CN106823801A - A kind of nano composite material and preparation method thereof, automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the field of environmental protection, and provides a nanocomposite material, a preparation method thereof, and an automobile tail gas treatment device. The nanocomposite material includes nanoscale porous titanium and metal oxide, and the metal oxide is filled in the pores of the porous titanium. The automobile exhaust treatment device also includes a gas catalytic device connected between the air inlet and the gas outlet; the gas catalytic device includes the above-mentioned nanocomposite material. The nano-composite material provided by the present invention is a nano-scale porous titanium structure, and the porous titanium pores are filled with metal oxides, thereby obtaining a new type of host-guest nano-composite material with catalytic reduction, which can be well oxidized and reduced Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, lead and sulfur oxides, etc.

Description

A kind of nanocomposite material and its preparation method, automobile exhaust treatment device

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a nanocomposite material, a preparation method thereof, and an automobile tail gas treatment device.

Background technique

With the development of society and economy, automobiles have gradually entered thousands of households, and with it comes the problem of automobile exhaust emissions. Harmful gases in automobile exhaust are discharged into the environment, which will cause great harm to the living environment of human beings. Eliminating the pollution caused by automobile exhaust to the environment is an urgent problem to be solved by researchers in the field of exhaust emissions.

The tail gas treatment device is a device that purifies the tail gas under the action of a catalyst to reduce environmental pollution. Existing exhaust gas treatment devices are not thorough in the treatment of automobile exhaust, which will also cause air pollution; in addition, the existing exhaust gas treatment devices are too large to be easily loaded and unloaded, and are expensive, expensive, low in processing efficiency, and difficult to maintain.

Therefore, there are defects in the prior art, and improvement is badly needed.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a nanocomposite material, a preparation method thereof, and an automobile exhaust treatment device.

The present invention is achieved like this, a kind of preparation method of nanocomposite material, comprises the following steps:

Prepare a porous titanium model, place it in an acidic solution for pretreatment, and wash it. The length of the porous titanium is 500-1000mm, the width is 200-430mm, and the thickness is 2-4mm;

Preparation of a nitrate solution of the metal Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh , at least one of Pd, Os, Sc, Y, lanthanide metals, Sn, Sb, Bi, In, Ga, Ge;

placing the washed porous titanium in the nitrate solution for ultrasonic treatment and drying to obtain a porous titanium-nitrate composite;

The porous titanium-nitrate composite is baked in a protective gas to obtain a nanocomposite material.

Further, the acidic solution is at least one of oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid.

Further, the pores of the porous titanium are 5-50 μm.

Further, the nanocomposite material includes nanoscale porous titanium and metal oxide, and the metal oxide is filled in the pores of the porous titanium.

Further, the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20KHz-500MHz, and the time is 0.3-0.5h.

Further, the temperature of the calcination is 100-950° C., and the time is 3-5 hours.

The present invention also provides a nano-composite material, which is made by the above-mentioned preparation method of the nano-composite material.

The present invention also provides an automobile exhaust treatment device, which includes an air inlet and an air outlet. The automobile exhaust treatment device also includes a gas catalytic device, and the gas catalytic device is connected between the air inlet and the air outlet; The gas catalytic device comprises the above-mentioned nanocomposite material.

Further, the vehicle exhaust treatment device also includes a dust removal device for removing solid dust in the vehicle exhaust, and the dust removal device is connected between the air inlet and the gas catalytic device.

Further, the vehicle exhaust treatment device further includes an injection device for allowing the vehicle exhaust to quickly pass through the vehicle exhaust treatment device, and the injection device is connected between the air inlet and the dust removal device.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that: the nanocomposite material provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a nanoscale porous titanium structure, and metal oxides are filled in the pores of the porous titanium, thereby obtaining a catalytic reduction The new host-guest nanocomposite material can oxidize and reduce nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, lead and sulfur oxides well.

In the automobile exhaust treatment device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the gas catalytic device includes the nanocomposite material provided above. When treating the exhaust gas, the nano-scale porous titanium-metal oxide performs oxidation-reduction decomposition on the automobile exhaust gas to make it become non-toxic. Harmful gases are released into the atmosphere. In addition, the vehicle exhaust treatment device is small in size and easy to assemble and disassemble. It can be seen that the use of nano-oxide/porous titanium-type composite nano-scale materials to form a gas catalytic device has high exhaust gas treatment efficiency, low cost, and simple structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile exhaust treatment device provided by a third embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a nanocomposite material, comprising the following steps:

Prepare a porous titanium model, place it in an acidic solution for pretreatment, and wash it. The length of the porous titanium is 500-1000mm, the width is 200-430mm, and the thickness is 2-4mm;

Preparation of a nitrate solution of the metal Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh , at least one of Pd, Os, Sc, Y, lanthanide metals, Sn, Sb, Bi, In, Ga, Ge;

placing the washed porous titanium in the nitrate solution for ultrasonic treatment and drying to obtain a porous titanium-nitrate composite;

The porous titanium-nitrate composite is baked in a protective gas to obtain a nanocomposite material.

In the preparation method of the nanocomposite material provided by the first embodiment of the present invention, firstly, a porous titanium model is prepared, and the porous titanium is used as a fixing material, and the nanoscale oxide is fixed into a desired shape. Then combine the porous titanium and metal nitrate to form a porous titanium-nitrate composite, and then roast the porous titanium-nitrate composite to obtain a nanocomposite material. The preparation method has a simple process and is convenient for industrialized production.

Specifically, the preparation of the porous titanium model includes: bonding organic matter and porous titanium to form a required model, and then sintering the model at high temperature to decompose the organic matter at high temperature, leaving only the porous titanium as the model.

Specifically, the acidic solution is a weak acid such as oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, etc., and the mass fraction of the acidic solution is 0-15%.

Specifically, the pores of the porous titanium are 5-50 μm. The porosity of the porous titanium is 25%-35%. The nanocomposite material includes nanoscale porous titanium and metal oxide, and the metal oxide is filled in the pores of the porous titanium.

Specifically, the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20KHz-500MHz, and the time is 0.3-0.5h. The ultrasonic treatment is to remove the acid-base and other agents attached to the surface of the complex, and it is easier to clean through ultrasonic oscillation. The temperature of the calcination is 100-950°C, and the time is 3-5h. The function of the calcination is to decompose the nitrate in the porous titanium-nitrate composite to produce metal oxide, so as to obtain the nanocomposite material composed of porous titanium and metal oxide.

The second embodiment of the present invention provides a nanocomposite material, which is made by using the above-mentioned preparation method of the nanocomposite material.

The nano-composite material provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is a nano-scale porous titanium structure, and metal oxides are filled in the porous titanium pores, thereby obtaining a novel host-guest nano-composite material with a catalytic reduction effect, which can be very good Oxidation and reduction of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, lead and sulfur oxides.

Specifically, there are two types of porous titanium materials: pipes and plates. The length of the porous titanium is 500-1000 mm, the width is 200-430 mm, and the thickness is 2-4 mm.

Referring to Fig. 1, the third embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of automobile exhaust treatment device 100, comprises air inlet 1, gas outlet 2, and automobile exhaust treatment device 100 also comprises gas catalytic device 3, and gas catalytic device 3 is connected to intake air Between the port 1 and the gas outlet 2; the gas catalytic device 3 includes the above-mentioned nanocomposite material.

The automobile exhaust treatment device 100 provided by the third embodiment of the present invention, the nanocomposite material provided by the second embodiment is a gas catalytic device 3, and when the exhaust gas is treated, the nanoscale porous titanium-metal oxide oxide is used to treat the exhaust gas of the automobile. Redox decomposition, so that it becomes a harmless gas discharged into the atmosphere. In addition, the vehicle exhaust treatment device 100 is small in size, and only needs to install the air inlet on the vehicle exhaust port, and fix it with four screws, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly. The gas catalytic device 3 is formed by using nano-oxide/porous titanium-type composite nano-scale materials, which has high tail gas treatment efficiency, low cost and simple structure.

Specifically, the vehicle exhaust gas treatment device 100 also includes a dust removal device 3 for removing solid dust in the vehicle exhaust gas, and the dust removal device 3 is connected between the air inlet 1 and the gas catalytic device 3 . The dust removal device 3 is used to remove solid suspended particles in the exhaust gas, which not only eliminates the pollution of the solid suspended particles to the atmosphere, but also prevents the solid suspended particles from adhering to the gas catalytic device 3 and affecting its gas catalytic efficiency. Specifically, the dust removal device 3 may use a filter screen or the like.

The vehicle exhaust treatment device 100 also includes an injection device 4 for allowing the vehicle exhaust to quickly pass through the vehicle exhaust treatment device. The injection device 4 is connected between the air inlet 1 and the dust removal device 3 . The injection device 4 may be an injector, and its function is to shorten the time for the exhaust gas to pass through the vehicle exhaust treatment device 100 , thereby speeding up the treatment efficiency of the vehicle exhaust treatment device 100 on the vehicle exhaust gas.

Specifically, the gas catalytic device 3 includes a plurality of catalytic units 6 arranged at intervals, and each catalytic unit 6 is filled with the nanocomposite material.

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1 Preparation of Porous Metal Titanium-Metal Oxide Nanostructured Composite Catalyst

In this embodiment, CoOx/Ti is used as the film material:

Prepare a porous titanium model, pretreat the prepared porous titanium model in an oxalic acid solution (10-15% by mass fraction) for 3-5 hours, wash it with deionized water, and place it in a cobalt nitrate solution (30-50%) Sonicated for 0.5 h, then dried at room temperature.

The coated film is placed in a tube furnace, baked to 400° C. under the protection of an inert gas atmosphere, and kept for 3-5 hours to obtain a porous titanium/metal oxide nanocomposite material, which is a CoOx/Ti film.

It was determined that the obtained CoOx/Ti membrane had a porosity of 28%, a pore size of 5.8 μm, and a permeability of 70 m ³ /m ² ·kpa·h.

The test process of the permeation performance is as follows: make a solution with known ion composition and concentration, place it in one side of a container, and the other side is a pure aqueous solution, and the two liquids are separated by a CoOx membrane. Every 1h, measure the ion composition and concentration in the pure aqueous solution, thus obtain the permeability of the CoOx membrane.

Example 2

This embodiment takes ZnOx/Ti as the film material:

Prepare a porous titanium model, pretreat the prepared porous titanium model in a phosphoric acid solution (10-15% by mass fraction) for 3-5 hours, wash it with acetone, coat a layer of zinc oxide nanocrystalline buffer layer, place Zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine solution (30-50%) are hydrothermally reacted for 30-48 hours, accompanied by ultrasonic treatment, the reaction temperature is 120 degrees, and then dried at room temperature.

The coated film is placed in a tube furnace, baked to 750° C. under the protection of an inert gas atmosphere, and kept for 3-5 hours to obtain a porous titanium/metal oxide nanocomposite material, which is a ZnOx/Ti film.

It was determined that the obtained CoOx/Ti membrane had a porosity of 32%, a pore size of 25 μm, and a permeability of 120 m ³ /m ² ·kpa·h.

The test process of the permeability is the same as in Example 1.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of nano composite material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

Prepare POROUS TITANIUM model, be placed in acid solution and pre-processed, clean, the length of the POROUS TITANIUM for 500~ 1000mm, width is 200~430mm, and thickness is 2~4mm；

Prepare the nitrate solution of the metal, the metal be Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, At least one in Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Sc, Y, lanthanide series metal, Sn, Sb, Bi, In, Ga, Ge；

POROUS TITANIUM after cleaning is placed in the nitrate solution carries out ultrasonically treated, drying, obtains POROUS TITANIUM-nitrate multiple Compound；

The POROUS TITANIUM-nitric acid salt composite is placed in protective gas and is calcined, obtain nano composite material.

2. the preparation method of nano composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the acid solution be oxalic acid, At least one in phosphoric acid, acetic acid.

3. the preparation method of nano composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hole of the POROUS TITANIUM is 5 ~50 μm.

4. the preparation method of nano composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the nano composite material includes Nanometer porous titanium and metal oxide, the metal oxide are filled in the hole of the POROUS TITANIUM.

5. the preparation method of nano composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ultrasonically treated frequency is 20KHz-500MHz, the time is 0.3-0.5h.

6. the preparation method of nano composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of the roasting is 100- 950 DEG C, the time is 3-5h.

7. a kind of nano composite material, it is characterised in that using the nano composite material described in claim 1 to 6 any one Preparation method be made.

8. a kind of automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus, including air inlet, gas outlet, it is characterised in that the automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus Also include gas catalysis device, the gas catalysis device is connected between the air inlet and gas outlet；The gas catalysis Device includes the nano composite material described in claim 7.

9. automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus also include Dust arrester for removing solid dust in vehicle exhaust, the dust arrester is connected to the air inlet and is urged with the gas Between makeup is put.

10. automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus are also wrapped Include for making vehicle exhaust quickly through the injection apparatus of automobile exhaust gas processing apparatus, the injection apparatus is connected to the air inlet Between mouth and the dust arrester.