CN106896452A - A kind of optical fiber splicing device - Google Patents
A kind of optical fiber splicing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106896452A CN106896452A CN201710291717.XA CN201710291717A CN106896452A CN 106896452 A CN106896452 A CN 106896452A CN 201710291717 A CN201710291717 A CN 201710291717A CN 106896452 A CN106896452 A CN 106896452A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pigtail
- plug
- optical fiber
- pigtail insertion
- insertion port
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3825—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
- G02B6/3826—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres characterised by form or shape
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种光纤连接装置,包括第一插头、第二插头和将所述第一插头与所述第二插头连接的光缆,其中,所述第一插头上设置有多个不同种类的第一尾纤插入口,所述第二插头上设置有多个不同种类的第二尾纤插入口,所述第一尾纤插入口与所述第二尾纤插入口的个数相同,且两者的种类对应相同。通过采用即插即用的方法更换尾纤头,避免了熔接光纤的繁琐步骤,提高事故的恢复速度,提高了更换速度。
The invention discloses an optical fiber connection device, which comprises a first plug, a second plug and an optical cable connecting the first plug with the second plug, wherein the first plug is provided with a plurality of different types of The first pigtail insertion port, the second plug is provided with a plurality of different types of second pigtail insertion ports, the number of the first pigtail insertion port is the same as that of the second pigtail insertion port, and Both types correspond to the same. By adopting the plug-and-play method to replace the pigtail head, the cumbersome steps of fusing the optical fiber are avoided, the recovery speed of the accident is improved, and the replacement speed is improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光纤连接技术领域,尤其涉及一种光纤连接装置。The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber connection, in particular to an optical fiber connection device.
背景技术Background technique
智能变电站使用光纤替代传统电缆作为变电站二次交直流信号的传递载体,相比于电缆,光纤有很多优势。但是光纤两头需要使用光纤头进行接入,而光纤头需要用专用工具并有专人进行熔接,因此在变电站突发事故需要更换一根新光缆时,需要首先请专人对光缆进行熔接后才能使用,现场实际应用时需要根据现场情况确定两边光纤头型号和光缆长度进行现场熔接。更换效率低下。Smart substations use optical fibers instead of traditional cables as the transmission carrier for secondary AC and DC signals in substations. Compared with cables, optical fibers have many advantages. However, both ends of the optical fiber need to be connected with optical fiber ends, and the optical fiber head needs to be fused with special tools and a special person. Therefore, when a new optical cable needs to be replaced in an emergency in a substation, it is necessary to ask a special person to fused the optical cable before it can be used. In actual field application, it is necessary to determine the type of optical fiber head and the length of the optical cable on both sides according to the site conditions for on-site fusion splicing. Replacement is inefficient.
因此,如何提供一种光纤连接装置,以提高更换速度,是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to provide an optical fiber connection device to improve the replacement speed is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种光纤连接装置,以提高更换速度。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber connection device to improve the replacement speed.
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种光纤连接装置,包括第一插头、第二插头和将所述第一插头与所述第二插头连接的光缆,其中,所述第一插头上设置有多个不同种类的第一尾纤插入口,所述第二插头上设置有多个不同种类的第二尾纤插入口,所述第一尾纤插入口与所述第二尾纤插入口的个数相同,且两者的种类对应相同。An optical fiber connection device, comprising a first plug, a second plug and an optical cable connecting the first plug to the second plug, wherein the first plug is provided with a plurality of different kinds of first pigtails Insertion port, the second plug is provided with a plurality of second pigtail insertion ports of different types, the number of the first pigtail insertion port is the same as that of the second pigtail insertion port, and the types of both are Corresponds to the same.
优选的,上述第一插头上设置有第一环形凸出部,所述第一环形凸出部上设置有卡扣。Preferably, the above-mentioned first plug is provided with a first annular protrusion, and the first annular protrusion is provided with a buckle.
优选的,上述第二插头上设置有第二环形凸出部,所述第二环形凸出部上设置有卡扣。Preferably, the above-mentioned second plug is provided with a second annular protrusion, and the second annular protrusion is provided with a buckle.
优选的,上述第一尾纤插入口和所述第二尾纤插入口均为四个。Preferably, there are four first pigtail insertion openings and the second pigtail insertion openings.
优选的,上述第一尾纤插入口和所述第二尾纤插入口呈横排排列。Preferably, the above-mentioned first pigtail insertion openings and the second pigtail insertion openings are arranged horizontally.
优选的,上述第二尾纤插入口和所述第二尾纤插入口呈横排排列。Preferably, the above-mentioned second pigtail insertion port and the second pigtail insertion port are arranged horizontally.
优选的,上述第一尾纤插入口和所述第二尾纤插入口均多于四个。Preferably, there are more than four first pigtail insertion openings and the second pigtail insertion openings.
优选的,上述第一尾纤插入口和所述第二尾纤插入口均环形排列。Preferably, the above-mentioned first pigtail insertion openings and the second pigtail insertion openings are both arranged in a ring.
优选的,上述第一尾纤插入口与所述第二尾纤插入口两者的种类对应相同,不同种类的所述第一尾纤插入口的一侧设置有第一标号,不同种类的所述第二尾纤插入口的一侧设置有第二标号,同种类的所述第一尾纤插入口上的第一标号与所述第二尾纤插入口上的第二标号相同。Preferably, the types of the first pigtail insertion port and the second pigtail insertion port are the same, one side of the first pigtail insertion port of a different type is provided with a first label, and the different types of the first pigtail insertion port are provided with a first label. One side of the second pigtail insertion port is provided with a second label, and the first label on the first pigtail insertion port of the same type is the same as the second label on the second pigtail insertion port.
本发明提供的光纤连接装置,包括第一插头、第二插头和将所述第一插头与所述第二插头连接的光缆,其中,所述第一插头上设置有多个不同种类的第一尾纤插入口,所述第二插头上设置有多个不同种类的第二尾纤插入口,所述第一尾纤插入口与所述第二尾纤插入口的个数相同,且两者的种类对应相同。通过采用即插即用的方法更换尾纤头,避免了熔接光纤的繁琐步骤,提高事故的恢复速度,提高了更换速度。The optical fiber connection device provided by the present invention includes a first plug, a second plug and an optical cable connecting the first plug to the second plug, wherein the first plug is provided with a plurality of different types of first A pigtail insertion port, the second plug is provided with a plurality of different types of second pigtail insertion ports, the number of the first pigtail insertion port is the same as that of the second pigtail insertion port, and both The types correspond to the same. By adopting the plug-and-play method to replace the pigtail head, the cumbersome steps of fusing the optical fiber are avoided, the recovery speed of the accident is improved, and the replacement speed is improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are For some embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的结构示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first specific implementation manner of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第三种具体实施方式的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third specific implementation manner of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
上图1-4中:In Figure 1-4 above:
第一插头1、第二插头2、光缆3、尾纤头4、卡扣5、第一尾纤插入口6第一环形凸出部7。The first plug 1 , the second plug 2 , the optical cable 3 , the pigtail head 4 , the buckle 5 , the first pigtail insertion port 6 and the first annular protrusion 7 .
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参考图1-图4,图1为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的结构示意图;图2为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第一种具体实施方式的结构示意图;图3为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第二种具体实施方式的结构示意图;图4为本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置的第三种具体实施方式的结构示意图。Please refer to Figures 1-4, Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a first specific implementation of an optical fiber connection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is A schematic structural view of a second specific embodiment of the optical fiber connection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third specific embodiment of the optical fiber connection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置,包括第一插头1、第二插头2和将第一插头1与第二插头2连接的光缆3,其中,第一插头1上设置有多个不同种类的第一尾纤插入口6,第二插头2上设置有多个不同种类的第二尾纤插入口,第一尾纤插入口6与第二尾纤插入口的个数相同,且两者的种类对应相同。通过采用即插即用的方法更换尾纤头4,避免了熔接光纤的繁琐步骤,提高事故的恢复速度,提高了更换速度。The optical fiber connection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a first plug 1, a second plug 2 and an optical cable 3 connecting the first plug 1 and the second plug 2, wherein the first plug 1 is provided with a plurality of different types of The first pigtail insertion port 6, the second plug 2 is provided with a plurality of different types of second pigtail insertion ports, the number of the first pigtail insertion port 6 is the same as that of the second pigtail insertion port, and both The types correspond to the same. By adopting the plug-and-play method to replace the pigtail head 4, the cumbersome steps of fusing the optical fibers are avoided, the recovery speed of the accident is improved, and the replacement speed is improved.
本发明实施例提供的光纤连接装置采用即插即用型插头,在发生事故应急时投入备用使用,并保证能稳定可靠工作足够长时间,直至厂家熔接新的光纤头并投入使用。由于光纤头种类多样,因此采用固定光纤头搭配的光缆需要备用大量的光缆(两种光纤头需要一一对应备用3种光缆,三种光纤头需要备用6种光缆,以此类推),因此本方案采用即插即用型,只要配备不同类型通用光缆就行(多模或单模),根据现场需要选用光纤尾纤就行,可以大幅度降低备用成本。The optical fiber connection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts a plug-and-play plug, which is put into standby use in the event of an emergency, and can be guaranteed to work stably and reliably for a long enough time until the manufacturer welds a new optical fiber head and puts it into use. Due to the various types of optical fiber heads, a large number of optical cables need to be spared when using fixed optical fiber heads. The solution adopts the plug-and-play type, as long as it is equipped with different types of general-purpose optical cables (multi-mode or single-mode), and the optical fiber pigtails can be selected according to the needs of the site, which can greatly reduce the backup cost.
为了进一步优化上述方案,第一插头1上设置有第一环形凸出部7,第一环形凸出部7上设置有卡扣5,第二插,2上设置有第二环形凸出部,第二环形凸出部上设置有卡扣。卡扣5保证尾纤头4只能一个固定方向插入固定。In order to further optimize the above solution, the first plug 1 is provided with a first annular protruding portion 7, the first annular protruding portion 7 is provided with a buckle 5, and the second plug 2 is provided with a second annular protruding portion, Buckles are arranged on the second annular protruding part. The buckle 5 ensures that the pigtail head 4 can only be inserted and fixed in one fixed direction.
为了进一步优化上述方案,第一尾纤插入口7和第二尾纤插入口均为四个。同时,第一尾纤插入口7呈横排排列,第二尾纤插入口呈横排排列,如图2所示。也可以是第一尾纤插入口7呈矩形排列,第二尾纤插入口呈矩形排列,如图3所示。当然,第一尾纤插入口和第二尾纤插入口也可以均多于四个,可以为六个,八个或者十个,此时,第一尾纤插入口和第二尾纤插入口均环形排列,如图4所示。In order to further optimize the above solution, there are four first pigtail insertion ports 7 and two second pigtail insertion ports. At the same time, the first pigtail insertion ports 7 are arranged in horizontal rows, and the second pigtail insertion ports are arranged in horizontal rows, as shown in FIG. 2 . It is also possible that the first pigtail insertion ports 7 are arranged in a rectangle, and the second pigtail insertion ports are arranged in a rectangle, as shown in FIG. 3 . Of course, the first pigtail insertion port and the second pigtail insertion port can also be more than four, can be six, eight or ten, at this time, the first pigtail insertion port and the second pigtail insertion port Arranged circularly, as shown in Figure 4.
其中,第一尾纤插入口7与第二尾纤插入口两者的种类对应相同,不同种类的第一尾纤插入口7的一侧设置有第一标号,如图2中的数字1、2、3、4所示,不同种类的第二尾纤插入口的一侧设置有第二标号,同种类的第一尾纤插入口7上的第一标号与第二尾纤插入口上的第二标号相同。Wherein, the types of the first pigtail insertion port 7 and the second pigtail insertion port are the same, and one side of the first pigtail insertion port 7 of different types is provided with a first label, such as numerals 1, 2 among Fig. 2 As shown in 2, 3, and 4, the side of the second pigtail insertion port of different types is provided with a second label, and the first label on the first pigtail insertion port 7 of the same type is the same as the first label on the second pigtail insertion port. The two labels are the same.
在具体实施时,固定对应关系型中光纤布局为直列4个,即横排排列,插头中的卡扣保证尾纤头4只能一个固定方向插入固定,光缆两端尾纤安装后两个尾纤的光纤对应关系固定,不能更改,应用在尾纤中4个尾纤头4都为同一种的情况,不需要差异化。可调整对应关系型布局可以有4个插入方向,通过转动插入方向,可以调整两端尾纤的一一对应关系,应用在尾纤中4个尾纤头4不一致的情况下,需要根据现场调整对应关系。In the specific implementation, the layout of the optical fibers in the fixed corresponding relationship type is 4 in a row, that is, arranged in a horizontal row. The buckle in the plug ensures that the pigtail head 4 can only be inserted and fixed in one fixed direction. After the pigtails at both ends of the cable are installed, the two tail The corresponding relationship between the optical fibers of the fiber is fixed and cannot be changed. It is applied in the case that the four pigtail heads 4 in the pigtail are all of the same type, and there is no need for differentiation. The adjustable corresponding relationship layout can have 4 insertion directions. By rotating the insertion direction, the one-to-one correspondence between the pigtails at both ends can be adjusted. When the 4 pigtail heads 4 in the pigtail are inconsistent, it needs to be adjusted according to the site. Correspondence.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710291717.XA CN106896452A (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2017-04-28 | A kind of optical fiber splicing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710291717.XA CN106896452A (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2017-04-28 | A kind of optical fiber splicing device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106896452A true CN106896452A (en) | 2017-06-27 |
Family
ID=59197394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710291717.XA Pending CN106896452A (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2017-04-28 | A kind of optical fiber splicing device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106896452A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107861196A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-30 | 北京航天自动控制研究所 | A kind of cable, remote control box and remote power feeding system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6072932A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-06-06 | Siecor Corporation | Method and apparatus for connectorizing fiber optic cable |
CN1459644A (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-03 | 米沢电线株式会社 | Optical connector |
CN102313954A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-01-11 | 成都普天联创通信设备有限公司 | Optical cable transfer box |
CN202305936U (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-07-04 | 成都普创通信技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber pigtail |
CN203365732U (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-12-25 | 杭州中祥通讯器材有限公司 | Optical fiber jumper easy to disassemble |
CN205450352U (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-08-10 | 江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | Many interfaces optical fiber jumper wire |
-
2017
- 2017-04-28 CN CN201710291717.XA patent/CN106896452A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6072932A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-06-06 | Siecor Corporation | Method and apparatus for connectorizing fiber optic cable |
CN1459644A (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-03 | 米沢电线株式会社 | Optical connector |
CN202305936U (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-07-04 | 成都普创通信技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber pigtail |
CN102313954A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-01-11 | 成都普天联创通信设备有限公司 | Optical cable transfer box |
CN203365732U (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-12-25 | 杭州中祥通讯器材有限公司 | Optical fiber jumper easy to disassemble |
CN205450352U (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-08-10 | 江苏省电力公司苏州供电公司 | Many interfaces optical fiber jumper wire |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107861196A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-30 | 北京航天自动控制研究所 | A kind of cable, remote control box and remote power feeding system |
CN107861196B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航天自动控制研究所 | Cable, remote control box and remote control system |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN208737044U (en) | An optical fiber ferrule and optical fiber connector | |
PH12021550333A1 (en) | Indexing cable arrangement and enclosure for use therewith | |
CN106896452A (en) | A kind of optical fiber splicing device | |
US8137003B2 (en) | Dummy connector for a fiber optic cable | |
JPH04174406A (en) | Connector with memory element | |
CN109946795B (en) | An FC-SC type light adapter | |
CN102033267A (en) | Optical fiber jumper and optical distribution frame | |
CN204044400U (en) | Fibre distribution frame | |
CN101876737B (en) | Method for realizing rapid optical cable termination by adopting standardized terminal fitting | |
CN113093345A (en) | Optical fiber jumper wire capable of being tracked and searched | |
CN104865648A (en) | Integrated SC fiber connector | |
CN216351366U (en) | A dustproof cap integral type connection structure for optic fibre wire jumper tail optical fiber connector | |
CN203811844U (en) | An integrated SC fiber connector | |
KR101251366B1 (en) | A dustcap | |
CN206193299U (en) | Many function integrated tray | |
CN218567663U (en) | An OPGW optical cable splicing box realizing plug-in and direct-melt functions | |
CN203722697U (en) | Ball-type web camera | |
CN111103661A (en) | FC optical fiber connection equipment with online plugging electronic tag | |
CN215067431U (en) | Wire clamping device | |
CN205091487U (en) | Integrative foraminiferous optic fibre adapter of SC | |
CN204538362U (en) | The additional plug that a kind of not middle connection breaking can be installed | |
CN204613446U (en) | A kind of fusion joining disk | |
CN204462455U (en) | Duplex fiber adapters seat | |
CN215116896U (en) | A high-precision optical fiber jumper connecting terminal | |
CN107121739B (en) | A kind of structure for realizing four road optical transports |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170627 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |