CN106816881A - A kind of series compensation device and its capacity optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of series compensation device and its capacity optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种串联补偿装置及其容量优化方法，所述装置包括耦合变压器和换流器；耦合变压器的一次侧绕组串联接入待补偿线路中，二次侧绕组与换流器并联；一次侧绕组和/或二次侧绕组上分别设置多个分接头，用于改变耦合变压器的电压变比；所述方法包括获取串联补偿装置进行感性补偿时的等效阻抗值；依据等效阻抗值调节耦合变压器的电压变比。与现有技术相比，本发明提供的一种串联补偿装置及其容量优化方法，通过动态调节耦合变压器的电压变比，使得换流器容量一直维持在恒定状态，节省了换流器的容量，进而降低了串联补偿装置的制造成本。
The invention provides a series compensation device and a capacity optimization method thereof. The device includes a coupling transformer and a converter; the primary side winding of the coupling transformer is connected in series to the line to be compensated, and the secondary side winding is connected in parallel with the converter; A plurality of taps are respectively arranged on the primary side winding and/or the secondary side winding to change the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer; the method includes obtaining the equivalent impedance value when the series compensation device performs inductive compensation; according to the equivalent impedance value to adjust the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer. Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a series compensation device and its capacity optimization method. By dynamically adjusting the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer, the capacity of the converter is maintained at a constant state, saving the capacity of the converter. , thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the series compensation device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，具体涉及一种串联补偿装置及其容量优化方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a series compensation device and a capacity optimization method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
串联补偿装置是提高输电系统输送容量及改善输电线路参数的重要设备：在长距离输电线路中可以通过串联电容器抵消输电线路中电感的影响，从而缩短等效电气距离，提高系统的输电能力和电压稳定性；在重载输电线路中可以通过串联电抗器增大输电线路的等效电抗，从而将潮流转移至其他输电线路，解决输电线路重载乃至过载的问题。The series compensation device is an important device to increase the transmission capacity of the transmission system and improve the parameters of the transmission line: in the long-distance transmission line, the influence of the inductance in the transmission line can be offset by series capacitors, thereby shortening the equivalent electrical distance and improving the transmission capacity and voltage of the system Stability; in heavy-duty transmission lines, series reactors can be used to increase the equivalent reactance of transmission lines, so as to transfer the power flow to other transmission lines and solve the problem of heavy-duty or even overloaded transmission lines.
通过串联电容器或串联电抗器进行线路补偿的方法称为固定串补，其具有控制简单，经济性好的特点，但是该方法的补偿容量不能灵活调节，参数的不匹配可能引起系统振荡。常规可控串联补偿器主要由电抗器、电容器和半控开关器件组成，可以实现串入容抗的控制，但存在绝缘要求高、响应速度不够快、造价高的问题。目前采用全控器件构成的同步电压源控制器主要包括统一潮流控制器(Unified Power Flow Controller，UPFC)和静止同步串联补偿器(Static Synchronous Series Compensator，SSSC)。The method of line compensation through series capacitors or series reactors is called fixed series compensation, which has the characteristics of simple control and good economy, but the compensation capacity of this method cannot be adjusted flexibly, and the mismatch of parameters may cause system oscillation. Conventional controllable series compensators are mainly composed of reactors, capacitors and semi-controlled switching devices, which can realize the control of series-connected capacitive reactance, but have the problems of high insulation requirements, insufficient response speed, and high cost. Currently, synchronous voltage source controllers composed of fully controlled devices mainly include Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC).
统一潮流控制器和静止同步串联补偿器的工作原理为：The working principle of unified power flow controller and static synchronous series compensator is:
应用于输电系统时由于线路电流等级比较高，UPFC的串联侧或者SSSC装置通常是通过串联变压器接入到系统中：UPFC的串联侧或者SSSC等效为一同步交流电源，当注入的可控电压与线路电抗上的压降相位相反或相同，可起到类似串联电容或电感的作用，具体为：When applied to power transmission systems, due to the relatively high line current level, the series side of UPFC or SSSC device is usually connected to the system through a series transformer: the series side of UPFC or SSSC is equivalent to a synchronous AC power supply, when the injected controllable voltage Opposite or in the same phase as the voltage drop on the line reactance, it can act like a series capacitor or inductance, specifically:
图1为补偿电压和补偿电流的关系示意图，如图所示，当UPFC的串联侧或者SSSC感性补偿时，随着注入电压幅值增加，装置等效电抗增大，线路有功功率随之减小：当换流器感性补偿量小时换流器的注入电压为最低值Umin，而通过换流器的电流为最大值Imax；当换流器感性补偿量大时换流器的注入电压为最大值Umax，而通过换流器的电流为最小值Imin。综上在设计换流器容量时需要同时满足换流器的注入电压和流过换流器的电流，即换流器的最大容量需满足S＝UmaxImax，继而导致造价增高，不利于于大规模电网的建设和改造。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between compensation voltage and compensation current. As shown in the figure, when the series side of UPFC or SSSC is inductively compensated, as the amplitude of the injected voltage increases, the equivalent reactance of the device increases, and the active power of the line decreases accordingly. : When the inductive compensation of the converter is small, the injected voltage of the converter is the minimum value U min , and the current through the converter is the maximum value I max ; when the inductive compensation of the converter is large, the injected voltage of the converter is The maximum value U max , while the current through the converter is the minimum value I min . In summary, when designing the capacity of the converter, it is necessary to satisfy both the injected voltage of the converter and the current flowing through the converter, that is, the maximum capacity of the converter must satisfy S=U max I max , which in turn leads to an increase in cost, which is not conducive to for the construction and transformation of large-scale power grids.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供了一种串联补偿装置及其容量优化方法。In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a series compensation device and a capacity optimization method thereof.
第一方面，本发明中串联补偿装置的技术方案是：In the first aspect, the technical solution of the series compensation device in the present invention is:
所述装置包括耦合变压器和换流器；The device includes a coupling transformer and a converter;
所述耦合变压器的一次侧绕组串联接入待补偿线路中，二次侧绕组与所述换流器并联；The primary side winding of the coupling transformer is connected in series to the line to be compensated, and the secondary side winding is connected in parallel with the converter;
所述一次侧绕组和/或二次侧绕组上设有多个分接头，用于改变所述耦合变压器的电压变比。The primary side winding and/or the secondary side winding are provided with a plurality of taps for changing the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述一次侧绕组和/或二次侧绕组上设有有载分接开关；An on-load tap changer is provided on the primary side winding and/or the secondary side winding;
所述有载分接开关，用于在不断电条件下调接所述分接头，改变所述耦合变压器的电压变比。The on-load tap changer is used to adjust and connect the tap under the condition of uninterrupted power supply, so as to change the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述分接头具体用于当所述串联补偿装置进行感性补偿时的等效阻抗值增大时，增大电压变比；当所述等效阻抗值减小时，减小所述电压变比。The tap is specifically used for increasing the voltage transformation ratio when the equivalent impedance value of the series compensation device for inductive compensation increases; and decreasing the voltage transformation ratio when the equivalent impedance value decreases.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述换流器为电压源换流器。The converter is a voltage source converter.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述装置进一步包括：隔离开关、用于测量电流和/或电压的设备，和/或，用于保护所述耦合变压器和/或所述换流器的设备。The device further comprises: an isolating switch, a device for measuring current and/or voltage, and/or a device for protecting the coupling transformer and/or the converter.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述用于保护所述耦合变压器和/或所述换流器的设备具体为保护间隙或避雷器。The device for protecting the coupling transformer and/or the converter is specifically a protection gap or a lightning arrester.
第二方面，本发明中串联补偿装置的容量优化方法的技术方案是：In the second aspect, the technical solution of the capacity optimization method of the series compensation device in the present invention is:
所述装置包括耦合变压器和换流器；所述耦合变压器的一次侧绕组串联接入待补偿线路中，二次侧绕组与所述换流器并联；所述一次侧绕组和/或二次侧绕组上分别设置多个分接头；The device includes a coupling transformer and a converter; the primary side winding of the coupling transformer is connected in series to the line to be compensated, and the secondary side winding is connected in parallel with the converter; the primary side winding and/or the secondary side A plurality of taps are respectively arranged on the winding;
所述容量优化方法包括：The capacity optimization method includes:
获取所述串联补偿装置对所述待补偿线路进行感性补偿时的等效阻抗值；Obtaining an equivalent impedance value when the series compensation device performs inductive compensation on the line to be compensated;
依据所述等效阻抗值调节所述耦合变压器的电压变比。The voltage ratio of the coupling transformer is adjusted according to the equivalent impedance value.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述依据等效阻抗值调节耦合变压器的电压变比包括：Said adjusting the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer according to the equivalent impedance value includes:
当所述等效阻抗值增大时，增大所述电压变比；When the equivalent impedance value increases, increasing the voltage transformation ratio;
当所述等效阻抗值减小时，减小所述电压变比。When the equivalent impedance value decreases, the voltage transformation ratio is decreased.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述电压变比k如下式(1)所示：The voltage transformation ratio k is shown in the following formula (1):
其中，U网侧和U阀侧为分别所述耦合变压器的一次侧电压值和二次侧电压值。Wherein, the U grid side and the U valve side are respectively the primary side voltage value and the secondary side voltage value of the coupling transformer.
本发明进一步提供的优选实施方案为：The preferred embodiment further provided by the present invention is:
所述电压变比的调节原则如下式(2)所示：The adjustment principle of the voltage transformation ratio is shown in the following formula (2):
S1＝S2 (2)S 1 =S 2 (2)
其中，S1和S2分别为所述等效阻抗值变化前后的换流器容量；Wherein, S 1 and S 2 are respectively the converter capacity before and after the change of the equivalent impedance value;
所述等效阻抗值变换前的换流器容量如下式(3)所示：The converter capacity before the conversion of the equivalent impedance value is shown in the following formula (3):
S1＝U1I1 (3)S 1 =U 1 I 1 (3)
其中，U1为等效阻抗值变化前所述换流器的端电压，I1为等效阻抗值变化前流过所述换流器的电流；Wherein, U1 is the terminal voltage of the converter before the equivalent impedance value changes, and I1 is the current flowing through the converter before the equivalent impedance value changes;
所述等效阻抗值变化后的换流器容量如下式(4)所示：The capacity of the converter after the change of the equivalent impedance value is shown in the following formula (4):
S2＝U2I2 (4)S 2 =U 2 I 2 (4)
其中，U2为等效阻抗值变化后所述换流器的端电压，I2为等效阻抗值变化后流过所述换流器的电流。Wherein, U 2 is the terminal voltage of the converter after the equivalent impedance value changes, and I 2 is the current flowing through the converter after the equivalent impedance value changes.
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the closest prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明提供的一种串联补偿装置，可以安装在输电线路或配电线路中，在感性补偿阻抗发生变化后可以通过调接分接头，改变耦合变压器的电压变比改变换流器的端电压，使得换流器的容量在串联补偿装置输出的感性补偿阻抗发生改变前后均维持恒定；1. A series compensation device provided by the present invention can be installed in the transmission line or distribution line. After the inductive compensation impedance changes, the tap can be adjusted to change the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer to change the terminal of the converter. Voltage, so that the capacity of the converter remains constant before and after the inductive compensation impedance output by the series compensation device changes;
2、本发明提供的一种串联补偿装置的容量优化方法，通过动态调节耦合变压器的电压变比，可以防止换流器的端电压最大值和流过换流器的电流最大值同时出现，保持换流器容量一直维持在恒定状态，节省了换流器的容量，进而降低了串联补偿装置的制造成本。2. The method for optimizing the capacity of a series compensation device provided by the present invention can prevent the maximum value of the terminal voltage of the converter and the maximum value of the current flowing through the converter from appearing at the same time by dynamically adjusting the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer. The capacity of the converter is maintained at a constant state, which saves the capacity of the converter, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the series compensation device.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：补偿电压和补偿电流的关系示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the relationship between compensation voltage and compensation current;
图2：本实施例中一种串联补偿装置拓扑示意图；Figure 2: A schematic diagram of the topology of a series compensation device in this embodiment;
图3：本发明实施例中耦合变压器的电压变比与感性补偿电流的关系示意图；Figure 3: A schematic diagram of the relationship between the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer and the inductive compensation current in the embodiment of the present invention;
其中，11：第一系统；12：第二系统；13：输电线路；21：耦合变压器；22：换流器。Among them, 11: first system; 12: second system; 13: transmission line; 21: coupling transformer; 22: converter.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地说明，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合附图，对本发明实施例提供的一种串联补偿装置进行说明。A series compensation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图2为本实施例中一种串联补偿装置拓扑结构示意图，如图所示，本实施例中串联补偿装置安装在第一系统11和第二系统12之间，主要包括耦合变压器21和换流器22。其中，Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the topology of a series compensation device in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the series compensation device in this embodiment is installed between the first system 11 and the second system 12, mainly including a coupling transformer 21 and a converter Device 22. in,
耦合变压器21的一次侧绕组串联接入待补偿线路13中，二次侧绕组与换流器22并联。一次侧绕组和/或二次侧绕组上设置多个分接头，用于改变耦合变压器的电压变比。本实施例中分接头具体用于当串联补偿装置进行感性补偿时的等效阻抗值增大时，增大电压变比；当所述等效阻抗值减小时，减小所述电压变比。同时，换流器22可以采用电压源换流器。The primary side winding of the coupling transformer 21 is connected in series to the line 13 to be compensated, and the secondary side winding is connected in parallel with the converter 22 . A plurality of taps are arranged on the primary side winding and/or the secondary side winding to change the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer. The tap in this embodiment is specifically used to increase the voltage transformation ratio when the equivalent impedance value of the series compensation device for inductive compensation increases; and to decrease the voltage transformation ratio when the equivalent impedance value decreases. Meanwhile, the converter 22 may adopt a voltage source converter.
本实施例中串联补偿装置可以安装在输电线路或配电线路中，在感性补偿阻抗发生变化后可以通过调接分接头，改变耦合变压器的电压变比改变换流器的端电压，使得换流器的容量在串联补偿装置输出的感性补偿阻抗发生改变前后均维持恒定。In this embodiment, the series compensation device can be installed in the transmission line or distribution line. After the inductive compensation impedance changes, the tap can be adjusted to change the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer to change the terminal voltage of the converter, so that the commutation The capacity of the device remains constant before and after the inductive compensation impedance output by the series compensation device changes.
进一步地，本实施例中串联补偿装置还包括下述结构。Further, the series compensation device in this embodiment also includes the following structure.
本实施例中串联补偿装置还包括有载分接开关，该有载分接开关可以设置在一次侧绕组上，也可以设置在二次侧绕组上，用于调接一次侧绕组的分接头或二次绕组的分接头，改变耦合变压器的电压变比。In this embodiment, the series compensation device also includes an on-load tap changer, which can be set on the primary side winding or on the secondary side winding, and is used to adjust the taps or taps of the primary side winding. The tap of the secondary winding changes the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer.
本实施例中通过配置有载分接开关，可以实现耦合变压器在不断电正常运行的条件下改变电压变比，从而保证串联补偿装置可靠运行，提高系统的稳定性。In this embodiment, by configuring the on-load tap changer, the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer can be changed under the condition of uninterrupted normal operation, so as to ensure the reliable operation of the series compensation device and improve the stability of the system.
进一步地，本实施例中串联补偿装置还可以包括下述结构。Further, the series compensation device in this embodiment may also include the following structure.
本实施例中串联补偿装置应用于不同的输电线路或配电线路时，可以依据实际线路连接方式增加相应的隔离开关、用于测量电流和/或电压的设备，和/或，用于保护所述耦合变压器和/或所述换流器的设备。其中，用于保护耦合变压器和/或换流器的设备具体为保护间隙或避雷器。When the series compensation device in this embodiment is applied to different transmission lines or distribution lines, corresponding isolating switches, equipment for measuring current and/or voltage, and/or devices for measuring current and/or voltage, and/or for protecting all equipment for the coupling transformer and/or the converter. Wherein, the equipment used to protect the coupling transformer and/or the converter is specifically a protection gap or a lightning arrester.
下面结合附图，对本发明实施例提供的一种串联补偿装置的容量优化方法进行说明。A method for optimizing the capacity of a series compensation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本实施例中串联补偿装置包括耦合变压器21和换流器22，其中耦合变压器21的一次侧绕组串联接入待补偿线路中，二次侧绕组与换流器22并联。同时，本实施例中容量优化方法适用于工作于感性补偿状态下的串联补偿装置，具体可以按照下述步骤实施。The series compensation device in this embodiment includes a coupling transformer 21 and a converter 22 , wherein the primary side winding of the coupling transformer 21 is connected in series to the line to be compensated, and the secondary side winding is connected in parallel with the converter 22 . At the same time, the capacity optimization method in this embodiment is applicable to the series compensation device working in the inductive compensation state, and can be specifically implemented according to the following steps.
1、获取串联补偿装置进行感性补偿时的等效阻抗值。1. Obtain the equivalent impedance value when the series compensation device performs inductive compensation.
2、依据等效阻抗值调节耦合变压器的电压变比。2. Adjust the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer according to the equivalent impedance value.
本实施例中电压变比如下式(1)所示：In this embodiment, the voltage conversion ratio is shown in the following formula (1):
其中，U网侧和U阀侧为分别耦合变压器的一次侧电压值和二次侧电压值。Wherein, the U grid side and the U valve side are respectively the primary side voltage value and the secondary side voltage value of the coupling transformer.
图3为本发明实施例中耦合变压器的电压变比与感性补偿电流的关系示意图，如图所示，本实施例中耦合变压器的电压变比与感性补偿电流呈负相关关系，具体为：当等效阻抗值增大时换流器两端电压增大，此时调节电压变比增大，使得换流器的端电压减小，进而可以控制等效阻抗值发生改变前后的换流器容量维持恒定；当等效阻抗值减小时流过换流器的电流增大，此时调节电压变比减小，使流过换流器的电流减小，进而可以控制等效阻抗值发生改变前后的换流器容量维持恒定。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer and the inductive compensation current in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the voltage ratio of the coupling transformer in this embodiment and the inductive compensation current have a negative correlation, specifically: when When the equivalent impedance value increases, the voltage at both ends of the converter increases. At this time, the adjustment voltage ratio increases, so that the terminal voltage of the converter decreases, and then the capacity of the converter before and after the equivalent impedance value changes can be controlled. Keep constant; when the equivalent impedance value decreases, the current flowing through the converter increases, at this time, the adjustment voltage ratio decreases, so that the current flowing through the converter decreases, and then the equivalent impedance value can be controlled before and after the change The converter capacity remains constant.
本实施例中调节耦合变压器的电压变比的调节原则如下式(2)所示：In this embodiment, the adjustment principle for adjusting the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer is shown in the following formula (2):
S1＝S2 (2)S 1 =S 2 (2)
其中，S1和S2分别为等效阻抗值变化前后的换流器容量。Among them, S 1 and S 2 are the converter capacity before and after the change of equivalent impedance value respectively.
等效阻抗值变化前的换流器容量如下式(3)所示：The capacity of the converter before the equivalent impedance value changes is shown in the following formula (3):
S1＝U1I1 (3)S 1 =U 1 I 1 (3)
其中，U1为等效阻抗值变化之前换流器的端电压，I1为等效阻抗值变化之前流过换流器的电流。Wherein, U 1 is the terminal voltage of the converter before the equivalent impedance value changes, and I 1 is the current flowing through the converter before the equivalent impedance value changes.
等效阻抗值变化后的换流器容量如下式(4)所示：The capacity of the converter after changing the equivalent impedance value is shown in the following formula (4):
S2＝U2I2 (4)S 2 =U 2 I 2 (4)
其中，U2为等效阻抗值变化之后换流器的端电压，I2为等效阻抗值变化之后流过换流器的电流。Wherein, U 2 is the terminal voltage of the converter after the equivalent impedance value changes, and I 2 is the current flowing through the converter after the equivalent impedance value changes.
本实施例中通过动态调节耦合变压器的电压变比，可以防止换流器的端电压最大值和流过换流器的电流最大值同时出现，保持换流器容量一直维持在恒定状态，节省了换流器的容量，进而降低了串联补偿装置的制造成本。In this embodiment, by dynamically adjusting the voltage transformation ratio of the coupling transformer, the maximum value of the terminal voltage of the converter and the maximum value of the current flowing through the converter can be prevented from appearing at the same time, and the capacity of the converter can be kept at a constant state, saving The capacity of the converter, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the series compensation device.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
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