CN106853417B - Centrifugation cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method - Google Patents
Centrifugation cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106853417B CN106853417B CN201611018600.6A CN201611018600A CN106853417B CN 106853417 B CN106853417 B CN 106853417B CN 201611018600 A CN201611018600 A CN 201611018600A CN 106853417 B CN106853417 B CN 106853417B
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- centrifuge
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- vacuum drying
- centrifuges
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- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/08—Other accessories for centrifuges for ventilating or producing a vacuum in the centrifuge
Landscapes
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to centrifugal process uranium-enrichment technology fields, specifically disclose a kind of a small amount of centrifuges of centrifugation cascade and shelve vacuum drying method, comprising the following steps: (1) calculate vacuum drying criterion of acceptability；(2) it is dried in vacuo.Wherein the step of (2), is the following steps are included: 2.1 shelve；2.2 shelve the measurement of vacuum qualification；2.3 heating evacuate centrifuge；2.4 vacuum drying centrifuges are shelved；2.5 centrifuges shelve Temperature fall.The method of the present invention can shelve one to tens centrifuge and be dried in vacuo, and significantly reduce drying time, reduce drying cost, improve drying efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to centrifugal process uranium-enrichment technology fields, and in particular to a kind of a small amount of centrifuges of centrifugation cascade shelve vacuum
Drying means.
Background technique
In centrifugal process uranium enrichment Process of Engineering Construction, centrifuge need to could be transported after special vacuum drying treatment
Row.Vacuum drying purpose is the hot environment by a period of time, such as 55-60 DEG C, when centrifuge is manufactured inside moisture
Etc. being evaporated, to improve the vacuum degree and cleannes of centrifuge.In the vacuum drying of centrifugal process uranium enrichment Construction Phase
Generally by many a centrifuges shelve as unit of be conducted batch-wise, it is more that every batch of completes vacuum drying quantity.Current uranium is dense
The drying that contracting engineering is completed at least is shelved using 384, most 960 centrifuges as a vacuum drying batch, and one
Centrifuge is shelved including 20 desk centrifuges.Vacuum drying a large amount of centrifuges are needed to use by common pipeline cold with liquid nitrogen
The vacuum pump for freezing container is continuously evacuated, and builds roof insulating to maintain drying temperature in vacuum drying centrifuge periphery.
But when shelving (one to tens centrifuge is shelved) to a small number of centrifuges and being dried in vacuo, filled due to one
20 desk centrifuge of frame is calculated the condensate for there was only 0.2g by criterion of acceptability, and total water yield is seldom, and orthobaric volume is the liquid nitrogen of 287L
Refrigerated container is the condensate progress Weighing that can not pour out 0.2g, therefore needs to shelve vacuum suitable for a small amount of centrifuges dry
Dry technical method and criterion of acceptability, and the vacuum drying method shelved of minority is had no precedent in uranium enrichment industry at home at present
The precedent and experience of similar work.
Summary of the invention
A small amount of centrifuges, which are cascaded, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of centrifugation shelves vacuum drying method, it can be to one
It shelves and is dried in vacuo to tens centrifuges.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of a small amount of centrifuges of centrifugation cascade shelve vacuum drying method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) vacuum drying criterion of acceptability is calculated
The Ideal-Gas Equation:
PV=nRT=mRT/M (1)
It sets certain space gas pressure change amount Δ P and mass change amount Δ m and meets (2) formula:
Δ PV=Δ mRT/M (2)
That is: Δ P=Δ mRT/ (M V)；
Obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability: centrifuge shelves pressure measuring value variation delta P less than Δ m RT/ (M
V) ；
(2) it is dried in vacuo
2.1 shelve
2.2 shelve the measurement of vacuum qualification
The change value of pressure with pipeline junction is shelved in freezing measurement, and measurement is primary per hour, measures six hours altogether,
If pressure rises above 0.133Pa per hour, vacuum measurement is qualified；If pressure was increased beyond 0.133Pa in any hour,
There are leak sources in pipeline, carry out step 2.3 after looking for leakage repairing to pressure change qualification；
2.3 heating evacuate centrifuge
The 55-60 DEG C of hot water that centrifuge pre-heating system is provided is passed through centrifuge cooling water pipe and heats to centrifuge, circulation
The variation of water temperature be not more than 3 DEG C/h, by evacuator (6) in centrifuge water vapour and volatile substance take away；
2.4 vacuum drying centrifuges are shelved
After vacuum drying centrifuge shelves (1) M hours, feed truncation group valve (3) is closed in M >=200, N hours every, and N >=
4, the reading of a thermocouple vacuum gauge (2) is recorded, when closing centrifuge is shelved in (1) P hour, P >=24, this is shelved pressure and surveys
When magnitude is risen less than Δ mRT/ (M V), terminate vacuum drying；
2.5 centrifuges shelve Temperature fall
Terminate vacuum drying centrifuge and shelve (1) Temperature fall, after centrifuge shelves (1) Temperature fall, to this portion
It dispenses frame and carries out diaphragm valve oiling and signal wire, the fastening of power supply line screw and mopping work.
The qualified necessary condition of vacuum drying is average separate unit centrifuge condensate discharge capacity Δ m < 10mg in 24 hours；It rubs
You are mass M=18g/mol；The every desk centrifuge volume V=11L of host to be dried in vacuo；Gas constant R=8.31451J/mol
K, T=50 DEG C of vacuum drying temperature=323K；
Above data is substituted into (2) formula, show that a centrifuge shelves pressure variety Δ P satisfaction (3) formula in 24 hours:
Δ P < 136Pa (3)
The standard that a centrifuge shelves vacuum qualification is calculated: one centrifuge of closing is shelved pressure in 24 hours and is surveyed
Magnitude, which rises, is less than 136Pa, since the calculation method is based on separate unit centrifuge condensate discharge capacity Δ m < 10mg in 24 hours
Situation, and two neighboring centrifuge shelves vacuum drying treatment same pressure gauge metering pressure, therefore the calculated value
It is shelved suitable for two centrifuges, i.e., two centrifuges of closing are shelved pressure measuring value in 24 hours and risen less than 136Pa；
Obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability regulation are as follows: after drying time reaches M hours, M >=200, closing centrifuge shelves 24
This is shelved pressure measuring value and rises less than 136Pa in hour.
It by 1mmHg=133Pa, goes bail for and keeps value Δ P < 133Pa, obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability regulation are as follows: drying time
Up to after M hours, M >=200, closing centrifuge, which shelves in 24 hours this and shelves pressure measuring value and rise, is less than 133Pa.
In steps 2.1, eight centrifuges are shelved into (1) and are divided into four groups, every group of two centrifuges shelve (1) respectively with
Threeway connection, the threeway other end are connect with thermocouple vacuum gauge (2), then through feed truncation group valve (3) and section feeding pipeline
(4) it is connected to, one end that the section feeding pipeline (4) that four groups of centrifuges shelve (1) evacuates pipeline (5) with section is connected to, section
The other end for evacuating pipeline (5) is connected to evacuator (6).
Roof insulating (7) are equipped in the outside that eight centrifuges shelve (1).
In step 2.2, the freezing measurement are as follows: with the gas in liquid nitrogen frozen pipeline, make condensable gas in pipeline
Pressure does not influence the judgement to seal for pipe joints.
Remarkable result of the invention is:
(1) the method for the present invention provides 55- using existing centrifuge pre-heating system without individually establishing Minton dryer
60 DEG C of hot water heating centrifuge is not yet supplied using existing truncation group feeding pipeline tail end valve as block valve using existing
Section and its truncation group the pipeline connection of material have the evacuator of vacuum pump, complete the evacuation shelved to eight, significantly reduce
Cost.
(2) present invention using simultaneously multiple mounting rather than shelves concatenated method together for eight, each when can make to evacuate
It is more balanced to shelve internal pressure.
(3) the method for the present invention is equipped with thermocouple vacuum gauge, vacuum qualification is judged using the variation of pressure, compared to existing skill
The art method that condensate is weighed judges conciser intuitive.
(4) the method for the present invention can shelve one to tens centrifuge and be dried in vacuo, and significantly reduce drying
Time improves drying efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a small amount of centrifuges shelve Minton dryer connection schematic diagram.
In figure: 1. centrifuges are shelved；2. thermocouple vacuum gauge；3. being fed truncation group valve；4. section feeding pipeline；5. section
Evacuate pipeline；6. evacuator；7. roof insulating.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of centrifugation of the present invention cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, comprising the following steps:
(1) vacuum drying criterion of acceptability is calculated
The Ideal-Gas Equation:
PV=nRT=mRT/M (1)
It sets certain space gas pressure change amount Δ P and mass change amount Δ m and meets (2) formula:
Δ PV=Δ mRT/M (2)
That is: Δ P=Δ mRT/ (M V)；
Obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability: centrifuge shelves pressure measuring value variation delta P less than Δ m RT/ (M
V) 。
The dry qualified necessary condition of specified vacuum is average single in 24 hours in " centrifuge shelves factory specification "
Desk centrifuge condensate discharge capacity Δ m < 10mg；Molal weight M=18g/mol；The every desk centrifuge volume V of host to be dried in vacuo
=11L；Gas constant R=8.31451J/mol K, vacuum drying temperature T=50 DEG C=323K.
Above data is substituted into (2) formula, show that a centrifuge shelves pressure variety Δ P satisfaction (3) formula in 24 hours:
Δ P < 136Pa (3)
By 1mmHg=133Pa, goes bail for and keep value Δ P < 133Pa, the mark that a centrifuge shelves vacuum qualification is calculated
Quasi-: one centrifuge of closing is shelved pressure measuring value in 24 hours and is risen less than 133Pa.Since the calculation method is based on separate unit
Centrifuge condensate discharge capacity is less than the case where 10mg/24h, and it is to use same that two neighboring centrifuge, which shelves vacuum drying treatment,
Pressure gauge metering pressure, therefore the calculated value is also applied for two centrifuges and shelves, that is, closes two centrifuges and shelve 24 hours
Interior pressure measuring value, which rises, is less than 133Pa.
Therefore vacuum drying criterion of acceptability regulation is obtained are as follows: after drying time up to 200 hours, it is small that closing centrifuge shelves 24
When interior this shelve pressure measuring value rise be less than 133Pa.
(2) it by taking eight centrifuges are shelved as an example, is dried in vacuo
2.1 shelve
It is four groups that eight centrifuges, which are shelved 1 point, and every group of two centrifuges are shelved 1 and connect respectively with threeway, and threeway is another
One end is connect with thermocouple vacuum gauge 2, is then connected to through being fed truncation group valve 3 with section feeding pipeline 4, four groups of centrifuge dresses
One end that the section feeding pipeline 4 of frame 1 evacuates pipeline 5 with section is connected to, and section evacuates the other end and evacuator of pipeline 5
6 connections.
2.2 shelve the measurement of vacuum qualification
The change value of pressure with pipeline junction is shelved in freezing measurement, and measurement is primary per hour, measures six hours altogether.
If pressure rises above 0.133Pa per hour, vacuum measurement is qualified；If pressure was increased beyond 0.133Pa in any hour,
There are leak sources in pipeline, carry out step 2.3 after looking for leakage repairing to pressure change qualification.
The freezing measurement are as follows: use liquid nitrogen frozen gas, do not influence the pressure of condensable gas in pipeline close to pipeline
The judgement of envelope property.
2.3 heating evacuate centrifuge
Roof insulating 7, the 55-60 DEG C of hot water that centrifuge pre-heating system is provided are equipped in the outside that eight centrifuges shelve 1
It is passed through centrifuge cooling water pipe to heat to centrifuge, the variation of circulating water temperature is not more than 3 DEG C/h, by evacuator 6 centrifugation
Water vapour and volatile substance in machine are taken away.
2.4 vacuum drying centrifuges are shelved
After vacuum drying centrifuge shelves 1M hours, M >=200 are closed and are fed truncation group valve 3, N hours every, N >=4,
The reading for recording a thermocouple vacuum gauge 2, when close centrifuge shelve 1P it is small when interior, P >=24, this is shelved on pressure measuring value
When rising less than 133Pa, terminate vacuum drying.
2.5 centrifuges shelve Temperature fall
Terminate vacuum drying centrifuge and shelve 1 Temperature fall, after centrifuge shelves 1 Temperature fall, this part is filled
Frame carries out diaphragm valve oiling and signal wire, the fastening of power supply line screw and mopping work.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of centrifugation cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) vacuum drying criterion of acceptability is calculated
The Ideal-Gas Equation:
PV=nRT=mRT/M (1)
It sets certain space gas pressure change amount Δ P and mass change amount Δ m and meets (2) formula:
Δ PV=Δ mRT/M (2)
That is: Δ P=Δ mRT/ (M V)；
Obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability: centrifuge shelves pressure measuring value variation delta P less than Δ mR T/ (M) V；
(2) it is dried in vacuo
2.1 shelve
2.2 shelve the measurement of vacuum qualification
The change value of pressure with pipeline junction is shelved in freezing measurement, and measurement is primary per hour, six hours is measured altogether, if often
Hour pressure rises above 0.133Pa, then vacuum measurement is qualified；If pressure was increased beyond 0.133Pa, pipeline in any hour
In there are leak source, look for leakage repairing to pressure change it is qualified after carry out step 2.3；
2.3 heating evacuate centrifuge
The 55-60 DEG C of hot water that centrifuge pre-heating system is provided is passed through centrifuge cooling water pipe and heats to centrifuge, circulating water temperature
Variation be not more than 3 DEG C/h, by evacuator (6) in centrifuge water vapour and volatile substance take away；
2.4 vacuum drying centrifuges are shelved
After vacuum drying centrifuge shelves (1) M hours, feed truncation group valve (3), N hours every, N >=4, note are closed in M >=200
The reading for recording a thermocouple vacuum gauge (2), when closing centrifuge is shelved in (1) P hours, P >=24, this is shelved on pressure measuring value
When rising less than Δ mRT/ (M V), terminate vacuum drying；
2.5 centrifuges shelve Temperature fall
Terminate vacuum drying centrifuge and shelve (1) Temperature fall, after centrifuge shelves (1) Temperature fall, this part is filled
Frame carries out diaphragm valve oiling and signal wire, the fastening of power supply line screw and mopping work.
2. a kind of centrifugation as described in claim 1 cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, it is characterised in that: vacuum
Dry qualified necessary condition is average separate unit centrifuge condensate discharge capacity Δ m < 10mg in 24 hours；Molal weight M=18g/
mol；The every desk centrifuge volume V=11L of host to be dried in vacuo；Gas constant R=8.31451J/molK, vacuum drying temperature
Spend T=50 DEG C=323K；
Above data is substituted into (2) formula, show that a centrifuge shelves pressure variety Δ P satisfaction (3) formula in 24 hours:
Δ P < 136Pa (3)
The standard that a centrifuge shelves vacuum qualification is calculated: one centrifuge of closing shelves pressure measuring value in 24 hours
Rise and be less than 136Pa, since the calculation method is the feelings based on separate unit centrifuge condensate discharge capacity Δ m < 10mg in 24 hours
Condition, and two neighboring centrifuge shelves vacuum drying treatment same pressure gauge metering pressure, therefore the calculated value is also fitted
It is shelved for two centrifuges, i.e., two centrifuges of closing are shelved pressure measuring value in 24 hours and risen less than 136Pa；
Obtain vacuum drying criterion of acceptability regulation are as follows: after drying time reaches M hours, M >=200, closing centrifuge is shelved 24 hours
Interior this is shelved pressure measuring value and is risen less than 136Pa.
3. a kind of centrifugation as claimed in claim 2 cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, it is characterised in that: by
1mmHg=133Pa goes bail for and keeps value Δ P < 133Pa, obtains vacuum drying criterion of acceptability regulation are as follows: after drying time reaches M hours,
M >=200, closing centrifuge, which shelves in 24 hours this and shelves pressure measuring value and rise, is less than 133Pa.
4. a kind of centrifugation as described in claim 1 cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, it is characterised in that: step
In 2.1, eight centrifuges are shelved into (1) and are divided into four groups, every group of two centrifuges are shelved (1) and connect respectively with threeway, threeway
The other end is connect with thermocouple vacuum gauge (2), is then connected to through feed truncation group valve (3) with section feeding pipeline (4), four groups from
One end that the section feeding pipeline (4) that (1) is shelved in scheming evacuates pipeline (5) with section is connected to, and section evacuates the another of pipeline (5)
One end is connected to evacuator (6).
5. a kind of centrifugation as claimed in claim 4 cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, it is characterised in that: eight
The outside that a centrifuge shelves (1) is equipped with roof insulating (7).
6. a kind of centrifugation as described in claim 1 cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method, it is characterised in that: step
In 2.2, the described freezing measurement are as follows: with the gas in liquid nitrogen frozen pipeline, do not influence the pressure of condensable gas in pipeline pair
The judgement of seal for pipe joints.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611018600.6A CN106853417B (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2016-11-18 | Centrifugation cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method |
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| CN201611018600.6A CN106853417B (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2016-11-18 | Centrifugation cascades a small amount of centrifuges and shelves vacuum drying method |
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| CN106853417B true CN106853417B (en) | 2019-02-26 |
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| CN116465159B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2025-01-07 | 四川红华实业有限公司 | Device capable of simultaneously carrying out vacuum drying in multiple batches and vacuum drying method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5293898A (en) * | 1976-02-02 | 1977-08-06 | Toshiba Corp | Control method for centrifugal separating units of uranium |
| GB0225329D0 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2002-12-11 | Genevac Ltd | Pressure control in centrifugal evaporators |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1280287A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-01-17 | 北京天利医药设备有限公司 | Method for determining terminial point of vacuum freeze drying process |
| CN1796910A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Pipeline vacuum drying method and device |
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| CN101634845A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-27 | 泰事达技术有限公司 | Method for monitoring the secondary drying in a freeze-drying process |
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