CN106853416B

CN106853416B - Spiral centrifugal separator

Info

Publication number: CN106853416B
Application number: CN201710076112.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢照才
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-02-13
Filing date: 2017-02-13
Publication date: 2023-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-13
Also published as: CN106853416A

Abstract

A spiral centrifugal separator comprises a rotary drum, wherein the rotary drum is rotatably erected on a rack and is driven by a motor to rotate; a spiral separating body is fixed in the rotary drum, and spiral upward spiral blades are arranged on the periphery of the spiral separating body; the rotary drum is provided with a liquid material inflow channel flowing to the bottom of the spiral separation body, the top of the spiral separation body is provided with an annular phase separation basin, and the phase separation basin extends from the spiral separation body to the side wall of the rotary drum; the top of the rotary drum is provided with a light phase liquid discharge hole and a heavy phase liquid discharge hole, the light phase liquid discharge hole is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin and the spiral separation body, and the heavy phase liquid discharge hole is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin and the top wall of the rotary drum. The invention provides a spiral centrifugal separator, which adopts a spiral separating body, has longer path for liquid materials to be separated to flow in a separating drum and better separating effect, has the advantages of small volume, light weight and mobility, and can be widely applied to the industries of machinery, ships, chemical industry, medicine, food, light industry and the like.

Description

Spiral centrifugal separator

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid impurity separation equipment, and particularly relates to a spiral centrifugal separator.

Background

The centrifugal separator is a separation device which utilizes the centrifugal force produced by the high-speed rotation of liquid materials driven by a rotary drum to strengthen the separation process. Compared with the effect of filtering impurities in liquid materials by using a filter, centrifugal separation is much better, and the filter cannot remove water in oil materials. However, the conventional centrifugal separator has the disadvantages of large volume, heavy weight and incapability of moving, and also has the disadvantages of complicated unpicking and washing and slag removal work (the centrifugal separator with the automatic slag discharge function is generally medium-large and is not suitable for various and small practical application occasions). The working oil and the lubricating oil which are used in large quantities in the engineering are rarely purified by using a centrifugal separator, so that the waste of the oil and the mechanical abrasion are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a spiral centrifugal separator, which adopts a spiral separating body, has longer path for liquid materials to be separated to flow in a separating drum and better separating effect, has the advantages of small volume, light weight and mobility, and can be widely applied to the industries of machinery, ships, chemical industry, medicine, food, light industry and the like.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a spiral centrifugal separator comprises a rotary drum, wherein the rotary drum is rotatably erected on a rack and is driven by a motor to rotate; a spiral separating body is fixed in the rotary drum and coaxially rotates along with the rotary drum, and spiral upward spiral blades are arranged on the periphery of the spiral separating body; the rotary drum is provided with a liquid material inflow channel flowing to the bottom of the spiral separation body, the top of the spiral separation body is provided with an annular phase separation basin, and the phase separation basin extends from the spiral separation body to the side wall of the rotary drum and leaves a gap with the side wall of the rotary drum; the top of the rotary drum is provided with a light phase liquid discharge hole and a heavy phase liquid discharge hole, the light phase liquid discharge hole is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin and the spiral separation body, and the heavy phase liquid discharge hole is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin and the top wall of the rotary drum.

Preferably, the top of the rotary drum is provided with a density ring for adjusting the caliber of the heavy phase liquid discharge hole.

Preferably, the rotary drum comprises a separating cylinder cover and a separating cylinder frame, the separating cylinder cover is conical and covers the opening at the top of the separating cylinder frame, and the phase separating basin is conical and is fixed below the separating cylinder cover.

Preferably, the detachable impurity collecting cup is attached to the inner wall of the separation barrel frame.

Preferably, the center of the separating barrel frame is provided with an upright post, and the spiral separating body is fixed on the outer wall of the upright post; the top of the stand column is grooved, the groove opening is connected with a material interface, the side wall of the groove is provided with a through hole, the spiral separating body and the stand column are formed between the liquid material inflow channel, the liquid material flows into the through hole of the side wall of the connecting groove at the upper end of the channel, and the lower end of the liquid material extends to the bottom of the spiral separating body.

Preferably, two chambers are formed outside the rotary drum, which are a light phase liquid discharge chamber and a heavy phase liquid discharge chamber, respectively, the light phase liquid discharge chamber is connected to the light phase liquid discharge hole, and the heavy phase liquid discharge chamber is connected to the heavy phase liquid discharge hole.

Preferably, the radial cross section of the helical blade is triangular.

Preferably, a shock-absorbing washer and/or a shock absorber is/are arranged between the motor and the frame.

Preferably, a circle of handrails is arranged on the periphery of the frame.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that:

the feed is introduced along the center of the drum (axial feed), flows inwards and upwards along the helical surface among the helical blades, the heavy phase liquid and the solid substances flow outwards under the action of centrifugal force, and finally the solid substances are thrown onto the wall of the drum. The clean liquid with low density flows to the center and overflows from the upper end. Because the helicoids are long enough, impurities with lower density can be separated more satisfactorily.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an overall exploded view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the drum of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the drum of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating drum of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a half sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the centrifugation of the present invention.

Reference numerals are as follows: 1. a frame; 2. a motor; 2a, a motor shaft; 2b, a shock absorber; 2c, a cushion ring; 3. a handrail; 4. a basin seat; 5. a heavy phase liquid outlet; 6. a light phase liquid outlet; 7. a handle wheel; 8. a feed pipe joint; 9. a top cover; 10. a drum; 101. a large nut; 102. a density ring; 103. a separating cylinder cover; 103a, supporting ribs; 103b, bumps; 104. a phase separation basin; 105. a helical separator; 105a, helical blades; 105b, a sleeve; 106. a trash cup; 107. a separating barrel frame; 107a, a column; 107a1, a through hole; 107a2, a rib; 11. a large partition plate; 12. a small partition plate; m, discharging the heavy phase liquid out of the chamber; n, discharging the light phase liquid out of the chamber; x, light phase liquid discharge hole; y, heavy phase liquid discharge hole.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described in the following with reference to specific embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which figures 1 to 7:

a spiral centrifugal separator comprises a rotary drum 10, the rotary drum 10 is rotatably erected on a frame 1, a motor 2 is erected at the bottom of the frame 1, and a motor shaft 2a extends upwards and is connected with the rotary drum 10 to drive the rotary drum 10 to rotate, as shown in figure 2.

Fig. 3 and 4 show a specific structure of the rotary drum 10, the rotary drum 10 includes a separation drum cover 103 and a separation drum frame 107, the separation drum cover 103 is conical and is covered on the top opening of the separation drum frame 107 through a large screw cap 101, a phase separation basin 104 is annular conical and is fixed below the separation drum cover 103, the phase separation basin 104 extends from a spiral separation body 105 to the side wall direction of the rotary drum 10 and has a gap with the side wall of the rotary drum 10; an upright 107a is arranged at the center of the separating barrel frame 107, a rotating shaft of the motor 2 is in transmission connection with the lower part of the upright 107a, ribs 107a2 which are vertically arranged at intervals are arranged on the outer wall of the upright 107a, a spiral separating body 105 is fixed on the outer wall of the upright 107a, and the upright 107a drives the spiral separating body 105 to synchronously rotate through a key or a pin shaft; the inner ring of the spiral separating body 105 is provided with a sleeve 105b which is abutted against the convex rib 107a2, and the outer wall of the spiral separating body is provided with a spiral blade 105a which has a triangular radial section and spirally ascends along the axial direction of the spiral separating body 105; the top of the upright column 107a is grooved, the groove opening is connected with the feed pipe joint 8, the side wall of the groove is provided with a through hole 107a1, the through hole 107a1 faces downwards obliquely between the adjacent ribs 107a2, the spiral separating body 105, the upright column 107a and the ribs 107a2 form a liquid material inflow channel, the upper end of the liquid material inflow channel is connected with the through hole 107a1 of the side wall, and the lower end of the liquid material inflow channel extends to the bottom of the spiral separating body 105, so that the material enters the bottom of the spiral separating body 105 from top to bottom along the central axis of the rotary drum 10, and the material flows from bottom to top along the spiral surface of the spiral blade 105 a.

Referring to fig. 3 in detail, a circle of light phase liquid discharge holes X and heavy phase liquid discharge holes Y are formed in the center of the top of the separation cylinder cover 103, the light phase liquid discharge holes X are located in the inner ring, and the outlet is higher than the heavy phase liquid discharge holes Y; referring to fig. 5, the top of the rotary drum 10 is divided into two flow path spaces by the phase separation basin 104, an overflow space for light phase liquid is formed between the phase separation basin 104 and the spiral separator 105, an overflow space for heavy phase liquid is formed between the phase separation basin 104 and the separation drum cover 103, the light phase liquid discharge hole X communicates with the overflow space for light phase liquid, and the heavy phase liquid discharge hole Y communicates with the overflow space for heavy phase. In order to effectively support the phase separation basin 104, radially extending support ribs 103a are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the separation cylinder cover 103, and the back surface of the phase separation basin 104 abuts against the support ribs 103 a; the inner wall of the separating cylinder frame 107 is adhered with a detachable impurity collecting cup 106, the outer end of the supporting edge 103a is also provided with a projection 103b in a hanging way, the impurity collecting cup 106 is tightly adhered and fixed on the separating cylinder frame 107 through the projection 103b, and the impurity collecting cup 106 can be taken out for slag removal operation only by unscrewing the large screw cap 101 and opening the separating cylinder cover 103 during cleaning.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the separation cylinder cover 103 is provided at the top thereof with a Y-caliber regulating heavy phase liquid discharge holeThe density ring 102. The separation is performed by using the density difference of the mixed liquid, the position of the light-heavy phase interface cannot be changed according to the density of the light-heavy phase in the mixed liquid structurally, and the density ring 102 is used for changing the position of the heavy phase liquid outlet 5 so as to keep the separation interface at the optimal position. In the centrifugal force field, the relation between the density of the light and heavy liquid phases and the position of the light and heavy liquid phase outlet is R light/R heavy = (D minutes) ² Weight of-D ² ) /(score of D) ² Light of-D ² ) Wherein, R light and R heavy are the density of the light and heavy phase, D is the diameter of the interface of the light and heavy phase, D light and D heavy are the outlet diameter of the light and heavy phase, the aperture of the density ring 102 is changed, and the density ring 102 can be used for separating mixed materials with different densities and proportions, but the manufacturer must have detailed and accurate material data to redesign the density ring 102, and the user is not advised to solve the problem. The limit light phase density of the separated material of the machine is 960kg/m ³ The common range is 800-930 kg/m ³ 。

With reference to fig. 2, 5 and 6, a small partition plate 12, a large partition plate 11, a top cover 9 and a basin seat 4 are arranged outside the rotary drum 10, the basin seat 4 and the frame 1 are integrally formed, the top cover 9 is covered and fixed on an opening at the upper part of the basin seat 4 through a handle wheel 7, and a feed pipe joint 8 is arranged at the top of the top cover 9 and downwards passes through the top cover 9 to be connected to a notch of the upright post 107 a; the rotary drum 10 is positioned in a cavity formed by the top cover 9 and the basin seat 4 in a surrounding manner, and the motor shaft 2a extends into the cavity from the bottom of the basin seat 4 to drive the rotary drum 10 to rotate; a large partition 11 is disposed on the top of the drum 10 and divides the chamber into a light-phase liquid discharge chamber N located at the upper portion and a heavy-phase liquid discharge chamber M located at the lower portion, a slightly higher light-phase liquid discharge hole X is connected to the light-phase liquid discharge chamber N, and a slightly lower heavy-phase liquid discharge hole Y disposed on the outer ring is connected to the heavy-phase liquid discharge chamber M. The small partition plate 12 is fixed on the lower side of the large partition plate 11 and plays a role in guiding heavy phase, the orthographic projection area of the small partition plate 12 covers the rotary drum 10, and heavy phase liquid is prevented from flowing to the matching part of the large screw cap 101 and the separating drum cover 103 and leaking back into the rotary drum 10 again. In fig. 5, a line P is a flow trajectory of the light-phase liquid, a line Q is a flow trajectory of the heavy-phase liquid, and a line Z is a flow trajectory of the liquid material to be separated.

As shown in fig. 6, a damper washer 2c and/or a damper 2b are provided between the motor 2 and the frame 1 in order to reduce vibration. The shock absorption gasket 2c can be arranged between the end cover at the upper part of the motor 2 and the bottom of the basin seat 4, and the shock absorber 2b can be arranged on the frame 1 at the lower part of the motor 2 and supports the motor 2. A circle of handrails 3 can be arranged on the periphery of the basin seat 4 or the frame 1, so that the basin is convenient to hold and carry.

Referring to fig. 7, the screw-type centrifugal separator operates according to the principle that the foreign particles a are subjected to centrifugal force during separation, and after viscous resistance of the material is overcome, an outward movement separation speed Vr is generated, which is proportional to the density of the particles and the distance R between the particles and the axis line, and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the material. That is, the higher the density of the foreign matter and the farther from the center line, the larger the centrifugal force it obtains, the smaller the viscosity of the material, and the smaller the viscous resistance to the foreign matter particles a. At the same time, the impurity particles a are carried along by the separated material, moving between the helical blades 105a at a speed Vt, towards the overflow. The material movement velocity Vt is proportional to the throughput. The moving track of the particle A is the vector composite direction of Vr and Vt. The particles enter the spiral surfaces from the point A, are driven by liquid flow to move along the channels among the spiral surfaces and simultaneously move outwards under the action of centrifugal force, and under the action of the two motions, the particles move outwards along the track of the chain double-dot chain line in the figure and are thrown to the inner wall of the rotary drum 10 by the centrifugal force to achieve the separation purpose.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A spiral centrifugal separator characterized in that: comprises a rotary drum (10), wherein the rotary drum (10) is rotatably erected on a rack (1) and is driven to rotate by a motor (2); a spiral separation body (105) is fixed in the rotary drum (10) and coaxially rotates along with the rotary drum (10), and spiral upward spiral blades (105 a) are arranged on the periphery of the spiral separation body (105); the rotary drum (10) is provided with a liquid material inflow channel flowing to the bottom of the spiral separating body (105), the top of the spiral separating body (105) is provided with an annular phase separating basin (104), and the phase separating basin (104) extends from the spiral separating body (105) to the side wall direction of the rotary drum (10) and is provided with a gap with the side wall of the rotary drum (10); the top of the rotary drum (10) is provided with a light phase liquid discharge hole (X) and a heavy phase liquid discharge hole (Y), the light phase liquid discharge hole (X) is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin (104) and the spiral separation body (105), and the heavy phase liquid discharge hole (Y) is communicated with the space between the phase separation basin (104) and the top wall of the rotary drum (10); the rotary drum (10) comprises a separating drum cover (103) and a separating drum frame (107), radially extending supporting ribs (103 a) are circumferentially distributed on the inner surface of the separating drum cover (103), and the back of the phase separating basin (104) is abutted against the supporting ribs (103 a); a convex block (103 b) is also hung at the outer end of the supporting edge (103 a), and the impurity collecting cup (106) is tightly fixed on the separating cylinder frame (107) through the convex block (103 b).

2. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the top of the rotary drum (10) is provided with a density ring (102) for adjusting the caliber size of the heavy phase liquid discharge hole (Y).

3. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the separating cylinder cover (103) is conical and covers the opening at the top of the separating cylinder frame (107), and the phase separating basin (104) is conical and is fixed below the separating cylinder cover (103).

4. A spiral centrifuge according to claim 3, wherein: an upright post (107 a) is arranged in the center of the separating barrel frame (107), and the spiral separating body (105) is fixed on the outer wall of the upright post (107 a); the top of the upright post (107 a) is grooved, the groove opening is connected with a liquid material interface, the side wall of the groove is provided with a through hole (107 a 1), the spiral separating body (105) and the upright post (107 a) are formed between the liquid material inflow channel, the upper end of the liquid material inflow channel is connected with the through hole (107 a 1) of the side wall of the groove, and the lower end of the liquid material inflow channel extends to the bottom of the spiral separating body (105).

5. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: two chambers are formed outside the rotary drum (10), and are respectively a light-phase liquid discharge chamber (N) and a heavy-phase liquid discharge chamber (M), the light-phase liquid discharge chamber (N) is connected with the light-phase liquid discharge hole (X), and the heavy-phase liquid discharge chamber (M) is connected with the heavy-phase liquid discharge hole (Y).

6. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the radial section of the spiral blade (105 a) is triangular.

7. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: and a damping washer (2 c) and/or a damper (2 b) are/is arranged between the motor (2) and the frame (1).

8. The spiral centrifuge of claim 1, wherein: the periphery of the frame (1) is provided with a circle of handrails (3).