CN106830320A - A kind of method of integrated form biological bed and treatment rural scattered domestic sewage - Google Patents
A kind of method of integrated form biological bed and treatment rural scattered domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
- C02F3/108—Immobilising gels, polymers or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
一种集成式生物床及处理农村分散式生活污水的方法，集成式生物床包括进水管、厌氧区、控制室、鼓风机、进水泵、回流泵、溢流隔板、挡板、好氧区、过滤区、曝气管、聚氨酯泡沫填料、石英砂层、陶粒层、承托层、出水管。污水通过进水泵沿进水管由厌氧区底部进入，在厌氧区中自下而上运行，污染物被附着在聚氨酯泡沫填料上的厌氧菌分解；经溢流隔板流出，再由挡板底部的小孔自下而上进入好氧区后，污染物被好氧菌进一步分解；处理后的出水一部分经回流泵回流至厌氧区进行内循环反硝化，一部分经溢流隔板进入过滤区，自上而下分别流经过石英砂层、陶粒层及承托层，净化后的水经出水管排出可作为生活杂用水使用。
An integrated biological bed and a method for treating rural decentralized domestic sewage. The integrated biological bed includes a water inlet pipe, an anaerobic area, a control room, a blower, an inlet pump, a return pump, an overflow partition, a baffle, and an aerobic area , filter area, aeration pipe, polyurethane foam filler, quartz sand layer, ceramsite layer, supporting layer, outlet pipe. The sewage enters from the bottom of the anaerobic zone through the inlet pump along the inlet pipe, and runs from bottom to top in the anaerobic zone. The pollutants are decomposed by the anaerobic bacteria attached to the polyurethane foam filler; After the small holes at the bottom of the plate enter the aerobic zone from bottom to top, the pollutants are further decomposed by aerobic bacteria; part of the treated effluent is returned to the anaerobic zone through the return pump for internal circulation denitrification, and part of it enters through the overflow partition The filter area flows through the quartz sand layer, ceramsite layer and supporting layer from top to bottom, and the purified water is discharged through the outlet pipe and can be used as domestic miscellaneous water.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境工程污水处理技术领域，具体为农村生活污水的处理技术。The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering sewage treatment, in particular to the treatment technology of rural domestic sewage.
背景技术Background technique
我国村镇地域范围广，农村居民居住分散，经济水平、生活习惯等差别较大，农村生活污水的来源、水质、水量复杂多样，因而决定了农村生活污水处理工艺的选择、工程建设与投资、运行管理模式等多方面的复杂性。在居民比较分散的农村地区，修建大面积、长距离的污水收集管网系统不仅投资大，而且长距离的污水输送存在跑冒滴漏等问题，污水收集率不高，因此不宜采用集中处理的方法进行处理。my country's villages and towns have a wide area, rural residents live scattered, economic level, living habits, etc. are quite different, and the sources, water quality, and water volume of rural domestic sewage are complex and diverse, which determines the selection of rural domestic sewage treatment technology, project construction and investment, and operation. Management mode and many other aspects of complexity. In rural areas where the residents are relatively scattered, the construction of a large-area, long-distance sewage collection pipe network system not only requires a large investment, but also has problems such as running, emitting, dripping, and leaking in long-distance sewage transportation. The sewage collection rate is not high, so centralized treatment is not suitable. to process.
现有的适用于农村生活污水分散处理的技术按照处理方式的不同可分为两类：一类是传统的生物处理方式，包括曝气池、生物滤池、氧化沟、SBR反应器等，这类处理工艺出水水质稳定、基建费用低、占地面积小，但管理复杂且运行成本较高；第二类是土地处理方法，例如稳定塘、人工湿地等，这类处理工艺污染物去除率高、管理简单、运行成本低，但占地面积大，基建费用相对较高。Existing technologies suitable for decentralized treatment of rural domestic sewage can be divided into two categories according to different treatment methods: one is traditional biological treatment methods, including aeration tanks, biological filters, oxidation ditch, SBR reactors, etc. The first type of treatment process has stable effluent water quality, low infrastructure costs, and small footprint, but complex management and high operating costs; the second type is land treatment methods, such as stabilization ponds, artificial wetlands, etc. This type of treatment process has a high removal rate of pollutants , simple management and low operating cost, but it occupies a large area and relatively high infrastructure costs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种集成式生物床及处理农村分散式生活污水的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated biological bed and a method for treating rural decentralized domestic sewage.
本发明是一种集成式生物床及处理农村分散式生活污水的方法，集成式生物床，包括进水管1、厌氧区2、控制室3、鼓风机4、进水泵5、回流泵6、第一溢流隔板7、挡板8、好氧区9、第二溢流隔板10、过滤区11、曝气管12、聚氨酯泡沫填料13、石英砂层14、陶粒层15、承托层16、出水管17，所述集成式生物床由厌氧区2、好氧区9、过滤区11及控制室3组成，所述控制室3位于厌氧区2上部，内部设置有鼓风机4、进水泵5、回流泵6，所述厌氧区2及好氧区9内部填充聚氨酯泡沫填料13，所述过滤区11由下至上依次由承托层16、陶粒层15、石英砂层14组成。The present invention is an integrated biological bed and a method for treating rural distributed domestic sewage. The integrated biological bed includes a water inlet pipe 1, an anaerobic zone 2, a control room 3, a blower 4, an inlet pump 5, a return pump 6, a One overflow partition 7, baffle 8, aerobic zone 9, second overflow partition 10, filter zone 11, aeration pipe 12, polyurethane foam filler 13, quartz sand layer 14, ceramsite layer 15, support Layer 16, outlet pipe 17, the integrated biological bed is composed of anaerobic zone 2, aerobic zone 9, filter zone 11 and control room 3, the control room 3 is located on the upper part of anaerobic zone 2, and a blower 4 is arranged inside , water inlet pump 5, return pump 6, polyurethane foam filler 13 is filled inside described anaerobic zone 2 and aerobic zone 9, and described filter zone 11 is successively composed of supporting layer 16, ceramsite layer 15, quartz sand layer from bottom to top 14 compositions.
采用以上所述的集成式生物床，处理农村分散式生活污水的方法，其步骤为：Adopting the above-mentioned integrated biological bed, the method for treating rural decentralized domestic sewage, the steps are:
（1）污水通过进水泵5经进水管1流入厌氧区2；(1) The sewage flows into the anaerobic zone 2 through the water inlet pump 5 through the water inlet pipe 1;
（2）污水在厌氧区2中自下而上运行，污染物被附着在聚氨酯泡沫填料上的厌氧微生物分解；(2) The sewage runs from bottom to top in the anaerobic zone 2, and the pollutants are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms attached to the polyurethane foam filler;
（3）经厌氧发酵后的污水进入到好氧区9内，污染物在好氧微生物的作用下进一步被分解；(3) The sewage after anaerobic fermentation enters the aerobic zone 9, and the pollutants are further decomposed under the action of aerobic microorganisms;
（4）好氧区9的出水一部分通过回流泵回流至厌氧区2，一部分自流至过滤区11，经过滤层过滤后得到的清水可作为生活杂用水使用，即完成农村分散式生活污水的处理。(4) Part of the effluent from the aerobic zone 9 flows back to the anaerobic zone 2 through the return pump, and part of it flows to the filter zone 11 by itself. The clear water obtained after being filtered by the filter layer can be used as domestic miscellaneous water, that is, to complete the rural decentralized domestic sewage. deal with.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：1.本发明中，控制室设置在厌氧区上方，一方面可以使厌氧区形成一个封闭空间，提供更好的厌氧运行条件，另一方面，可以使设备结构紧凑，减少占地面积。2.本发明中，以聚氨酯泡沫填料作为微生物生长的载体，相较于常用的陶粒、沸石等载体，该材料比重小、孔隙率大，微生物负载量大，且微生物膜不易脱落，更有利于微生物生长繁殖。3.本发明中，厌氧区填料自然堆积，在水流作用下呈原位紊动状态，可以减轻污水中的悬浮固体堵塞填料对水头损失和去除率的影响，故所需反冲洗频率很低；好氧区填料在曝气气流作用下，呈流化状态，无堵塞现象，无需反冲洗。采用间歇式进水方式，有利于生物床中微生物的内源消化，减少污泥的产生量，生物床厌氧及好氧区内基本不排泥。4.本发明中，过滤层可进一步截留除去水中的悬浮物、胶质颗粒及微生物等，使出水达到生活杂用水质标准，缓解农村缺水地区的用水状况。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. In the present invention, the control room is arranged above the anaerobic zone, which can make the anaerobic zone form a closed space on the one hand and provide better anaerobic operating conditions; On the one hand, it can make the equipment compact and reduce the occupied area. 2. In the present invention, polyurethane foam filler is used as the carrier for microbial growth. Compared with commonly used carriers such as ceramsite and zeolite, the material has small specific gravity, large porosity, large microbial load, and the microbial film is not easy to fall off, and more conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. 3. In the present invention, the fillers in the anaerobic zone accumulate naturally and are in turbulent state under the action of water flow, which can reduce the influence of suspended solids in the sewage to block the fillers on the water head loss and removal rate, so the required backwashing frequency is very low ; The filler in the aerobic area is in a fluidized state under the action of the aeration airflow, without clogging and without backwashing. The intermittent water intake method is beneficial to the endogenous digestion of microorganisms in the biological bed, reducing the amount of sludge produced, and there is basically no sludge discharge in the anaerobic and aerobic areas of the biological bed. 4. In the present invention, the filter layer can further intercept and remove suspended solids, colloidal particles, and microorganisms in the water, so that the effluent can meet the domestic miscellaneous water quality standards, and alleviate the water use situation in rural water-shortage areas.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明集成式生物床的结构示意图；图2为本发明挡板的结构示意图；图3为本发明溢流隔板的结构示意图。附图标记及对应名称为：进水管1，厌氧区2，控制室3，鼓风机4，进水泵5，回流泵6，溢流隔板7，挡板8，好氧区9，溢流隔板10，过滤区11，曝气管12，聚氨酯泡沫填料13，石英砂层14，陶粒层15，承托层16，出水管17。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the integrated biological bed of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a baffle of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an overflow partition of the present invention. Reference signs and corresponding names are: water inlet pipe 1, anaerobic zone 2, control room 3, blower 4, water inlet pump 5, return pump 6, overflow partition 7, baffle 8, aerobic zone 9, overflow partition Plate 10, filter area 11, aeration pipe 12, polyurethane foam filler 13, quartz sand layer 14, ceramsite layer 15, supporting layer 16, and water outlet pipe 17.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示，进一步阐述本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific illustrations.
如图1、图2所示，本发明是一种集成式生物床及处理农村分散式生活污水的方法，集成式生物床，包括进水管1、厌氧区2、控制室3、鼓风机4、进水泵5、回流泵6、第一溢流隔板7、挡板8、好氧区9、第二溢流隔板10、过滤区11、曝气管12、聚氨酯泡沫填料13、石英砂层14、陶粒层15、承托层16、出水管17，所述集成式生物床由厌氧区2、好氧区9、过滤区11及控制室3组成，所述控制室3位于厌氧区2上部，内部设置有鼓风机4、进水泵5、回流泵6，所述厌氧区2及好氧区9内部填充聚氨酯泡沫填料13，所述过滤区11由下至上依次由承托层16、陶粒层15、石英砂层14组成。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention is an integrated biological bed and a method for treating rural distributed domestic sewage. The integrated biological bed includes a water inlet pipe 1, an anaerobic zone 2, a control room 3, a blower 4, Inlet pump 5, return pump 6, first overflow partition 7, baffle 8, aerobic zone 9, second overflow partition 10, filter zone 11, aeration tube 12, polyurethane foam filler 13, quartz sand layer 14. Ceramsite layer 15, supporting layer 16, and outlet pipe 17. The integrated biological bed is composed of anaerobic zone 2, aerobic zone 9, filter zone 11 and control room 3. The control room 3 is located in the anaerobic The upper part of zone 2 is provided with a blower 4, an inlet pump 5, and a return pump 6. The anaerobic zone 2 and the aerobic zone 9 are filled with polyurethane foam filler 13, and the filter zone 11 is successively composed of a supporting layer 16 from bottom to top , ceramsite layer 15, quartz sand layer 14 composition.
如图1所示，所述控制室3与厌氧区2通过滑轨连接，能够向右侧滑动。As shown in FIG. 1 , the control chamber 3 is connected with the anaerobic zone 2 through slide rails, and can slide to the right.
如图1所示，所述厌氧区2内部的聚氨酯泡沫填料13呈自然堆积状态。As shown in FIG. 1 , the polyurethane foam filler 13 inside the anaerobic zone 2 is in a state of natural accumulation.
如图1所示，所述好氧区9底部设置曝气管12，在气流作用下，内部的聚氨酯泡沫填料13呈流化状态。As shown in FIG. 1 , an aeration tube 12 is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic zone 9 , and the inner polyurethane foam filler 13 is in a fluidized state under the action of air flow.
如图1、图3所示，所述第一溢流隔板7的高度大于第二溢流隔板10，结构相同，均为顶部齿形堰结构。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the height of the first overflow partition 7 is higher than that of the second overflow partition 10, and the structure is the same, both of which are tooth-shaped weir structures at the top.
如图2所示，所述挡板8底部均匀开有直径约5mm小孔。As shown in FIG. 2 , small holes with a diameter of about 5 mm are evenly opened on the bottom of the baffle plate 8 .
采用以上所述的集成式生物床，处理农村分散式生活污水的方法，其步骤为：Adopting the above-mentioned integrated biological bed, the method for treating rural decentralized domestic sewage, the steps are:
（1）污水通过进水泵5经进水管1流入厌氧区2；(1) The sewage flows into the anaerobic zone 2 through the water inlet pump 5 through the water inlet pipe 1;
（2）污水在厌氧区2中自下而上运行，污染物被附着在聚氨酯泡沫填料上的厌氧微生物分解；(2) The sewage runs from bottom to top in the anaerobic zone 2, and the pollutants are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms attached to the polyurethane foam filler;
（3）经厌氧发酵后的污水进入到好氧区9内，污染物在好氧微生物的作用下进一步被分解；(3) The sewage after anaerobic fermentation enters the aerobic zone 9, and the pollutants are further decomposed under the action of aerobic microorganisms;
（4）好氧区9的出水一部分通过回流泵回流至厌氧区2，一部分自流至过滤区11，经过滤层过滤后得到的清水可作为生活杂用水使用，即完成农村分散式生活污水的处理。(4) Part of the effluent from the aerobic zone 9 flows back to the anaerobic zone 2 through the return pump, and part of it flows to the filter zone 11 by itself. The clear water obtained after being filtered by the filter layer can be used as domestic miscellaneous water, that is, to complete the rural decentralized domestic sewage. deal with.
如图1所示，先将控制室3沿滑轨推至右侧，在厌氧区2内填充填料后，再将控制室3推回至厌氧区2上方，即可形成封闭的厌氧环境。As shown in Figure 1, first push the control chamber 3 to the right along the slide rail, fill the anaerobic zone 2 with filler, and then push the control chamber 3 back to the top of the anaerobic zone 2 to form a closed anaerobic zone. environment.
本发明的集成式生物床在使用时，污水通过进水泵5沿进水管1由厌氧区2底部进入，污水在厌氧区2中自下而上前进，污染物被附着在填料上的厌氧菌分解；经溢流隔板7的齿形堰流出，再由挡板8底部的小孔自下而上进入好氧区9后，污染物被附着在填料上的好氧菌进一步分解；处理后的出水一部分经回流泵6回流至厌氧区2进行内循环反硝化，一部分经溢流隔板10进入过滤区11，自上而下分别流经过石英砂层14陶粒层15、承托层16，进一步截留除去水中的悬浮物、胶质颗粒及微生物等；净化后的水经出水管17排出，可作为生活杂用水使用。When the integrated biological bed of the present invention is in use, the sewage enters from the bottom of the anaerobic zone 2 along the water inlet pipe 1 through the water inlet pump 5, and the sewage advances from bottom to top in the anaerobic zone 2, and the pollutants are attached to the anaerobic zone on the filler. Decomposition of aerobic bacteria; after flowing out through the tooth-shaped weir of the overflow partition 7, and then entering the aerobic zone 9 from bottom to top through the small hole at the bottom of the baffle 8, the pollutants are further decomposed by the aerobic bacteria attached to the filler; Part of the treated effluent flows back to the anaerobic zone 2 through the return pump 6 for internal circulation denitrification, and part of it enters the filter zone 11 through the overflow partition 10, and flows through the quartz sand layer 14, the ceramsite layer 15, and the bearing layer respectively from top to bottom. The support layer 16 further intercepts and removes suspended solids, colloidal particles and microorganisms in the water; the purified water is discharged through the outlet pipe 17 and can be used as domestic miscellaneous water.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理及主要特征，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制。上述说明书和实施例中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入本发明要求保护的范围内，本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention have been shown and described above, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What described in above-mentioned description and embodiment just illustrates the principle of the present invention, under the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also can have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall into the claimed protection of the present invention. To the extent that the invention is claimed, the scope of protection is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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