CN106862568A - Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electron beam fuse-based additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing device and method, which are used to solve the technical problem of poor practicability of the existing additive and subtractive material composite processing systems and methods. The technical solution includes the electron beam additive forming part, the subtractive processing part and the host computer control system. The electron beam additive forming part includes an electron gun that emits electron beams, an electron gun deflection control system, a container for holding metal wires to be processed, a nozzle and a wire feeding mechanism. The subtractive machining part includes a mechanical arm whose end effector is equipped with a quick change device, an internal cooling tool and an end effector installed on the mechanical arm to implement subtractive machining; a cooling unit connected to the internal cooling tool for internal cooling Cooling and temperature control of cold tools. The additive forming part and subtractive processing part are all placed in the vacuum chamber. The compound processing of adding and subtracting materials in the present invention has good practicability.

Description

Additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing device and method based on electron beam fuse

technical field

The invention relates to an electronic beam fuse-based additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing device, and also relates to a method for using the device to perform additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing.

Background technique

Electron beam rapid prototyping of metal parts is a new metal solid additive processing technology developed in recent years. The principle is to obtain the two-dimensional profile information of each layer section and generate the processing path through the layered slice processing of the three-dimensional digital model of the part, and use the high energy density electron beam as the heat source to melt the filling material in the vacuum chamber according to the predetermined processing path. (wire material or pre-laid powder), stacked layer by layer, and finally achieve near-net manufacturing of dense metal parts.

When the raw material for electron beam fuse forming is metal wire, it is generally used to directly feed the metal wire into the molten pool or droplet transfer, where the metal wire is directly fed into the manufacturing process due to interference, sticking wire, deviation from the center of the molten pool, etc. Therefore, there are very strict requirements on the angle and position of the metal wire; although the droplet transfer has a fast forming speed, the forming accuracy and the surface quality of the parts are poor due to the splash of liquid metal, and it is difficult to manufacture parts with high precision. For the manufacture of part blanks.

Document 1 "A Chinese Invention Patent with Application Publication No. CN105574254A" provides a composite processing system and method for adding and subtracting materials. In the arc additive manufacturing process, the volume of the molten pool is large, and there are disturbance factors such as cold raw materials, arc blowing force, and power characteristics.

Electron beam fuse additive manufacturing equipment needs a vacuum environment when it works. Considering the working characteristics of the equipment itself, there are inevitably high temperature, strong light, X-rays, metal powder pollution, electromagnetic fields and other interference factors in the working environment. The equipment for processing materials has high requirements. Since foreign substances (coolant) cannot be introduced to affect the working environment of the electron beam, the tool must have good high temperature resistance. At present, the industry mostly uses internal cooling tools with the advantages of no pollution and good cooling effect.

Internal cooling tool, that is, a tiny coolant channel with an inlet and outlet is arranged in the tool. During cutting, the coolant enters the tool body from the inlet to cool the tool, and then returns to the cooling system through the outlet. The coolant is not directly discharged, thus forming a pollution-free circulating cooling system. The average temperature of the contact surface can also be predicted by measuring the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet, and the online monitoring of the cutting temperature can be realized. According to the measured cutting temperature, the cutting state of the tool can be reflected, and then the cutting process can be controlled.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of poor practicability of existing additive and subtractive material composite processing systems and methods, the present invention provides an electronic beam fuse-based additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing device and method. The device includes an electron beam additive forming part, a subtractive processing part and a host computer control system. The electron beam additive forming part includes an electron gun that emits electron beams, an electron gun deflection control system, a container for holding metal wires to be processed, a nozzle and a wire feeding mechanism. The subtractive machining part includes a mechanical arm whose end effector is equipped with a quick change device, an internal cooling tool and an end effector installed on the mechanical arm to implement subtractive machining; a cooling unit connected to the internal cooling tool for internal cooling Cooling and temperature control of cold tools. The additive forming part and subtractive processing part are all placed in the vacuum chamber. The compound processing of adding and subtracting materials of the present invention has good practicability.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an electronic beam fuse-based additive and subtractive material composite manufacturing device, which is characterized by: including a host computer control system 1, a mechanical arm 2, an internal cooling tool 3, a wire Disc 4 , wire feeding mechanism 5 , container 6 , nozzle 7 , electron gun 9 , high voltage power supply 10 , deflection control system 11 and motion platform 12 . The wire reel 4, wire feeding mechanism 5, container 6, nozzle 7, electron gun 9, high voltage power supply 10, deflection control system 11 and motion platform 12 form the additive processing part of the device, and the mechanical arm 2 and internal cooling The subtractive processing part of the device composed of a type tool 3, the container 6, the nozzle 7 and the moving platform 12 of the subtractive processing part and the additive processing part are located in the vacuum working chamber. The moving platform 12 is arranged on the base of the device, and can move in the X and Y directions and rotate around the Z axis. The vacuum studio provides a vacuum working environment with a pressure of 1×10 ⁻³ Pa for the electron beam 8 . The deflection control system 11 controls the electron gun 9 to emit the electron beam 8 for deflection heating according to the signal of the host computer control system 1, so that the metal wire to be processed is melted into a liquid state, or by heating the spray area, the spray area reaches a slightly molten state, and the nozzle 7 sprays The liquid metal and the underlying metal stacked layer by layer realize metallurgical bonding; the container 6 is used to contain the metal to be processed, and the nozzle 7 communicates with the container 6 and is used to spray the molten metal to the injection area on the moving platform 12 . The high-voltage power supply 10 provides the voltage required for the electron gun 9 to work; the wire feeding mechanism 5 transports the metal wire on the wire reel 4 into the container 6 , and the liquid metal is ejected from the nozzle 7 . The upper computer control system 1 is electrically connected with the subtractive processing part and the additive processing part of the device, and is used for controlling the electron gun 9, the high voltage power supply 10 and the deflection control system 11; The slice thickness controls the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism 5 and the path speed of the motion platform 12 . The host computer control system 1 is also used to control the movement of the mechanical arm 2 and the tool switching of the internal cooling tool 3 .

The container 6 is made of high temperature resistant ceramic material.

A kind of method that utilizes above-mentioned device to carry out additive and subtractive composite manufacturing method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Establish the solid geometric model of the part, import the solid geometric model of the part into the host computer on the computer for layered slicing processing, plan the movement path of the workbench and the movement path of the mechanical arm, and the control system of the host computer controls the additive processing part and The subtractive processing part is controlled, and the parameters to be controlled are set;

Step 2. In the processing preparation stage, vacuumize the vacuum chamber; the wire feeding mechanism sends the wire into the container, and the electron gun pretreats the container;

Step 3, using the deflection control system to control the electron gun to emit electron beams to deflect and heat the container in the vacuum chamber, so that the metal wire in the container is melted into a liquid state and filled, and the spraying area is heated to make the area reach a slightly molten state;

Step 4. The control system controls the workbench to move according to the path planned by the slice of the part to be processed and controls the nozzle to spray the liquid metal to the injection area; the nozzle is fixed, stationary, and the direction is vertically downward;

Step 5. Use the robotic arm for subtractive processing to process the parts according to the processing path planned by the shape of the parts, and remove the excess part of the droplet deposition of the parts; the motion platform rotates around the Z axis to facilitate the processing of the parts by the robotic arm;

Step 6: The workbench is lowered by one layer in the Z direction, and the operations of Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 are repeated until the final three-dimensional solid part is obtained.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the device of the invention includes an electron beam additive forming part, a material subtractive processing part and a host computer control system. The electron beam additive forming part includes an electron gun that emits electron beams, an electron gun deflection control system, a container for holding metal wires to be processed, a nozzle and a wire feeding mechanism. The subtractive machining part includes a mechanical arm whose end effector is equipped with a quick change device, an internal cooling tool and an end effector installed on the mechanical arm to implement subtractive machining; a cooling unit connected to the internal cooling tool for internal cooling Cooling and temperature control of cold tools. The additive forming part and subtractive processing part are all placed in the vacuum chamber. The compound processing of adding and subtracting materials of the present invention has good practicability.

(1) All processing procedures are completed on the same machine tool, which avoids the accumulation of errors caused by the clamping and picking and placing of workpieces during multi-platform processing, improves manufacturing accuracy and production efficiency, and also saves workshop space and reduces manufacturing cost.

(2) The electron beam fuse additive manufacturing device reduces the material requirements of metal additive manufacturing, and the accuracy is no longer directly related to the physical scale of the material, but mainly depends on the size and shape of the nozzle, and the material utilization rate can reach 100%; Forming in a vacuum environment without any protective gas, the forming quality is reliable.

(3) The processing equipment can carry out the collaborative operation of adding and subtracting materials, and has great advantages in processing curved surfaces, grooves, channels and other structures. It can realize large-scale processing of aerospace precision parts and meet the dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy requirements of the parts to be processed. .

(4) Subtractive machining adopts internal cooling tools, cutting without cutting fluid, which can take away the processing heat and effectively avoid the pollution of the cutting fluid to the processing environment.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention based on the electron beam fuse additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device.

In the figure, 1-host computer control system; 2-mechanical arm; 3-internal cooling tool; 4-wire reel; 5-wire feeding mechanism; 6-container; 7-nozzle; 8-electron beam; 9-electron gun; 10-High voltage power supply; 11-Deflection control system; 12-Motion platform.

detailed description

device embodiment.

Refer to Figure 1. The present invention is based on an electron beam fuse additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device, which includes an electron beam additive forming part, a material subtractive processing part and a host computer control system 1 working on the same motion platform. Wherein the motion platform 12 is arranged on the base, and can move in X, Y, Z directions and rotate around the Z axis. The vacuum device provides a vacuum working environment (1×10 ^-3 Pa) for the electron beam in the preparation stage. The electron beam additive forming part includes an electron gun 9 (60kV/8kW) that emits an electron beam 8; the electron gun deflection control system 11 controls the electron gun to emit the electron beam 8 according to the signal of the host computer control system 1 for deflection heating, so that the metal wire to be processed is melted into Liquid state, or by heating the spraying area, the spraying area reaches a slightly molten state, so that the liquid metal sprayed by the nozzle 7 and the underlying metal stacked layer by layer realize metallurgical bonding; the metal wire container 6 is used to hold the metal to be processed, which consists of Made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material; the nozzle 7 is used to connect the above-mentioned container 6 through an intermediate piece (such as a conduit) to spray molten metal to the injection area on the workbench, and the size of the nozzle 7 can be designed according to actual needs; The electron beam additive part also includes a high-voltage power supply, a wire feeding mechanism 5 (pressing wire rollers, wire feeding rollers and their driving motors), etc. The high-voltage power supply 10 provides the stable high voltage required for the electron gun to work; the wire feeding mechanism 5 transports the metal wire on the wire reel 4 to the container 6 for melting according to the requirements of the control system, and the metal wire (D2.0mm) passes through the straightening wheel , worn between the pressing roller and the wire feeding roller, and moves to the container 6 with the rotation of the two wheels, so as to realize the transmission. When the metal wire material in the container is melted into liquid and fills the container 6, the wire material fed into the upper part of the container 6 can play a squeezing role, so that the liquid metal is sprayed out from the nozzle 7 under pressure.

The electron beam additive forming part is connected to the host computer control system 1, which is used to control the electron gun 9, high-voltage power supply, and deflection control system 11, so as to ensure the input power of energy and control the input form of the electron beam 8; the host computer control system 1 The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism 5 and the path speed of the motion platform 12 are coordinated and controlled according to the layered slice thickness of the parts to be processed, so as to ensure that the shape of the obtained parts meets the requirements. For example, to process a thin-walled structure, the thickness of the slice layer is 15 mm, the moving speed of the moving platform 12 is 300 mm/min, and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism 5 is 900 mm/min.

The robotic arm 2 of the subtractive processing part is the current mainstream high-precision robotic arm, equipped with an isolation cover, which can quickly and flexibly realize spatial movement. At the end of the robotic arm 2, there is an actuator with a maximum speed of 6000r/min. With a quick change device, it can realize the switching and installation of other working components; the internal cooling tool 3 in the material reduction equipment is arranged with a small coolant channel with an inlet and outlet in the tool, and the coolant enters the tool body from the inlet during cutting Cool the tool, and then return to the cooling system through the outlet. The coolant is not discharged directly, thus forming a non-polluting circulating cooling system. The inlet and outlet of the coolant are equipped with a sensor element for measuring temperature, which is used to measure the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet. Temperature, the upper computer control system 1 processes the data and then predicts the average temperature of the cutting tool-swarf contact surface to realize real-time monitoring of the temperature; the cooling system uses liquid nitrogen as the cooling medium; the upper computer control system 1 is used to control the mechanical The movement of the arm 2 and the tool switching of the quick change device at the end; the tool magazine is equipped with commonly used internal cooling tools 3; the operator controls the process of adding and subtracting materials to the entire device through the computer interface.

Method Example.

A method for composite manufacturing of additive and subtractive materials using the device described in the device embodiment, specifically comprising the following steps:

1) Establish the solid geometric model of the part, import the part model into the host computer on the computer for layered slicing processing, plan the movement path of the workbench and the movement path of the mechanical arm, and the host computer control system will increase the output according to the processed results. Control the material forming part and the material reduction processing part, and set the parameters that need to be controlled;

2) In the preparatory stage of processing, vacuumize the working space; the wire feeding mechanism sends the wire into the container, and the electron gun pretreats the container;

3) Utilize the deflection control system to control the electron beam emitted by the electron gun to deflect and heat the container in the vacuum chamber, so that the metal wire in the container is melted into a liquid state and filled, and the spraying area is heated to make the area reach a slightly molten state;

4) The control system controls the workbench to move according to the path planned by the slice of the part to be processed and controls the nozzle to spray the liquid metal to the injection area; the nozzle is fixed, stationary, and the direction is vertically downward;

5) Use the robotic arm of subtractive machining to process the parts according to the processing path planned by the shape of the parts, remove the excess part of the droplet deposition, and improve the processing accuracy; the motion platform can rotate around the Z axis, which is convenient for the mechanical arm to Parts are processed;

6) The workbench lowers the thickness of one layer in the Z direction, and then repeats the operations of 3), 4) and 5) until the final three-dimensional solid part is obtained;

When the structure of the part to be processed is simple, and direct subtractive processing will not cause interference, it is also possible to process the part after the additive processing is completed, so as to improve the processing accuracy and efficiency of the part and simplify the process. process.

Claims (3)

1. A compound manufacturing device for adding and subtracting materials based on an electron beam fuse, characterized in that it comprises a host computer control system (1), a mechanical arm (2), an internally cooled cutter (3), a wire reel (4), Wire feeding mechanism (5), container (6), nozzle (7), electron gun (9), high voltage power supply (10), deflection control system (11) and motion platform (12); said wire reel (4), The wire feeding mechanism (5), container (6), nozzle (7), electron gun (9), high voltage power supply (10), deflection control system (11) and motion platform (12) constitute the additive processing part of the device, the The subtractive machining part of the device composed of the mechanical arm (2) and the internal cooling tool (3), the container (6), nozzle (7) and motion platform (12) of the subtractive machining part and the additive machining part are located in the vacuum working Indoor; the motion platform (12) is set on the base of the device, and can move in the X and Y directions and rotate around the Z axis; the pressure provided by the vacuum working room for the electron beam (8) is 1×10 ^-3 Pa The vacuum working environment; the deflection control system (11) controls the electron gun (9) to emit the electron beam (8) for deflection heating according to the signal of the host computer control system (1), so that the metal wire to be processed is melted into a liquid state, or through the heating spray area , so that the injection area reaches a slightly molten state, so that the liquid metal sprayed by the nozzle (7) and the underlying metal stacked layer by layer realize metallurgical bonding; the container (6) is used to hold the metal to be processed, and the nozzle (7) and the container (6) Connected, used for spraying molten metal to the injection area on the moving platform (12); the high-voltage power supply (10) provides the voltage required for the work of the electron gun (9); the wire feeding mechanism (5) puts the The metal wire is transported into the container (6), and the liquid metal is ejected from the nozzle (7); the upper computer control system (1) is electrically connected with the subtractive processing part and the additive processing part of the device, and is used to control the electron gun (9) , high-voltage power supply (10) and deflection control system (11) control; the host computer control system (1) also controls the wire feeding speed and motion platform (12) of the wire feeding mechanism (5) according to the layered slice thickness of the parts to be processed The path speed is controlled; the upper computer control system (1) is also used to control the movement of the mechanical arm (2) and the tool switching of the internal cooling tool (3). 2. The electronic beam fuse-based additive-subtractive composite manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the container (6) is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material. 3. A method for utilizing the device according to claim 1 to carry out additive and subtractive composite manufacturing, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1. Establish the solid geometric model of the part, import the solid geometric model of the part into the host computer on the computer for layered slicing processing, plan the movement path of the workbench and the movement path of the mechanical arm, and the control system of the host computer controls the additive processing part and The subtractive processing part is controlled, and the parameters to be controlled are set; Step 2. In the processing preparation stage, vacuumize the vacuum chamber; the wire feeding mechanism sends the wire into the container, and the electron gun pretreats the container; Step 3, using the deflection control system to control the electron gun to emit electron beams to deflect and heat the container in the vacuum chamber, so that the metal wire in the container is melted into a liquid state and filled, and the spraying area is heated to make the area reach a slightly molten state; Step 4. The control system controls the workbench to move according to the path planned by the slice of the part to be processed and controls the nozzle to spray the liquid metal to the injection area; the nozzle is fixed, stationary, and the direction is vertically downward; Step 5. Use the robotic arm for subtractive processing to process the parts according to the processing path planned by the shape of the parts, and remove the excess part of the droplet deposition of the parts; the motion platform rotates around the Z axis to facilitate the processing of the parts by the robotic arm; Step 6: The workbench is lowered by one layer in the Z direction, and the operations of Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 are repeated until the final three-dimensional solid part is obtained.