shielding effect of the carbon fiber fuselage on satellite signals; improving the installation position of the satellite receiving antenna is mainly used to increase the angle of satellite reception to avoid the impact of the fuselage when the UAV turns. The occlusion of the receiving antenna reduces the number of receiving satellites and the positioning accuracy; shielding measures are added to the base plate of the satellite receiving antenna, which is mainly used to shield the electromagnetic interference of the airborne electronic equipment, and finally achieve the effect of improving the receiving sensitivity.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于无人机电磁兼容性设计领域，具体是指一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机。The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility design of unmanned aerial vehicles, and specifically refers to an unmanned aerial vehicle with a carbon fiber fuselage that improves the receiving sensitivity of a satellite receiver.
背景技术Background technique
为了提高任务载重，目前有许多类型的中小型无人机采取碳纤维机身。在安装卫星接收天线时，如果将卫星接收天线安装于机身外部，会对整体气动性能带来一定影响，而且在无人机转弯时由于机身的遮挡会造成接收星数减少、定位精度下降。将卫星接收天线安装于机身内可以避免这一缺陷，然而，若将卫星接收天线安装于机身内，由于碳纤维或金属机身的屏蔽效能，会极大降低接收灵敏度，影响定位精度。这两种情况均可能会带来一系列的安全隐患甚至产生坠机的危险，严重时甚至会危及人员安全。In order to increase the mission load, there are currently many types of small and medium-sized UAVs using carbon fiber fuselages. When installing the satellite receiving antenna, if the satellite receiving antenna is installed outside the fuselage, it will have a certain impact on the overall aerodynamic performance, and when the drone is turning, the number of receiving satellites will be reduced and the positioning accuracy will be reduced due to the occlusion of the fuselage . Installing the satellite receiving antenna in the fuselage can avoid this defect. However, if the satellite receiving antenna is installed in the fuselage, due to the shielding effect of the carbon fiber or metal fuselage, the receiving sensitivity will be greatly reduced and the positioning accuracy will be affected. These two situations may bring a series of potential safety hazards and even the danger of crashing, and even endanger the safety of personnel in severe cases.
因此，在保持无人机本身的气动外形和已有天线安装底板的情况下提高无人机卫星接收机的灵敏度，提高无人机飞行的安全性，提高碳纤维机身无人机卫星接收机接收灵敏度一直是本领域技术人员待解决的技术难题。Therefore, while maintaining the aerodynamic shape of the drone itself and the existing antenna installation base, the sensitivity of the satellite receiver of the drone is improved, the safety of the drone flight is improved, and the reception of the satellite receiver of the carbon fiber body drone is improved. Sensitivity has always been a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机，通过在无人机机身上增加透波窗口，铺设透波材料、提高接收天线安装位置以及在天线安装底板上采取屏蔽措施，最终可以增加天线可接收角度，减小机载电子设备对卫星接收机的电磁干扰，从而达到提高卫星信号的接收效果。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a carbon fiber fuselage UAV that improves the receiving sensitivity of the satellite receiver. By adding a wave-transparent window on the UAV body, laying wave-transparent materials, and improving the receiving antenna The installation position and the shielding measures taken on the antenna installation base plate can finally increase the receiving angle of the antenna and reduce the electromagnetic interference of the airborne electronic equipment to the satellite receiver, thereby improving the reception effect of satellite signals.
本发明是这样实现的，本发明提供了一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机，包括无人机设备舱、天线安装底板、卫星接收天线，所述的无人机设备舱上开设有透波窗口，所述的透波窗口是在无人机设备舱的头部采用透波蒙皮；所述的透波窗口底部平面与卫星接收天线底部平面夹角≥25°；无人机的碳纤维材料机身，卫星天线安装于机内时碳纤维材料和机内电子设备会对卫星接收效果产生一定影响，通过开设有透波窗口，用于提高卫星信号的穿透效果，避免碳纤维机身对卫星信号的屏蔽效果；与此同时，增加的透波窗口，不影响无人机结构强度，不影响无人机的气动性能。如条件允许，整个设备舱在航向方向上都应铺设透波蒙皮；由于大部分无人机转弯时的安全倾角为25°，因此水平方向上透波窗口底部平面与卫星接收天线底部平面夹角≥25°，这样的角度可以保证在无人机转弯时卫星天线不受机身遮挡，仍能接收水平面以上的卫星信号。The present invention is achieved in this way, the present invention provides a kind of carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle that improves satellite receiver receiving sensitivity, comprises unmanned aerial vehicle equipment compartment, antenna installation base plate, satellite receiving antenna, described unmanned aerial vehicle equipment compartment A wave-transparent window is provided on the top, and the wave-transparent window adopts a wave-transparent skin at the head of the UAV equipment cabin; the angle between the bottom plane of the wave-transparent window and the bottom plane of the satellite receiving antenna is ≥25°; no The carbon fiber material fuselage of the man-machine, when the satellite antenna is installed in the machine, the carbon fiber material and the electronic equipment in the machine will have a certain impact on the satellite reception effect. By opening a wave-transparent window, it is used to improve the penetration effect of satellite signals and avoid carbon fiber. The shielding effect of the fuselage on satellite signals; at the same time, the increased wave-transmissive window does not affect the structural strength of the UAV, nor does it affect the aerodynamic performance of the UAV. If conditions permit, the entire equipment compartment should be paved with a wave-transparent skin in the direction of heading; since the safe inclination angle of most UAVs when turning is 25°, the plane between the bottom plane of the wave-transparent window and the bottom plane of the satellite receiving antenna in the horizontal direction Angle ≥ 25°, this angle can ensure that the satellite antenna is not blocked by the fuselage when the drone is turning, and can still receive satellite signals above the horizontal plane.
进一步，所述的透波蒙皮为玻璃钢材料蒙皮。Furthermore, the wave-transparent skin is made of fiberglass material.
进一步，所述的透波蒙皮还可以为塑料、纤维布或泡沫材料。Furthermore, the transparent skin can also be made of plastic, fiber cloth or foam material.
进一步，所述的卫星接收天线与天线安装底板之间通过天线安装螺丝以及六角螺帽连接，并安装于无人机设备舱的机身内部框架中。Further, the satellite receiving antenna is connected to the antenna mounting base plate through antenna mounting screws and hexagonal nuts, and is installed in the internal frame of the fuselage of the UAV equipment cabin.
进一步，所述的卫星接收天线的最高处与无人机设备舱顶部的距离为3mm；卫星接收天线应尽可能接近机舱顶部。考虑到无人机飞行时机身的振动情况，为了避免卫星接收天线与舱顶发生碰撞造成损伤，卫星接收天线最高处与设备舱顶部的距离保持在3mm。提高卫星接收天线安装位置主要用于增加卫星接收角度，避免无人机转弯时机身对接收天线的遮挡造成接收星数减小，定位精度下降，提高卫星接收效果。Further, the distance between the highest point of the satellite receiving antenna and the top of the UAV equipment cabin is 3 mm; the satellite receiving antenna should be as close as possible to the top of the cabin. Considering the vibration of the fuselage when the UAV is flying, in order to avoid damage caused by the collision between the satellite receiving antenna and the cabin roof, the distance between the highest point of the satellite receiving antenna and the top of the equipment cabin is kept at 3mm. Improving the installation position of the satellite receiving antenna is mainly used to increase the satellite receiving angle, avoiding the shielding of the receiving antenna by the fuselage of the UAV when the UAV is turning, resulting in a decrease in the number of receiving satellites, a decrease in positioning accuracy, and improving the satellite receiving effect.
进一步，所述的天线安装底板通过底板安装螺丝以及自锁螺母固定在底板安装支架上；卫星接收天线常见安装方法为直接用螺丝固定在安装底板上；当提高安装位置后，需要在安装时在卫星天线与安装底板之间加装六角形螺帽保证安装的牢固性。Further, the antenna mounting base plate is fixed on the base plate mounting bracket through the base plate mounting screws and self-locking nuts; the common installation method of the satellite receiving antenna is to directly fix the mounting base plate with screws; A hexagonal nut is installed between the satellite antenna and the installation base plate to ensure the firmness of the installation.
进一步，所述的天线安装底板的底部胶粘有一层铜箔；在不改变已有安装底板形状以及不增加重量的情况下，在天线安装底板上增加屏蔽措施；可提高无人机卫星接收天线的接收剖面，隔离机载电子设备对接收机的电磁干扰，提高无人机卫星接收效果。Further, a layer of copper foil is glued to the bottom of the antenna installation base plate; without changing the shape of the existing installation base plate and without increasing the weight, shielding measures are added to the antenna installation base plate; the UAV satellite receiving antenna can be improved. Receive profile, isolate the electromagnetic interference of airborne electronic equipment to the receiver, and improve the effect of UAV satellite reception.
进一步，所述的透波窗口外部喷涂黑色透波漆；喷涂的黑色透波漆达到保持机身在视觉上的一致性的效果。Further, the outside of the wave-transparent window is sprayed with black wave-transparent paint; the sprayed black wave-transparent paint achieves the effect of maintaining the visual consistency of the fuselage.
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果在于：The beneficial effect of the present invention with respect to prior art is:
1）本发明均由常用器件构成，成本低廉、安装方便、高效和复杂程度度，在机身上增加透波窗口，辅以提高天线安装位置和在安装底板上增加屏蔽措施；在机身上增加透波窗口和提高卫星接收天线安装位置，可以提高卫星接收效果；通过在天线下部采取屏蔽措施，可以有效减小机载电子设备对卫星接收机的电磁干扰，提高电磁兼容性。1) The present invention is composed of commonly used components, with low cost, convenient installation, high efficiency and high complexity. A wave-transmitting window is added to the fuselage, supplemented by improving the installation position of the antenna and adding shielding measures on the installation base plate; on the fuselage Increasing the wave-transparent window and improving the installation position of the satellite receiving antenna can improve the satellite receiving effect; by taking shielding measures at the lower part of the antenna, the electromagnetic interference of the airborne electronic equipment to the satellite receiver can be effectively reduced and the electromagnetic compatibility can be improved.
2）应用方便，无需改动无人机的整体外形，在现有安装方式上采取简单措施便可以提高卫星接收机接收效果，不影响无人机结构强度和气动性能；2) It is easy to apply, without changing the overall shape of the UAV, and taking simple measures in the existing installation method can improve the receiving effect of the satellite receiver without affecting the structural strength and aerodynamic performance of the UAV;
3）安装简单，操作便捷，可应用于所有碳纤维机身无人机上，为其推广应用创造了有利条件。3) It is easy to install and easy to operate, and can be applied to all carbon fiber body UAVs, creating favorable conditions for its promotion and application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机的卫星接收天线安装示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of satellite receiving antenna installation schematic diagram of the carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle that improves satellite receiver receiving sensitivity of the present invention;
图2是本发明一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机的透波窗口前视剖面图；Fig. 2 is the front view sectional view of a wave-transmitting window of a carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle that improves the receiving sensitivity of the satellite receiver of the present invention;
其中，1-无人机设备舱，2-机身内部框架，3-碳纤维蒙皮，4-自锁螺母，5-天线安装底板，6-玻璃钢材料蒙皮，7-卫星接收天线，8-天线安装螺丝，9-六角螺帽，10-底板安装螺丝，11-底板安装支架。Among them, 1-UAV equipment compartment, 2-Fuselage internal frame, 3-Carbon fiber skin, 4-Self-locking nut, 5-Antenna installation bottom plate, 6-FRP material skin, 7-Satellite receiving antenna, 8- Antenna mounting screws, 9-hex nut, 10-base plate mounting screws, 11-base plate mounting bracket.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明提供一种提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度的碳纤维机身无人机，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚，明确，以及参照附图并举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当指出此处所描述的具体实施仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention provides a carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle that improves the receiving sensitivity of satellite receivers. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be pointed out that the specific implementations described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明的碳纤维机身无人机包括无人机设备舱1、天线安装底板5、卫星接收天线7，卫星接收天线7与天线安装底板5之间通过天线安装螺丝8以及六角螺帽9连接，并将卫星接收天线7固定于天线安装底板5之上，并安装于无人机设备舱1的机身内部框架2中，所述的无人机设备舱1上开设有透波窗口，所述的透波窗口是在无人机设备舱1的头部采用透波蒙皮铺设，透波蒙皮为玻璃钢材料蒙皮6或者其他透波材料蒙皮：塑料、纤维布或泡沫材料。As shown in Figure 1, the carbon fiber fuselage unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention comprises unmanned aerial vehicle equipment compartment 1, antenna installation base plate 5, satellite receiving antenna 7, by antenna installation screw 8 and between satellite receiving antenna 7 and antenna installation base plate 5 The hex nut 9 is connected, and the satellite receiving antenna 7 is fixed on the antenna installation base plate 5, and is installed in the fuselage internal frame 2 of the unmanned aerial vehicle equipment cabin 1, and the described unmanned aerial vehicle equipment cabin 1 is provided with The wave-transparent window, the wave-transparent window is laid on the head of the UAV equipment cabin 1 with a wave-transparent skin, the wave-transparent skin is a fiberglass material skin 6 or other wave-transparent material skins: plastic, fiber cloth or foam.
在无人机机身框架上铺设碳纤维蒙皮时，根据需要裁剪出透波窗口位置，透波窗口使用玻璃钢材料蒙皮6，其余位置仍铺设碳纤维蒙皮3；铺设完毕后在透波窗口处喷涂黑色透波漆，保持机身在视觉上的一致性。When laying the carbon fiber skin on the fuselage frame of the UAV, cut out the position of the wave-transparent window according to the needs. Spray black transparent paint to maintain the visual consistency of the fuselage.
天线安装底板5通过底板安装螺丝10以及自锁螺母4固定在底板安装支架11上，天线安装底板5的底部上增加屏蔽措施，具体是在卫星天线安装底板底部采用胶粘的方式增加一层铜箔，可以在不增加重量和改变现有安装方式的情况下有效实现对机舱内电磁干扰的屏蔽功能，提高电磁兼容性；卫星接收天线应尽可能接近机舱顶部。考虑到无人机飞行时机身的振动情况，为了避免卫星接收天线与舱顶发生碰撞造成损伤，因此将卫星接收天线7的最高处与无人机设备舱1顶部的距离为3mm；提高卫星接收天线7安装位置主要用于增加卫星接收角度，避免无人机转弯时机身对接收天线的遮挡造成接收星数减小，定位精度下降。The antenna mounting base plate 5 is fixed on the base plate mounting bracket 11 through the base plate mounting screws 10 and self-locking nuts 4. Shielding measures are added to the bottom of the antenna mounting base plate 5, specifically, a layer of copper is added to the bottom of the satellite antenna mounting base plate by gluing. Foil can effectively realize the shielding function of electromagnetic interference in the cabin and improve electromagnetic compatibility without increasing the weight and changing the existing installation method; the satellite receiving antenna should be as close as possible to the top of the cabin. Considering the vibration of the fuselage when the UAV is flying, in order to avoid damage caused by the collision between the satellite receiving antenna and the cabin roof, the distance between the highest point of the satellite receiving antenna 7 and the top of the UAV equipment cabin 1 is 3 mm; The installation position of the receiving antenna 7 is mainly used to increase the satellite receiving angle, so as to avoid the shielding of the receiving antenna by the fuselage of the drone when the UAV is turning, resulting in a decrease in the number of receiving satellites and a decrease in positioning accuracy.
如图2所示，透波窗口开设要求为：如条件允许，整个设备舱在航向方向上都应铺设透波蒙皮；由于大部分无人机转弯时的安全倾角为25°，因此水平方向上透波窗口底部平面与卫星接收天线7底部平面夹角应≥25°，可以保证在无人机转弯时卫星天线不受机身遮挡，仍能接收水平面以上的卫星信号。As shown in Figure 2, the requirements for opening the wave-transparent window are: if conditions permit, the entire equipment cabin should be covered with a wave-transparent skin in the heading direction; since the safe inclination angle of most UAVs when turning is 25°, the horizontal direction The angle between the bottom plane of the upper transparent window and the bottom plane of the satellite receiving antenna 7 should be ≥ 25°, which can ensure that the satellite antenna is not blocked by the fuselage when the drone is turning, and can still receive satellite signals above the horizontal plane.
在实际飞行试验中发现，在飞机以25°倾斜角转弯时，卫星定位星数由原4颗星以下显著提高到7颗星以上，有效提高了飞行安全性。在实际应用中有效提高卫星接收机接收灵敏度6dB以上。In the actual flight test, it was found that when the aircraft turned at a tilt angle of 25°, the number of satellite positioning stars was significantly increased from less than 4 stars to more than 7 stars, which effectively improved flight safety. In practical application, the receiving sensitivity of the satellite receiver is effectively improved by more than 6dB.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements can also be made, and these improvements should also be regarded as the present invention. protection scope of the invention.
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