CN106772550A - Fibre-optical bending disappears die device, method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于核物理探测领域。本发明为中子闪烁体位敏探测器标定系统中光学传输的光纤消模装置，特别是涉及对输出强度要求稳定的场景，可以让激光光源在多模光纤传输过程中，其大部分高次模的成分得到足够的衰减，确保光纤在移动过程中输出的光功率稳定。The invention belongs to the field of nuclear physics detection. The invention is an optical fiber mode elimination device for optical transmission in a neutron scintillator position-sensitive detector calibration system, especially related to the scene where the output intensity is required to be stable, so that most of the high-order modes of the laser light source can The components of the optical fiber are sufficiently attenuated to ensure that the output optical power of the fiber is stable during the movement.
背景技术Background technique
大面积成像型闪烁体中子探测器尽管种类繁多，但基本原理均为类似，通过荧光激发和光电转换实现对粒子的探测。中子闪烁体位敏探测器主要有闪烁屏、波移光纤、光电倍增管等组成，参杂物质的闪烁体吸收波长接近405，中子与闪烁体产生核反应，反应产生的和粒子在ZnS闪烁体中激发光电效应，产生的光子会在闪烁体介质层中部分出射并进入夹层中的波移光纤，随后转换为较长波长的光子，由光纤传输到多阳极光电倍增管的某个通道，光子经光电转换后产生电脉冲信号并获得放大增益，各个读出通道上的响应信号最终由数据获取系统记录，给出中子事例的位置和时间等信息，完成中子的探测。Although there are many types of large-area imaging scintillator neutron detectors, the basic principles are similar, and the detection of particles is realized through fluorescence excitation and photoelectric conversion. The neutron scintillator position-sensitive detector is mainly composed of scintillation screen, wave-shifting optical fiber, photomultiplier tube, etc. The scintillator absorption wavelength of the impurity material is close to 405, and the neutron and scintillator produce a nuclear reaction, and the reaction produced and particles in the ZnS scintillator The photoelectric effect is excited in the medium, and the generated photons will partially exit in the scintillator dielectric layer and enter the wave-shifting optical fiber in the interlayer, and then convert into longer-wavelength photons, which are transmitted by the optical fiber to a certain channel of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube. After the photoelectric conversion, the electric pulse signal is generated and the amplification gain is obtained. The response signal on each readout channel is finally recorded by the data acquisition system, which gives information such as the position and time of the neutron event, and completes the neutron detection.
针对闪烁体探测器的原理，标定平台采用光电检测的方式，实现荧光的激发替换。具体则以激光或LED等可调制器件作为光源，经过一系列调节后，由光纤馈送到准直器件，最终投射到待测的光纤阵列或光电倍增管入射窗。标定过程中需要对输出的信号幅度进行归一化对比，要求输入的光强必须是经过量化监测并且稳定的。According to the principle of scintillator detector, the calibration platform adopts photoelectric detection to realize the excitation and replacement of fluorescence. Specifically, a modulatable device such as a laser or LED is used as the light source. After a series of adjustments, the optical fiber is fed to the collimation device, and finally projected to the optical fiber array or the incident window of the photomultiplier tube to be tested. During the calibration process, the output signal amplitude needs to be normalized and compared, and the input light intensity must be quantitatively monitored and stable.
该装置用于模拟光源的恒定输出，进而测试闪烁体探测器的光纤阵列和光电倍增管增益。按照光纤传输理论，每种传输模式对应一个衰减半径，小于此半径的曲率下衰减系数将迅速增大。鉴于多模光纤中各个传输模式的映射比例难以确定，多模光纤在各种弯曲半径下的整体衰减往往是非线性的。对于稳定性要求较高的场合，通常会应用单模光纤，并给出最小弯转半径的限制来保障模拟信号的传输。The device is used to simulate the constant output of the light source, and then test the fiber array and photomultiplier tube gain of the scintillator detector. According to the optical fiber transmission theory, each transmission mode corresponds to an attenuation radius, and the attenuation coefficient will increase rapidly when the curvature is smaller than this radius. Since the mapping ratio of each transmission mode in multimode fiber is difficult to determine, the overall attenuation of multimode fiber under various bending radii is often nonlinear. For occasions with high stability requirements, single-mode fiber is usually used, and the minimum bending radius is limited to ensure the transmission of analog signals.
单模光纤的内径限制在传输波长的范围，不但制造困难成本高，而且不利于传输功率，并且对光源也有匹配的限制。一旦为了传输更高功率扩大内芯径，或者在不同的测量场合下更换传输光源，波长发生变化，就会导致高次模的引入，破坏原有的稳定保障。另外，在某些特别的弯曲半径上，还存在独特的传输模，对应模式的衰减系数会急剧减小。上述两种来源导致了单模光纤传输模拟信号的局限，也是多模光纤无法保证恒量模拟信号稳定长距离传输的缘由。The inner diameter of single-mode fiber is limited to the transmission wavelength range, which is not only difficult to manufacture and high in cost, but also not conducive to power transmission, and there are also restrictions on matching the light source. Once the inner core diameter is expanded to transmit higher power, or the transmission light source is replaced in different measurement occasions, the wavelength will change, which will lead to the introduction of high-order modes and destroy the original stability guarantee. In addition, on some special bending radii, there are unique transmission modes, and the attenuation coefficient of the corresponding mode will decrease sharply. The above two sources lead to the limitations of single-mode optical fiber transmission of analog signals, and are also the reason why multi-mode optical fibers cannot guarantee stable long-distance transmission of constant analog signals.
再者，为了对光电倍增管各个通道进行标定，需将输出光纤固定在机械平台上，对整个波移光纤平面进行扫描，这样在扫描运动过程中，造成光纤弯曲，导致不同位置光输出功率不一致，失去标定的意义。故在测量闪烁体位敏核探测器时往往需要额外的其他探测器辅助测量位置等参照信息。Furthermore, in order to calibrate each channel of the photomultiplier tube, the output optical fiber needs to be fixed on a mechanical platform, and the entire wave-shifting optical fiber plane is scanned. In this way, during the scanning movement, the optical fiber is bent, resulting in inconsistent optical output power at different positions. , losing the meaning of calibration. Therefore, when measuring scintillator position-sensitive nuclear detectors, additional reference information such as other detectors to assist in measuring positions is often required.
故急需一种可解决上述问题的光纤消模方法及装置。Therefore, there is an urgent need for an optical fiber mode elimination method and device that can solve the above-mentioned problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种光纤弯曲消模装置及方法，以多模光纤作为传输介质，按照两种不同的半径对其进行预先盘绕，使用小半径盘绕部分将耦合进入光纤的高次模成分进行有效的衰减，过滤出对大半径弯曲不敏感的低次模，使用另一个较大半径的大半径盘绕部分消除上一环节可能激发的弯曲传输模。两者配合下，最终实现多模光纤对高次模的抑制和稳定输出，并使得在不同位置光输出功率始终保持一致。The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for optical fiber bending mode elimination. Multimode optical fiber is used as the transmission medium, and it is pre-coiled according to two different radii. Effective attenuation is performed to filter out low-order modes that are not sensitive to large-radius bending, and another large-radius coiled part with a larger radius is used to eliminate the bending transmission mode that may be excited by the previous link. With the cooperation of the two, the suppression of high-order modes and stable output of the multimode fiber are finally realized, and the optical output power at different positions is always consistent.
为了实现上有目的，本发明公开了一种光纤弯曲消模装置，包括环形的内盘绕模具、以一定间距环绕于所述内盘绕模具上的外盘绕模具和多模光纤，所述外盘绕模具上开设有通孔，所述多模光纤缠绕于所述内盘绕模具后穿过所述通孔缠绕于所述外盘绕模具上，以使所述多模光纤形成缠绕于所述内盘绕模具上的小半径盘绕部分和缠绕于所述外盘绕模具的大半径盘绕部分。In order to realize the purpose, the present invention discloses an optical fiber bending mold elimination device, which includes an annular inner coiled mold, an outer coiled mold surrounding the inner coiled mold at a certain distance, and a multimode optical fiber. The outer coiled mold A through hole is opened on the top, and the multimode optical fiber is wound on the inner coiling mold and then wound on the outer coiling mold through the through hole, so that the multimode optical fiber is formed and wound on the inner coiling mold The small-radius coiled portion and the large-radius coiled portion wound on the outer coiled mould.
与现有技术相比，本发明使用双曲率盘绕的方法，以多模光纤作为传输介质，按照两种不同的半径对其进行预先盘绕。由于高次模的衰减半径大于基模，小半径盘绕部分可以提前将耦合进入光纤的高次模成分进行有效的衰减，过滤出对大半径弯曲不敏感的低次模。另一个较大半径的大半径盘绕部分消除上一环节可能激发的弯曲传输模。两者配合下，最终实现多模光纤对高次模的抑制和稳定输出。再者，本发明使得经过消模处理后的光信号，光纤随机械平台对整个波移光纤平面扫描过程中，即使在不同位置造成光纤弯曲，光输出功率始终保持一致，使得在测量闪烁体位敏核探测器时不需要额外的其他探测器辅助测量位置等参照信息。Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses a double-curvature coiling method, uses multimode optical fiber as a transmission medium, and pre-coils it according to two different radii. Since the attenuation radius of the high-order mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode, the small-radius coiled part can effectively attenuate the high-order mode components coupled into the fiber in advance, and filter out the low-order modes that are not sensitive to large-radius bending. Another large-radius coiled section with a larger radius eliminates the bending transport modes that may be excited by the previous link. With the cooperation of the two, the suppression of high-order modes and stable output of multimode fibers are finally realized. Furthermore, the present invention makes the optical signal after the mode elimination process, the optical fiber scan the whole wave-shifting optical fiber plane with the mechanical platform, even if the optical fiber is bent at different positions, the optical output power is always consistent, so that when measuring the scintillation body position sensitive When nuclear detectors are used, no additional other detectors are required to assist in measuring position and other reference information.
较佳地，所述光纤弯曲消模装置还包括设于所述内盘绕模具内的中心圆柱和固定所述中心圆柱、内盘绕模具和外盘绕模具的底座。Preferably, the optical fiber bending mode elimination device further includes a central cylinder arranged in the inner coiling mold and a base for fixing the central cylinder, the inner coiling mold and the outer coiling mold.
较佳地，所述光纤弯曲消模装置还包括形成于所述外盘绕模具外侧的多个光纤固定条。Preferably, the optical fiber bending mode elimination device further includes a plurality of optical fiber fixing strips formed outside the outer coiled mold.
较佳地，所述多模光纤的一端接一光学模块，另一端接一准直器，所述光学模块将光信号进行衰减、偏振、扩束处理后输送至所述多模光纤，所述多模光纤将光信号消模处理后输送至所述光纤准直器，所述光纤准直器将所述光信号进行准直处理后输出。光信号由脉冲激光器提供，由于实际中子探测时，闪烁体俘获的光子数只有8000到12000之间，功率很低，所以激光器的输出功率必须经过衰减、偏振、扩束、准直等处理，将激光功率衰减大约4个数量级并准确定位在期望照射位置上。Preferably, one end of the multimode fiber is connected to an optical module, and the other end is connected to a collimator, and the optical module transmits the optical signal to the multimode fiber after attenuation, polarization, and beam expansion processing, and the The multimode optical fiber sends the optical signal to the optical fiber collimator after mode elimination processing, and the optical fiber collimator outputs the optical signal after collimating processing. The optical signal is provided by a pulsed laser. Since the number of photons captured by the scintillator is only between 8,000 and 12,000 during actual neutron detection, the power is very low, so the output power of the laser must be processed by attenuation, polarization, beam expansion, and collimation. Attenuate the laser power by about 4 orders of magnitude and accurately position it on the desired irradiation position.
其中，所述光纤弯曲消模装置可用于中子闪烁体位敏探测器标定系统用的光纤传输。Wherein, the optical fiber bending mode elimination device can be used for optical fiber transmission for a neutron scintillator position-sensitive detector calibration system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述光纤弯曲消模装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the optical fiber bending mode elimination device of the present invention.
图2是本发明所述光纤弯曲消模装置另一角度的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another angle of the optical fiber bending mode elimination device of the present invention.
图3是本发明所述中光纤弯曲消模装置另一实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the optical fiber bending mode elimination device according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合实施方式并配合附图详予说明。In order to describe the technical content, structural features, achieved goals and effects of the present invention in detail, the following will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
参考图1和图2，本发明公开了一种光纤弯曲消模装置100，包括环形的内盘绕模具11、以一定间距环绕于所述内盘绕模具11上的外盘绕模具12和多模光纤15，所述外盘绕模具12上开设有通孔13，所述多模光纤15一部分缠绕于所述内盘绕模具11后另一部分穿过所述通孔13缠绕于所述外盘绕模具12上，以使所述多模光纤15形成缠绕于所述内盘绕模具11上的小半径盘绕部分和缠绕于所述外盘绕模具12的大半径盘绕部分。其中，由于光纤的纤芯直径很小，激光光束的光强分布在小尺度范围内存在精细起伏，外界震动引起的轻微摇晃很可能会引起馈送到光纤中的光成分不稳定，本实施例中采用芯径/外径为62.5μm/125μm的多模光纤。由于高次模的衰减半径大于基模，小半径盘绕部分可以提前将耦合进入光纤的高次模成分进行有效的衰减，过滤出对大半径弯曲不敏感的低次模。另一个大半径盘绕部分消除上一环节可能激发的弯曲传输模。两者配合下，最终实现多模光纤15对高次模的抑制和稳定输出。多模光纤15经过盘绕后，较高次模衰减殆尽，输出的光强趋于稳定，无论后续如何放置多模光纤外段部分，输出光强几乎没有变化。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the present invention discloses an optical fiber bending mode elimination device 100, comprising an annular inner coiled mold 11, an outer coiled mold 12 surrounding the inner coiled mold 11 at a certain distance, and a multimode optical fiber 15 , the outer coiling mold 12 is provided with a through hole 13, a part of the multimode optical fiber 15 is wound on the inner coiling mold 11 and the other part is wound on the outer coiling mold 12 through the through hole 13, so as to The multimode optical fiber 15 is formed into a small-radius coiled portion wound on the inner coiled mold 11 and a large-radius coiled portion wound on the outer coiled mold 12 . Among them, since the core diameter of the optical fiber is very small, the light intensity distribution of the laser beam has fine fluctuations in a small-scale range, and the slight shaking caused by external shocks is likely to cause the instability of the light component fed into the optical fiber. In this embodiment A multimode optical fiber with a core diameter/outer diameter of 62.5 μm/125 μm is used. Since the attenuation radius of the high-order mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode, the small-radius coiled part can effectively attenuate the high-order mode components coupled into the fiber in advance, and filter out the low-order modes that are not sensitive to large-radius bending. Another large-radius coiled section eliminates the bending transport modes that might have been excited by the previous link. With the cooperation of the two, the suppression and stable output of the multimode optical fiber 15 on high-order modes are finally realized. After the multimode fiber 15 is coiled, the higher order modes are completely attenuated, and the output light intensity tends to be stable. No matter how the outer section of the multimode fiber is subsequently placed, the output light intensity hardly changes.
其中，本具体实施方式中内盘绕模具11直径为82.5mm，多模光纤15盘绕7圈；外盘绕模具12直径为97.5mm，多模光纤15盘绕6圈。Among them, in this specific embodiment, the diameter of the inner coiling mold 11 is 82.5 mm, and the multimode fiber 15 is coiled 7 times; the diameter of the outer coiling mold 12 is 97.5 mm, and the multimode fiber 15 is coiled 6 times.
继续参考图1和图2，所述多模光纤弯曲消模装置100还包括设于所述内盘绕模具11内的中心圆柱10和固定所述中心圆柱10、内盘绕模具11和外盘绕模具12的底座17。Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the multimode optical fiber bending mode elimination device 100 also includes a central cylinder 10 disposed in the inner coiling mold 11 and fixing the central cylinder 10, the inner coiling mold 11 and the outer coiling mold 12 base 17.
参考图1，所述光纤弯曲消模装置100还包括形成于所述外盘绕模具12外侧的多个光纤固定条14。Referring to FIG. 1 , the optical fiber bending mode elimination device 100 further includes a plurality of optical fiber fixing strips 14 formed outside the outer winding mold 12 .
参考图3，所述多模光纤15的一端接一光学模块18，另一端接一准直器16，所述光学模块18将光信号进行衰减、偏振、扩束处理后输送至所述多模光纤15，所述多模光纤15将光信号消模处理后输送至所述光纤准直器16，所述光纤准直器16将所述光信号进行准直处理后输出。由于实际中子探测时，闪烁体俘获的光子数只有8000到12000之间，功率很低，所以激光器的输出功率必须经过衰减、偏振、扩束、准直等处理，将激光功率衰减大约4个数量级并准确定位在期望照射位置上。With reference to Fig. 3, one end of described multimode optical fiber 15 is connected with an optical module 18, and the other end is connected with a collimator 16, and described optical module 18 carries out attenuation, polarization, beam expansion to the optical signal and then delivers it to the multimode optical fiber. An optical fiber 15 , the multimode optical fiber 15 sends the optical signal to the optical fiber collimator 16 after mode elimination processing, and the optical fiber collimator 16 outputs the optical signal after collimating processing. Since the number of photons captured by the scintillator is only between 8,000 and 12,000 during actual neutron detection, the power is very low, so the output power of the laser must be attenuated, polarized, beam expanded, and collimated to attenuate the laser power by about 4 Order of magnitude and accurately positioned on the desired irradiation position.
综上，本发明将一多模光纤15分为相连的前半部分和后半部分，将所述多模光纤15的前半部分弯曲缠绕形成一环形的第一盘绕部分，将所述多模光纤15的后半部分弯曲缠绕形成一环形的第二盘绕部分，所述第二盘绕部分的半径大于所述第一盘绕部分的半径，以使所述第二盘绕部分为大半径盘绕部分，所述第一盘绕部分为小半径盘绕部分，光信号耦合进所述多模光纤15后依次经过所述小半径盘绕部分和大半径盘绕部分进行消模处理。In summary, the present invention divides a multimode optical fiber 15 into a connected first half and a second half, bends and winds the first half of the multimode optical fiber 15 to form a ring-shaped first coiled part, and divides the multimode optical fiber 15 The second half of the coil is bent and wound to form an annular second coiled portion, the radius of the second coiled portion is greater than the radius of the first coiled portion, so that the second coiled portion is a large radius coiled portion, and the first coiled portion A coiled part is a small-radius coiled part, after the optical signal is coupled into the multimode optical fiber 15, it passes through the small-radius coiled part and the large-radius coiled part successively for mode elimination processing.
其中，将所述光信号进行弯曲消模的具体步骤为：光信号耦合进所述多模光纤15后，经所述小半径盘绕部分衰减所述光信号中的高次模成分并激发弯曲传输模后输送至大半径盘绕部分，在经过所述大半径盘绕部分过滤所述弯曲传输模以形成弯曲消模后的光信号。Wherein, the specific steps of bending and mode-eliminating the optical signal are as follows: After the optical signal is coupled into the multimode fiber 15, the high-order mode components in the optical signal are attenuated through the small-radius coiled part and stimulate bending transmission. The mode is then transported to the large-radius coiled part, and the curved transmission mode is filtered through the large-radius coiled part to form an optical signal after the curved mode is eliminated.
其中，将所述光信号耦合进所述多模光纤15之前还包括，对激光器输出的光信号进行衰减、偏振、扩束。将所述光信号经过所述多模光纤15消模处理后还对光信号进行准直处理。Wherein, before coupling the optical signal into the multimode optical fiber 15, it also includes attenuating, polarizing, and expanding the optical signal output by the laser. After the optical signal is subjected to mode elimination processing by the multimode optical fiber 15, the optical signal is also collimated.
较佳者，所述第二盘绕部分以一定间距弯曲环绕于所述第一盘绕部分外。Preferably, the second coiled portion is bent around the first coiled portion at a certain interval.
本发明所述光纤弯曲消模装置配合光学模块能很好地调制出强度合适测量的光信号输出，并且能扩展实现诸如用于标定光电倍增管能量刻度的单光子输出的各种触发模式，无论是在大批量生产还是小型研发测试中都有灵活的适应性和广泛的应用前景。The optical fiber bending mode elimination device of the present invention cooperates with the optical module to well modulate the optical signal output with suitable intensity measurement, and can expand and realize various trigger modes such as single photon output for calibrating the energy scale of the photomultiplier tube, regardless of Whether it is in mass production or small-scale R&D testing, it has flexible adaptability and wide application prospects.
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明申请专利范围所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and of course it cannot limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the patent scope of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
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