CN106932817B - A kind of comprehensive detection ground sound-underwater sound signal piezoelectric transducer - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive detection ground sound-underwater sound signal piezoelectric transducer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/186—Hydrophones
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种综合检测地声‑水声信号的压电传感器，包括密闭的四方壳体，四方壳体为腔体结构，四方壳体内部设置有惯性质量球；四方壳体首尾相连的四个侧壁上均嵌设有压电陶瓷片组，四方壳体上与四个侧壁相连的其中一个前端面上设置有电荷放大器；电荷放大器用于接收并放大压电陶瓷组产生的电信号并输出电信号至外部采集设备；压电陶瓷片组包括第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片；第一压电陶瓷片靠近侧壁的外侧；第二压电陶瓷片靠近侧壁的内侧；第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片之间为密封的空腔结构。本发明可同时感应接收海洋中振动目标产生的沿海底传播的地震波信号和通过海水传播的声压信号。
The invention provides a piezoelectric sensor for comprehensive detection of geoacoustic-hydroacoustic signals, comprising a closed square shell, the square shell is a cavity structure, and an inertial mass ball is arranged inside the square shell; the square shell is connected end to end The four side walls are embedded with piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups, and one of the front faces connected to the four side walls on the square housing is provided with a charge amplifier; the charge amplifier is used to receive and amplify the voltage generated by the piezoelectric ceramic group. signal and output the electrical signal to an external acquisition device; the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group includes a first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and a second piezoelectric ceramic sheet; the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet is close to the outside of the side wall; the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet is close to the side The inner side of the wall; between the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet is a sealed cavity structure. The invention can simultaneously sense and receive the seismic wave signal propagating along the bottom and the sound pressure signal propagating through the seawater generated by the vibrating target in the ocean.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于传感器领域，具体涉及一种综合检测地声-水声信号的压电传感器。The invention belongs to the field of sensors, in particular to a piezoelectric sensor for comprehensively detecting geoacoustic-hydroacoustic signals.
背景技术Background technique
目前，检测地震波产生的地声信号多采用动圈检波器、压电式万向检波器、MEMS地震检波器等传感器，检测水声信号则采用水听器。海洋中的振动目标能同时产生地声和水声信号，使得检测设备的成本增加、设备复杂，目前常采用的地声-水声双检检波器，只是将陆用检波器和水听器简单、机械地组合在一起，成本并没有因此而减少，且设备体积较大。同时此种检波器接收的信号波片面，无法保证其准确性。At present, sensors such as moving coil geophones, piezoelectric universal geophones, and MEMS geophones are mostly used to detect geoacoustic signals generated by seismic waves, and hydrophones are used to detect underwater acoustic signals. Vibration targets in the ocean can generate geoacoustic and hydroacoustic signals at the same time, which increases the cost and complexity of the detection equipment. At present, the geoacoustic-hydroacoustic dual detectors that are often used are just a simple combination of land-use geophones and hydrophones. , Mechanically combined, the cost is not reduced, and the equipment is relatively large. At the same time, the signal wave received by this kind of detector is one-sided, and its accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种综合检测地声-水声信号的压电传感器，可同时感应接收海洋中振动目标产生的沿海底沿三维坐标轴传播的地震波信号和通过海水传播的声压信号。The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects of the prior art, to provide a piezoelectric sensor for comprehensive detection of geoacoustic-hydroacoustic signals, which can simultaneously sense and receive seismic wave signals generated by vibrating targets in the ocean along the three-dimensional coordinate axis along the sea bottom and pass through Acoustic pressure signal propagated by sea water.
本发明提供了一种综合检测地声-水声信号的压电传感器，其特征在于：它包括密闭的四方壳体和电荷放大器，四方壳体为腔体结构，四方壳体内部设置有惯性质量球；四方壳体至少四个面上嵌设有压电陶瓷片组，电荷放大器用于接收放大压电陶瓷片组产生的电信号并输出电信号至外部检测设备；每个压电陶瓷片组包括同轴放置的第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片；第一压电陶瓷片靠近侧壁的外侧，第二压电陶瓷片靠近侧壁的内侧，惯性质量球受到振动后产生位移引起第二压电陶瓷片形变，用于感应地声信号；第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片之间形成密封的空腔结构，当第一压电陶瓷片受到水压作用后产生形变，感应水声信号。The invention provides a piezoelectric sensor for comprehensive detection of geoacoustic-hydroacoustic signals, which is characterized in that it includes a closed square shell and a charge amplifier, the square shell is a cavity structure, and an inertial mass is arranged inside the square shell ball; at least four surfaces of the square shell are embedded with piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups, and the charge amplifier is used to receive and amplify the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group and output the electrical signal to an external detection device; each piezoelectric ceramic sheet group It includes the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet placed coaxially; the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet is close to the outside of the side wall, the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet is close to the inside of the side wall, and the inertial mass ball is vibrated to produce The displacement causes the deformation of the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet, which is used to induce the geoacoustic signal; a sealed cavity structure is formed between the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet, when the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet is subjected to water pressure After that, it deforms and senses the underwater acoustic signal.
所述四方壳体内部填充有硅油，抑制外部噪声。The inside of the square housing is filled with silicone oil to suppress external noise.
所述惯性质量球与四方壳体之间存在间隙。There is a gap between the inertial mass sphere and the square shell.
所述设有压电陶瓷片组的四方壳体的面上均嵌设有环形的金属骨架，第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片分别设置于金属骨架的两侧，第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片分别通过硅胶实现与金属骨架的两侧密封连接，金属骨架与第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片配合形成所述的空腔结构。An annular metal frame is embedded on the surface of the square shell provided with piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups, the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet are respectively arranged on both sides of the metal frame, and the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet The electric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet are respectively sealed and connected to both sides of the metal skeleton through silica gel, and the metal skeleton cooperates with the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet to form the cavity structure.
所述四方壳体外侧包覆有橡胶套。The outside of the square housing is covered with a rubber sleeve.
所述橡胶套内部设置有翻线盘，外部接线穿连于翻线盘上；外部接线一端与电荷放大器电连接，外部接线的另一端与外部检测设备电连接。The inside of the rubber sleeve is provided with a turning plate, and the external wiring is connected to the turning plate; one end of the external wiring is electrically connected to the charge amplifier, and the other end of the external wiring is electrically connected to the external detection device.
所有压电陶瓷片组中的第二压电陶瓷片相互串联并与电荷放大器电连接；所有压电陶瓷片组中的第一压电陶瓷片相互并联的方式连接并与电荷放大器电连接。The second piezoelectric ceramic sheets in all the piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups are connected in series with each other and electrically connected to the charge amplifier; the first piezoelectric ceramic sheets in all the piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the charge amplifier.
所述四方壳体为四方壳体，四方壳体包括四个侧壁和两个端面；四个侧壁上均设置有压电陶瓷片组。The square shell is a square shell, and the square shell includes four side walls and two end faces; piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups are arranged on the four side walls.
所述电荷放大器设置于四方壳体其中一个端面上。The charge amplifier is arranged on one end surface of the square housing.
本发明在四方壳体的四个侧壁上设置压电陶瓷片组，有效接收来自多个面的水底信号。本发明可同时感应接收海洋中振动目标产生的沿海底传播的地震波信号和通过海水传播的声压信号，四方壳体靠近内侧侧壁的第二压电陶瓷片可感应地震动引起的地震波信号，每个面具有相同的接收效果；四方壳体侧壁上位于外侧的第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片配合形成的空腔结构可感应水中的声压变化，感应、接收水声信号。多个第一压电陶瓷片并联，多个第二压电陶瓷片串联，形成各个面信号的叠加，减少了硬件的设置。第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片串联的并接，实现的地声和水声信号的联合检测。四方壳体内部填充的硅油提供了适当的阻尼，对部分外部噪声有较好地抑制作用；压电陶瓷片组产生正比于被测物理量的电荷量，具有较好的线性度，且电荷放大器在前端放大信号，利于信号远距离、低损耗传输；本发明具有较宽的接收带宽，可达5-400Hz，兼顾接收高低频信号。本发明专利结构简单、压电陶瓷片灵敏度高、可靠性好、水陆两用、使用方便。In the present invention, piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups are arranged on the four side walls of the square casing to effectively receive underwater signals from multiple surfaces. The present invention can simultaneously sense and receive the seismic wave signal propagating along the bottom and the sound pressure signal propagating through the seawater generated by the vibrating target in the ocean, and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet close to the inner side wall of the square shell can sense the seismic wave signal caused by the earthquake, Each surface has the same receiving effect; the cavity structure formed by the cooperation of the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the outside of the side wall of the square shell can sense the sound pressure change in water, and sense and receive underwater sound. Signal. A plurality of first piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in parallel, and a plurality of second piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in series to form a superimposition of signals on each surface, thereby reducing hardware configuration. The first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet are connected in series and in parallel to realize combined detection of ground acoustic and underwater acoustic signals. The silicone oil filled inside the square shell provides proper damping, which has a good suppression effect on some external noises; the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group produces a charge proportional to the measured physical quantity, which has good linearity, and the charge amplifier is in The front-end amplifies the signal, which is beneficial to the long-distance and low-loss transmission of the signal; the invention has a wide receiving bandwidth, which can reach 5-400Hz, and takes into account the reception of high and low frequency signals. The patented invention has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, good reliability, amphibious use and convenient use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明局部示意图；Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the present invention;
图3是本发明剖视图示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
其中，1-四方壳体，2-压电陶瓷片组，21-第一压电陶瓷片，22-第二压电陶瓷片，3-侧壁，31-圆形通孔，32-缺口，4-端面，5-金属骨架，6-电荷放大器，7-惯性质量球，8-翻线盘，9-橡胶套，10-外部接线。Among them, 1-square shell, 2-piezoelectric ceramic sheet group, 21-first piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 22-second piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 3-side wall, 31-circular through hole, 32-notch, 4-end face, 5-metal skeleton, 6-charge amplifier, 7-inertial mass ball, 8-turnover disc, 9-rubber sleeve, 10-external wiring.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于清楚地了解本发明，但它们不对本发明构成限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to facilitate a clear understanding of the present invention, but they do not limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种综合检测地声-水声信号的压电传感器，其特征在于：它包括密闭的四方壳体1，四方壳体1为四方壳腔体结构，四方壳体1内部设置有惯性质量球7；所述惯性质量球7为金属球。四方壳体1首尾相连的四个侧壁3上均嵌设有压电陶瓷片组2，四方壳体1上与四个侧壁3相连的其中一个端面4上设置有电荷放大器6；电荷放大器6用于接收放大压电陶瓷组产生的电信号并输出电信号至外部采集设备；压电陶瓷片组2包括第一压电陶瓷片21和第二压电陶瓷片22；第一压电陶瓷片21靠近侧壁3的外侧；第二压电陶瓷片22靠近侧壁3的内侧，惯性金属球受到振动后产生位移引起第二压电陶瓷片22形变，用于感应地声信号；第一压电陶瓷片21和第二压电陶瓷片22之间形成密封的空腔结构，第一压电陶瓷片21受到水压作用后产生形变,感应水声信号。As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of piezoelectric sensor of comprehensive detection geoacoustic-hydroacoustic signal, it is characterized in that: it comprises airtight square shell 1, and square shell 1 is a square shell cavity structure, and square An inertial mass ball 7 is arranged inside the housing 1; the inertial mass ball 7 is a metal ball. The four side walls 3 connected end to end of the square housing 1 are all embedded with piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups 2, and one of the end faces 4 connected to the four side walls 3 on the square housing 1 is provided with a charge amplifier 6; 6 is used to receive and amplify the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic group and output the electrical signal to an external acquisition device; the piezoelectric ceramic sheet group 2 includes a first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 and a second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22; the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet The sheet 21 is close to the outer side of the side wall 3; the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 is close to the inner side of the side wall 3, and the inertial metal ball is vibrated to generate displacement to cause the deformation of the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 for sensing geoacoustic signals; A sealed cavity structure is formed between the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22, and the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 deforms after being subjected to water pressure to induce underwater acoustic signals.
所述四方壳体1内部填充有硅油，提供阻尼，抑制外部噪声。The square housing 1 is filled with silicone oil to provide damping and suppress external noise.
所述四方壳体1与惯性质量球7之间留有合适的间隙，既保证惯性质量球7受到振动后能产生位移引起第二压电陶瓷片22形变，又保证惯性质量球7对第二压电陶瓷片22的冲击不至于过大，从而避免损坏第二压电陶瓷片22。There is a suitable gap between the square housing 1 and the inertial mass ball 7, which not only ensures that the inertial mass ball 7 can generate displacement after being vibrated to cause the deformation of the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22, but also ensures that the inertial mass ball 7 is opposite to the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22. The impact of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 is not too large, so as to avoid damage to the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 .
所述四个侧壁3上均嵌设有环形的金属骨架5，第一压电陶瓷片21和第二压电陶瓷片22分别设置于金属骨架5的两侧，第一压电陶瓷片21和第二压电陶瓷片22分别通过硅胶实现与金属骨架5的两侧密封连接，保证第一压电陶瓷片21和第二压电陶瓷片22形成密封的空腔，保证检测信号的精确度。侧壁3上设置有用于嵌设金属骨架5的圆形通孔31，圆形通孔31的边缘设置有缺口32，便于安装时卡设金属骨架5。金属骨架5通过螺钉实现与侧壁3的固定连接。金属骨架5安装完成后用橡胶封闭缺口32，保证四方壳体1的整体密闭性。The four side walls 3 are all embedded with an annular metal framework 5, the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 are respectively arranged on both sides of the metal framework 5, the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 are respectively sealed and connected to both sides of the metal frame 5 through silica gel, so as to ensure that the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet 21 and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet 22 form a sealed cavity and ensure the accuracy of the detection signal . The side wall 3 is provided with a circular through hole 31 for embedding the metal skeleton 5 , and the edge of the circular through hole 31 is provided with a notch 32 , which is convenient for clamping the metal skeleton 5 during installation. The metal frame 5 is fixedly connected to the side wall 3 by screws. After the metal skeleton 5 is installed, the gap 32 is sealed with rubber to ensure the overall airtightness of the square housing 1 .
所述四方壳体1外侧包覆有一层聚氨酯的橡胶套9，其不仅便于陆地的放置，在水中拖拽时亦有较小的阻力，牢固可靠，对内部元件密封效果好，有效避免了漏水、漏电，且具有较好的抗冲击能力。压电传感器水平放置于地面，惯性质量球与第二压电陶瓷片相接触，通过接收地声振动发生位移，惯性质量球压迫第二压电陶瓷片使其发生形变，第二压迫陶瓷片将产生的电信号通过电荷放大器传输至外部设备，实现地声信号检测。压电传感器放置于海底时，往往为倾斜放置，多个第一压电陶瓷片和第二压电陶瓷片形成的空腔结构全面三维体系中多个面的水声信号，保证水声信号的充分接收；惯性质量球通过接受地声振动发生位移从而压迫多个第二压电陶瓷片，相互串联的第二压电陶瓷片实现地声信号的叠加检测。第一压电陶瓷片组合第二压电陶瓷片组并接，这种连接方式较好地保证了对水声和地声信号的联合检测.The outer side of the square housing 1 is covered with a layer of polyurethane rubber sleeve 9, which is not only convenient for placement on land, but also has small resistance when dragged in water, is firm and reliable, and has a good sealing effect on internal components, effectively avoiding water leakage , Leakage, and has good impact resistance. The piezoelectric sensor is placed horizontally on the ground, the inertial mass ball is in contact with the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet, and is displaced by receiving the geoacoustic vibration, the inertial mass ball compresses the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet to deform, and the second pressed ceramic sheet will The generated electrical signal is transmitted to external equipment through the charge amplifier to realize geoacoustic signal detection. When the piezoelectric sensor is placed on the seabed, it is often placed obliquely. The cavity structure formed by the multiple first piezoelectric ceramic sheets and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet is comprehensive for the underwater acoustic signals of multiple surfaces in the three-dimensional system, ensuring the accuracy of the underwater acoustic signals. Sufficient reception; the inertial mass ball is displaced by accepting geoacoustic vibrations to compress a plurality of second piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheets connected in series realize superposition detection of geoacoustic signals. The combination of the first piezoelectric ceramic sheet and the second piezoelectric ceramic sheet is connected in parallel, and this connection method better guarantees the combined detection of underwater acoustic and ground acoustic signals.
所述橡胶套9内部设置有翻线盘8，外部接线10穿连于翻线盘8上；翻线盘8有效稳定外部接线10，翻线盘8并不与四方壳体1连接。外部接线10一端与电荷放大器6电连接，外部接线10的另一端与外部检测设备电连接。翻线盘8很好的保证了外部接线10在外部拉力的作用下不会与内部连线之间断开。The inside of the rubber sleeve 9 is provided with a turning plate 8, and the external wiring 10 is connected to the turning plate 8; the turning plate 8 effectively stabilizes the external wiring 10, and the turning plate 8 is not connected with the square housing 1. One end of the external wiring 10 is electrically connected to the charge amplifier 6, and the other end of the external wiring 10 is electrically connected to an external detection device. The turning disc 8 well ensures that the external wiring 10 will not be disconnected from the internal wiring under the action of external tension.
所述四片第二压电陶瓷片22相互串联并与电荷放大器6电连接，实现信号的合并，通过求取四片第二压电陶瓷片22的和获得准确的地声信号。所述于四片第一压电陶瓷片21相互并联的方式连接并与电荷放大器6电连接，四片第一压电陶瓷片21分别获取四个面对应的水声信号。这种连接方式有效保证了对水声和地声信号的检测。只测量陆地振动信号时，只需要将传感器水平放置即可；只测量水声信号时，将其固定悬浮于水中即可；地声-水声信号综合检测时，将其置于海底即可，能够很灵敏地检测到海洋中振动目标激发的地声和水声信号。电荷放大器6利于接收信号的远距离传输。The four second piezoelectric ceramic sheets 22 are connected in series with each other and electrically connected to the charge amplifier 6 to realize the combination of signals, and an accurate geoacoustic signal is obtained by calculating the sum of the four second piezoelectric ceramic sheets 22 . The four first piezoelectric ceramic sheets 21 are connected in parallel with each other and electrically connected to the charge amplifier 6 , and the four first piezoelectric ceramic sheets 21 respectively obtain underwater acoustic signals corresponding to the four surfaces. This connection method effectively guarantees the detection of underwater acoustic and ground acoustic signals. When only measuring land vibration signals, it is only necessary to place the sensor horizontally; when only measuring underwater acoustic signals, it can be fixed and suspended in the water; when comprehensive detection of geoacoustic and underwater acoustic signals, it can be placed on the seabed. It can detect very sensitively the ground acoustic and underwater acoustic signals excited by vibrating targets in the ocean. The charge amplifier 6 facilitates long-distance transmission of received signals.
本说明书未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
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