A kind of combining inverter compensating control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronic equipment control technology field, more particularly to a kind of combining inverter compensation
Control method.
Background technology
Combining inverter is that, by the device of DC side electric energy feed-in power network in the way of sine-wave current, it is inverse
Become a kind of form of device application.The inverter being incorporated into the power networks is widely used, such as alternating current electronic load, can be again
The occasion that raw energy large-scale grid connection generates electricity is required for grid-connected inverters to run, by the electric energy feedback in system extremely
In power network.However, being polluted in order to avoid the grid-connected current of poor quality to power network, the ripple of grid-connected current
Form quality amount has strict requirements, and electric current is the sine wave with voltage with same frequency and reversed-phase, and meets International Power committee member
Can standard.It is as follows to the current specification of combining inverter feed-in power network in the world:Waveform is sine, total harmonic wave
Aberration rate THD is less than 5%, and each harmonic is less than 3%.
It is to determine to select corresponding filter construction and suitable grid-connected control method according to different workplaces
The key of the current quality of combining inverter feed-in power network.The performance of combining inverter, which is directly connected to, is incorporated to electricity
The quality of electric energy in net, and distributed generation system energy conversion efficiency.The effect of combining inverter is
The energy of distributed generation unit and the DC form of tank voltage is converted to the energy of form of communication, so that
It is attached with external electrical network and energy exchange.Now, the control targe of inverter is usually output wattful power
Rate and output reactive power.
The control mode of combining inverter is divided into two kinds of voltage control and current control.Voltage control is equivalent to general
Inverter is equivalent to a voltage source, its output voltage phase, frequency is fully equivalent to power network by control
Voltage, the amplitude of amplitude tracking line voltage, essence is equivalent to by two voltage source parallel connections.But due to civil power
Voltage is likely to produce distortion or larger harmonic wave during operation, and inverter can be caused to export can not be accurate
Line voltage is tracked, makes the increase of control difficulty.In addition, this by controlling inverter output voltage come indirectly
The control mode of control grid-connected current can not make grid-connected current reach preferable quality.
There are following several control modes in the prior art:
1) Direct Current Control mode is broadly divided into Hysteresis control and triangular wave control.
2) Hysteresis control uses hysteresis comparator, and the deviation of reference current and actual grid-connected current is defeated as its
Enter, hysteresis comparator produces pwm signal, by controlling the break-make of inverter circuit switching power devices to control
Grid-connected current processed.If setting hysteresis comparator ring width as 2h, it is possible to by grid-connected current control default
Within the scope of, make grid-connected current be serrated ground track reference electric current.For this control method, scope
Set larger to systematic influence:When ring width is wider, the frequency reduction of switch motion, but error increase, harmonic wave
It is very big;When ring width is narrower, error reduces, harmonic wave reduction, but switch motion frequency is too high, and switching loss increases
Greatly.For the disadvantages mentioned above of hysteresis comparator, a kind of solution is to use synchro switch method, i.e. timing control
The instantaneous value manner of comparison of system.
Hysteresis comparator is more due to the contradiction before its switching frequency and precision, and higher hamonic wave, and electromagnetism is done
Disturb larger, act in actual applications limited.The wide control mode of application is triangular wave controlling party at present
Formula.
3) triangular wave control mode can use the control of the different complete paired systems of controller, and such as PI is controlled,
Repetitive controller, track with zero error etc..The waveform drawn after the regulation of current error via controller is carried out with triangular wave
Compare, generate SPWM ripples, control the break-make of device for power switching.Triangular wave control mode power switch
Frequency is equal to carrier frequency, and noise is low, it is easy to design wave filter, various ways can be taken to be controlled, and drops
Low error.
In general, the inverter constituted using power electronic devices can produce substantial amounts of current harmonics, therefore,
The wave filter that passive device is constituted is used to filter these harmonic waves.The wave filter that combining inverter is used is usual
There are two kinds:Inductance (LC) wave filter and inductor-capacitor-inductance (LCL) wave filter.It is identical in inductance value,
In the case that cost is suitable, LCL filter has more preferable filter effect.However, LCL filter conduct
One third-order system, easily produces resonance, causes the unstable of system.
LC wave filters are also referred to as passive filter, are traditional harmonic compensation devices.Why is LC wave filters
Referred to as passive filter, is exactly that the device need not be additionally provided power supply as its name suggests.LC wave filters are general
It is by filter condenser, reactor and resistor is appropriately combined forms, it is in parallel with harmonic source, make except filtering is played
With outer, the need for also taking into account reactive-load compensation;LC wave filters are divided into LC low pass filters, LC according to function
Bandpass filter, high-pass filter, LC all-pass filters, LC bandstop filters;It is divided into list again by tuning
Tuning filtering device, double-tuned filter and three-tuned filter etc. are several.
LC wave filters design cycle mainly considers that its resonant frequency and capacitor are pressure-resistant, the resistance to stream of reactor.In electricity
In sub-line road, inductance coil is to exchange current limiting effect, by the induction reactance formula X of inductanceL=2 π fL are understood, electric
Sense L is bigger, and frequency f is higher, and induction reactance is bigger.Therefore inductance coil has logical low frequency, hinders the effect of high frequency, this
It is that LC filter circuit example inductance is exactly below the filtering principle of inductance in the most common effect of circuit to be exactly
Together with electric capacity, LC filter circuits are constituted.Ability of the electric capacity with " resistance direct current, lead to exchange ", and inductance
Then there is the function of " logical direct current, resistance exchange, leads to low frequency, hinders high frequency ".
If the direct current with many interference signals is passed through LC filter circuits, then, AC influence signal
Major part will be prevented absorption from becoming magnetic strength and heat energy by inductance, and remaining major part is by capacitive bypass to ground, and this is just
The effect of interference signal can be suppressed, purer DC current is just obtained in output end.The original of filter circuit
Reason is really that the combination of L, c element fundamental characteristics is utilized.Because the capacitive reactance x of capacitorc=2nfc again 1 can be with
Signal frequency is raised and diminished, and the induction reactance x of inductorl=2f can be raised and increased with signal frequency, if handle
Electric capacity, inductance carry out series, parallel or series-parallel connection application, and the impedance that they are combined also can be with signal frequency difference
This shows that very little or very big reactance can be presented to certain frequency signal in different filter circuits to generation very people's change mouth,
Allow the frequency signal to pass through with enable or hinder it to pass through, so as to play certain frequency signal of selection and filter
Except the effect of certain frequency signal.
Generally, suppressing resonance has two ways:One kind is passive damped method, and another is active damping method.
So-called passive damped method, is usually to increase resistance in inverter circuit directly to increase the resistance of LCL filter
Buddhist nun, but either series connection or parallel resistance, can increase the excess loss of system.So-called active damping
Method, is usually taken the control to contravarianter voltage electric current to realize the purpose of suppression resonance, conventional high-order pole
The bicyclic PI control strategies of point configuration, weighted current average back PI control strategies, and grid-connected current,
Three ring PI control strategies of capacitance voltage and inductive current etc..
But, in above method, although PI controllers can make grid-connected inverter system have preferable property
Can, when system is larger by external disturbance, its dynamic property also needs to further improve grid-connected right to meet
The requirement of current waveform and total harmonic distortion factor.It can be carried by the way of other controllers are combined with PI controls
High system robustness.
But combining inverter is a complicated nonlinear system, accurate Mathematical Modeling is set up to it often non-
It is often difficult.And in the design process of controller, it is often necessary to it is designed according to the Mathematical Modeling of system.
It can only obtain approximate model at present for combining inverter and Accurate Model can not be accomplished.If simultaneously
Having seen of net inverter introduces fuzzy control in that system, then can partly be compensated the characteristics of fuzzy control and be
The inexactness of system model.Compared with traditional control method, fuzzy control using control object as "black box", it
Independent of the Mathematical Modeling of system, and it is to rely on the fuzzy rule being simply converted into by operating experience, statement
Then, it is one kind of Based Intelligent Control.
Often robustness height, dynamic property are good for the system of addition fuzzy control.By fuzzy control and other controls
Method is combined, and is to compare multiplex combining inverter control mode at present, development potentiality is larger.But pass
The control parameter of system fuzzy control method is fixed, it is impossible to carry out on-line tuning with the working condition of system.
The ratio and integral coefficient of PI controllers are constant, and this causes in system architecture change or parameter fluctuation (such as
External electrical network structure is broken down or inner side DC bus-bar voltage is acutely raised) when, inverter without
The quick accurate tracing control instruction of method, it is impossible to the active and reactive power of regulation input and output in time.Reduction
The stability and antijamming capability of net inverter.
The content of the invention
The present invention is based on the one or more problems of the above there is provided a kind of combining inverter compensating control method,
It is low to solve combining inverter networking current quality present in prior art, it is impossible to realize voltage dynamically benefit
The problem of repaying.
Wherein, the combining inverter compensating control method, including:
Off-network independent operating is first carried out before combining inverter is grid-connected;
Inversion module output reactive component is controlled, it is described grid-connected after pre-excitation, pre-excitation to be carried out to transformer
Inverter is connected to the grid;
When, which there is voltage, in the combining inverter grid entry point voltage increases above the limitation of predeterminated voltage deviation,
The grid connected inverter absorption reactive power is controlled, realizes and the dynamic of point of common coupling voltage is adjusted, make simultaneously
Site voltage recovers to voltage deviation scope;
When Voltage Drop occurs in the grid entry point voltage, the combining inverter is controlled to send reactive power,
The control for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the combining inverter with grid entry point voltage compensation is realized, makes the grid entry point voltage
Recover to normal voltage range.
Further, the control inversion module output reactive component, is included with carrying out pre-excitation to transformer:
Using the output quantity of excitation instruction module output as the reference signal of q shaft current adjusters, inverter is controlled
Export reactive component and pre-excitation is carried out to inverter;The excitation instruction module includes at least one input quantity,
The output quantity of the excitation instruction module is by a monotonically increasing function with the upper limit by the input quantity
Computing is obtained.
Further, the input quantity of the excitation instruction module is the no-load current of the combining inverter.
Further, the input quantity of the excitation instruction module is the no-load current of the combining inverter, with
And the mould of line voltage vector.
Further, the pre-excitation completes to refer to:The exciting current of the combining inverter reaches that it is unloaded
Current value;
The DC bus-bar voltage that direct current signal detection module is detected during whole off-network independent operating is tieed up all the time
Hold on minimum operation DC bus-bar voltage point and kept for one time set in advance.
Further, the dynamic adjustment to point of common coupling voltage includes:
The three-phase instantaneous voltage of combining inverter grid entry point is gathered in real time, by voltage transient amplitude and Voltage Reference
Amplitude, which is compared, obtains error magnitude;
The error magnitude is obtained into voltage adjustment reactive-load compensation electric current after the regulation of voltage compensation pi regulator,
After voltage adjustment reactive-load compensation electric current is superimposed with quadrature network reference value, then inverter is controlled.
Further, the control generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems to combining inverter with grid entry point voltage compensation includes:
Grid entry point three-phase instantaneous voltage is obtained into voltage under two-phase rotating coordinate system by coordinate transform;
Calculated by amplitude and obtain grid entry point voltage magnitude;
Reactive voltage component is compared with reference value, error is obtained simultaneously after pi regulator control through integrator
The real-time phase of site voltage;
Combining inverter is completed according to the voltage magnitude and the voltage-phase to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and grid entry point voltage
Compensate control function.
Further, the voltage magnitude is calculated as:Wherein, Ud、UqIt is instantaneous for three-phase
Value of the voltage under two-phase rotating coordinate system.
Further, the grid entry point voltage compensation is realized by equation below:
E (k)=Uref-Uamp
I (k)=kvp[e(k)-e(k-1)]
ei(k)=Id-Id(k)
Id(k)=Id(k-1)+kip[ei(k)-ei(k-1)]+ke(k)
eIq(k)=Iq-Iq(k)
Iq(k)=Iq(k-1)+kip[ei(k)-ei(k-1)]+ke(k)
Wherein:K represents kth secondary control, and e (k) represents voltage deviation, UrefRepresent the Voltage Reference width of setting
Value, UampGrid entry point voltage monitoring amplitude is represented, I (k) represents voltage control unit reactive-load compensation electric current, Id(k)
Represent reactive current component, Iq(k) active current, k are representedipRepresent voltage controller scale parameter, kvp
Represent voltage controller integral parameter, IdRepresent reactive current total amount, IqRepresent watt current total amount.
Further, power network specification pair is increased above when voltage occurs in the grid entry point voltage of the combining inverter
During the limitation of voltage deviation, output first voltage compensation electric current, the idle ginseng given with the combining inverter
Examine electric current superposition and obtain new idle reference current, control the grid connected inverter absorption reactive current, make simultaneously
Site voltage recovers to voltage deviation scope;
When Voltage Drop occurs in the grid entry point voltage, output second voltage compensation electric current is and described grid-connected
The given idle reference current superposition of inverter, controls the combining inverter to send reactive current, makes described
Grid entry point voltage recovers to normal voltage range.
The combining inverter compensating control method that the present invention is provided, compared with prior art, on the one hand need not
Extra voltage compensation unit is installed, directly voltage compensated in itself using combining inverter;The opposing party
Face, says in terms of control strategy, and traditional voltage compensation strategy is all steady state voltage compensation policy, compensation speed
Degree is slow, it is impossible to meet the requirement of voltage compensation dynamic response, and voltage compensation precision is also than relatively low,
The compensation capacity provided is needed than larger.The present invention can not only be realized to grid entry point voltage with dynamic realtime
Control, meets the dynamic response requirement of voltage compensation, and with good compensation precision, required benefit
Repay capacity also much smaller compared with Traditional control strategy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of combining inverter compensating control method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the combining inverter structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention two;
Fig. 3 is a kind of control principle drawing of combining inverter compensating control method of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.If it should be noted that do not rushed
Prominent, each feature in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment can be combined with each other, the protection in the present invention
Within the scope of.
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of combining inverter compensating control method, as shown in figure 1, this method
Including:
101st, off-network independent operating is first carried out before combining inverter is grid-connected;
102nd, control inversion module output reactive component carries out parallel network reverse after pre-excitation, pre-excitation to transformer
Device is connected to the grid;
The step is specifically included:Using the output quantity of excitation instruction module output as the reference of q shaft current adjusters
Signal, control inverter output reactive component carries out pre-excitation to inverter;The excitation instruction module includes
At least one input quantity, the output quantity of the excitation instruction module is that input quantity is had into the upper limit by one
Monotonically increasing function computing is obtained.
Wherein, the input quantity of the excitation instruction module is the no-load current of the combining inverter.
The input quantity of the excitation instruction module is the no-load current of the combining inverter, and line voltage
The mould of vector.
The pre-excitation completes to refer to:The exciting current of the combining inverter reaches its no-load current value;
The DC bus-bar voltage that direct current signal detection module is detected during whole off-network independent operating is tieed up all the time
Hold on minimum operation DC bus-bar voltage point and kept for one time set in advance.
103rd, when voltage, which occurs, in combining inverter grid entry point voltage increases above the limitation of predeterminated voltage deviation,
Grid connected inverter absorption reactive power is controlled, realizes and the dynamic of point of common coupling voltage is adjusted, make grid entry point
Voltage recovers to voltage deviation scope;
Wherein, the dynamic adjustment to point of common coupling voltage includes:
The three-phase instantaneous voltage of combining inverter grid entry point is gathered in real time, by voltage transient amplitude and Voltage Reference
Amplitude, which is compared, obtains error magnitude;
The error magnitude is obtained into voltage adjustment reactive-load compensation electric current after the regulation of voltage compensation pi regulator,
After voltage adjustment reactive-load compensation electric current is superimposed with quadrature network reference value, then inverter is controlled.
Specifically, increasing above power network specification to voltage deviation when voltage occurs in combining inverter grid entry point voltage
Limitation when, output first voltage compensation electric current, with combining inverter give idle reference current be superimposed
To new idle reference current, grid connected inverter absorption reactive current is controlled, grid entry point voltage is recovered to electricity
Press within deviation range;
104th, when Voltage Drop occurs in grid entry point voltage, control combining inverter sends reactive power, realizes
The control generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems to combining inverter with grid entry point voltage compensation, makes grid entry point voltage recover to normal electricity
Press scope.
Wherein, the control generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems to combining inverter with grid entry point voltage compensation includes:
Grid entry point three-phase instantaneous voltage is obtained into voltage under two-phase rotating coordinate system by coordinate transform;
Calculated by amplitude and obtain grid entry point voltage magnitude;
Reactive voltage component is compared with reference value, error is obtained simultaneously after pi regulator control through integrator
The real-time phase of site voltage;
Combining inverter is completed according to the voltage magnitude and the voltage-phase to generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and grid entry point voltage
Compensate control function.
Specifically, the voltage magnitude is calculated as:Wherein, Ud、UqIt is instantaneously electric for three-phase
It is pressed in the value under two-phase rotating coordinate system.
The grid entry point voltage compensation is realized by equation below:
E (k)=Uref-Uamp
I (k)=kvp[e(k)-e(k-1)]
ei(k)=Id-Id(k)
Id(k)=Id(k-1)+kip[ei(k)-ei(k-1)]+ke(k)
eIq(k)=Iq-Iq(k)
Iq(k)=Iq(k-1)+kip[ei(k)-ei(k-1)]+ke(k)
Wherein:K represents kth secondary control, and e (k) represents voltage deviation, UrefRepresent the Voltage Reference width of setting
Value, UampGrid entry point voltage monitoring amplitude is represented, I (k) represents voltage control unit reactive-load compensation electric current, Id(k)
Represent reactive current component, Iq(k) active current, k are representedipRepresent voltage controller scale parameter, kvp
Represent voltage controller integral parameter, IdRepresent reactive current total amount, IqRepresent watt current total amount.
Specifically, when Voltage Drop occurs in grid entry point voltage, output second voltage compensation electric current is and grid-connected
The given idle reference current superposition of inverter, control combining inverter sends reactive current, makes grid entry point electricity
Pressure is recovered to normal voltage range.
The combining inverter compensating control method that the present invention is provided, compared with prior art, on the one hand need not
Extra voltage compensation unit is installed, directly voltage compensated in itself using combining inverter;The opposing party
Face, says in terms of control strategy, and traditional voltage compensation strategy is all steady state voltage compensation policy, compensation speed
Degree is slow, it is impossible to meet the requirement of voltage compensation dynamic response, and voltage compensation precision is also than relatively low,
The compensation capacity provided is needed than larger.The present invention can not only be realized to grid entry point voltage with dynamic realtime
Control, meets the dynamic response requirement of voltage compensation, and with good compensation precision, required benefit
Repay capacity also much smaller compared with Traditional control strategy.
Embodiment two
The embodiment of the present invention one provides a kind of combining inverter compensating control method, applied to as shown in Figure 2
In photovoltaic combining inverter, the inverter includes:Direct current signal detection module, for detecting the straight of input side
Flow voltage/current;Inversion module, for the direct current of input to be converted into alternating current;Transformer, for inciting somebody to action
The ac output end of inverter module is isolated with power network, A.C. contactor, for switching photovoltaic combining inverter
Off-network and net state;Alternating current signal detection module, the output current for detecting photovoltaic combining inverter
And line voltage;Circuit is controlled, is controlled for the operation to photovoltaic combining inverter.
Fig. 3 is a kind of control principle drawing of combining inverter compensating control method of inventive embodiments two.Wherein,
Voltage, the collection of current sampling unit circuit mainly complete combining inverter grid entry point three-phase voltage signal and grid-connected
The collection of inverter output current signal, and send described voltage, current signal to voltage-phase and width
Value detection computing unit, voltage deviation computer voltage compensation unit, grid-connected current control unit.
Voltage-phase and the detection of amplitude detection computing unit and calculating combining inverter grid entry point voltage-phase and electricity
Pressure amplitude value.First by the way that grid entry point three-phase voltage is passed through into coordinate transform, then obtained by amplitude computing formula
Voltage magnitude.Voltage phase information and amplitude information are sent into voltage deviation to calculate and voltage compensation list
Member, grid-connected current control unit.
Voltage deviation computer voltage compensation unit mainly receives to calculate from voltage-phase and amplitude detection
The voltage magnitude information of unit, and voltage magnitude is compared with voltage setting reference value, mended by voltage
Controller is repaid, the rise of grid entry point voltage or Voltage Drop are realized and compensated.When grid entry point voltage is raised, and
Net inverter absorbs certain reactive power by voltage compensation unit;When grid entry point Voltage Drop,
Combining inverter sends certain reactive power by voltage compensation unit.
Grid-connected current control unit on the one hand normally realize by the main combining inverter grid-connected current control unit that completes
The major function generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, on the other hand receives to calculate from voltage deviation and voltage compensation unit
Grid entry point voltage compensation circuit.When grid entry point voltage is raised, combining inverter passes through grid entry point voltage deviation
Calculate and voltage compensation unit absorbs certain reactive power, it is grid-connected inverse when grid entry point Voltage Drop
Become device and certain reactive power is sent by voltage compensation unit, realize grid entry point voltage compensation
Miscellaneous function.Meanwhile, grid-connected current control unit will also produce three-phase bridge switching tube driving control signal, complete
Into the normal operation of electric current.
In above-mentioned transformer pre-excitation control process, the output current of control inversion module gradually increases from 0,
The output voltage of photovoltaic combining inverter also gradually increases with the increase of corresponding exciting current from 0, and phase
Pre- electric network voltage phase is always consistent, progressively carries out pre-excitation to transformer, when inversion module exports electricity
When stream is that the exciting current of transformer increases to the amplitudes such as no-load transformer electric current, inverter output voltage and electricity
Net also reaches unanimously, the constant output voltage signal output of inverter is now kept, until only in whole off-network
The DC bus-bar voltage that direct current signal detection module is detected in vertical running remains at minimum operation direct current
On busbar voltage point and keep a period of time, then control A.C. contactor adhesive be connected to the grid, if directly
Flow side energy it is not enough when, it may appear that DC bus-bar voltage falls less than minimum operation DC bus-bar voltage point, then
Stop off-network independent operating, and detect inverter startup again, repeat above-mentioned independent operating process.
When wherein described electric network voltage phase and inverter output voltage and electric current Park conversion, inverse transformation
The phase angle used has a variety of methods to obtain in the prior art, and the preferable method of two of which is:One is electricity
Net voltage carries out Clark conversion, by the arctan function to voltage under static rotational coordinates, and by setting
The filter filtering counted tries to achieve power network vector voltage phase angle.Two be to obtain phase angle using three-phase phase-locked loop.
Embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that description of the invention and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly use
In other related technical fields, it is included within the scope of the present invention.