CN106769843A - A kind of drilling leakage blockage material friction coefficient measuring method and device - Google Patents
A kind of drilling leakage blockage material friction coefficient measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及石油与天然气行业钻井完井过程中工作液漏失控制领域，本方法与装置可通过模拟地层高温和流体环境，快速高效测量堵漏材料表面摩擦系数，为钻井堵漏材料优选提供依据，属于石油与天然气勘探开发过程中，针对堵漏材料基础力学参数—摩擦系数测量的实验方法与装置。The invention relates to the field of working fluid loss control in the drilling and completion process of the oil and natural gas industry. The method and device can quickly and efficiently measure the surface friction coefficient of the plugging material by simulating the formation high temperature and fluid environment, and provide a basis for the optimization of the drilling plugging material. The invention belongs to the experimental method and device for measuring the basic mechanical parameter of the leakage plugging material—friction coefficient during the exploration and development of oil and natural gas.
背景技术Background technique
随着全球油气资源的勘探开发逐步走向深部、非常规和处于开发中后期的衰竭地层，井下复杂事故控制、安全高效钻井和储层保护都对工作液漏失控制提出了更高的要求。使用颗粒、纤维等堵漏材料封堵漏失通道，是储层段工作液漏失控制的主要方法，也是非储层段地层工作液漏失控制最常用的方法之一。As the exploration and development of global oil and gas resources gradually move towards deep, unconventional and depleted formations in the middle and late stages of development, complex downhole accident control, safe and efficient drilling and reservoir protection all put forward higher requirements for working fluid loss control. Plugging loss passages with plugging materials such as particles and fibers is the main method for controlling the loss of working fluid in reservoir intervals, and it is also one of the most commonly used methods for controlling the loss of working fluid in non-reservoir intervals.
堵漏材料表面摩擦系数对工作液漏失控制效果起着重要的影响，是堵漏材料选择的主要依据。因此，设计模拟地层高温与流体环境的堵漏材料表面摩擦系数测量装置，形成堵漏材料表面摩擦系数测量方法，对工作液漏失控制、安全高效钻井和储层保护有重要的意义。但目前堵漏材料摩擦系数测量方面尚存在以下不足：The surface friction coefficient of the plugging material plays an important role in the control effect of the working fluid loss, and is the main basis for the selection of the plugging material. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a device for measuring the surface friction coefficient of the plugging material that simulates the high temperature and fluid environment of the formation, and to form a measurement method for the surface friction coefficient of the plugging material, which is of great significance for the control of working fluid loss, safe and efficient drilling, and reservoir protection. However, there are still the following deficiencies in the measurement of friction coefficient of leakage plugging materials:
(1)不能模拟实际摩擦条件下的地层高温与流体环境；(1) The formation high temperature and fluid environment under actual friction conditions cannot be simulated;
(2)缺少测量堵漏材料表面摩擦系数的有效方法。(2) There is a lack of an effective method to measure the surface friction coefficient of the plugging material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对缺少堵漏材料摩擦系数有效测量方法，无法模拟井下高温流体环境的问题，本发明提供了一种高效测量堵漏材料摩擦系数的方法，并提供了一种可有效模拟地层条件的钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置。本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：Aiming at the lack of an effective measurement method for the friction coefficient of the plugging material and the inability to simulate the downhole high-temperature fluid environment, the present invention provides a method for efficiently measuring the friction coefficient of the plugging material, and provides a drilling plugging that can effectively simulate formation conditions Material friction coefficient measuring device. The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
首先将需要测试的堵漏材料放入恒温干燥箱，干燥处理后备用。然后制备堵漏材料摩擦板，采用黏结剂将干燥处理后的堵漏材料均匀粘在平板上，保证堵漏材料单层铺置，并将粘好的堵漏材料摩擦板放在干净玻璃板上轻压以保证表面平整。保证黏结剂不会渗到颗粒表面，不影响堵漏材料表面摩擦性质。堵漏材料摩擦板包括上下两个，下摩擦板制备好后固定在位于恒温液槽中的支架上，保持粘有堵漏材料一面朝上。上摩擦板称重后平放在下摩擦板最左端，砝码轻放在上摩擦板上中心位置并固定。接下来向恒温液槽内缓慢注入实际摩擦条件时对应的井下流体(钻井液、地层水、完井液等)，保证液面刚好没过摩擦接触面。给恒温液槽加温至实际摩擦条件对应的地层温度并保持恒定。最后将上摩擦板与牵引支架相连，控制其移动速率在(4.0—5.0)mm/min。当上摩擦板滑动至下摩擦板右边界时停止实验，保存数据。根据得到的摩擦力(Ff)数据，采用公式(1)计算摩擦系数。每组实验重复三次，取三次实验获得的摩擦系数平均值。First put the plugging material to be tested into a constant temperature drying oven, and dry it for later use. Then prepare the plugging material friction plate, use the adhesive to evenly stick the dried plugging material on the plate to ensure that the plugging material is laid in a single layer, and put the stuck plugging material friction plate on a clean glass plate Press lightly to ensure a smooth surface. Ensure that the binder will not seep to the surface of the particles, and will not affect the surface friction properties of the plugging material. The plugging material friction plate includes two upper and lower friction plates. After the lower friction plate is prepared, it is fixed on the bracket located in the constant temperature liquid tank, and the side stuck with the plugging material is kept facing up. After the upper friction plate is weighed, it is placed flat on the leftmost end of the lower friction plate, and the weight is lightly placed on the center of the upper friction plate and fixed. Next, slowly inject the downhole fluid (drilling fluid, formation water, completion fluid, etc.) corresponding to the actual friction conditions into the constant temperature liquid tank to ensure that the liquid level is just below the frictional contact surface. Heat the constant temperature liquid tank to the formation temperature corresponding to the actual friction conditions and keep it constant. Finally, connect the upper friction plate with the traction bracket, and control its moving speed at (4.0—5.0) mm/min. When the upper friction plate slides to the right boundary of the lower friction plate, stop the experiment and save the data. According to the obtained friction force (F f ) data, formula (1) is used to calculate the friction coefficient. Each group of experiments was repeated three times, and the average value of the friction coefficient obtained from the three experiments was taken.
钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置包括：摩擦模块、动力模块、控制模块和数据采集模块。The device for measuring the friction coefficient of the drilling plugging material includes: a friction module, a power module, a control module and a data acquisition module.
摩擦模块主要包括恒温液槽、支架、黏结平板、砝码、加热电阻丝5个部件。恒温液槽由耐腐蚀的不锈钢材料制成，可以盛装钻井液、地层水、酸液、碱液等地层流体，来模拟实际摩擦条件下地层流体环境，盛液量可根据需要自行调整。液槽底部安装有加热电阻丝，通过控制液槽中流体温度模拟实际摩擦条件下地层温度，温度调节范围为常温～120℃。支架焊接在恒温液槽底部，水平用于固定黏结堵漏材料的不锈钢平板，其高度可通过紧固螺栓调节。砝码用于调节作用在摩擦面上的法向力，质量可选。The friction module mainly includes 5 parts: a constant temperature liquid tank, a bracket, a bonding plate, a weight, and a heating resistance wire. The constant temperature liquid tank is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, which can hold formation fluids such as drilling fluid, formation water, acid liquid, and alkali liquid to simulate the formation fluid environment under actual friction conditions. The liquid volume can be adjusted according to needs. A heating resistance wire is installed at the bottom of the liquid tank to simulate the formation temperature under actual friction conditions by controlling the fluid temperature in the liquid tank, and the temperature adjustment range is from normal temperature to 120 °C. The bracket is welded at the bottom of the constant temperature liquid tank, and is horizontally used to fix the stainless steel plate for bonding leakage plugging materials, and its height can be adjusted by fastening bolts. The weight is used to adjust the normal force acting on the friction surface, and the mass is optional.
摩擦模块通过牵引支架相连，牵引支架位于直线导轨上，并通过传动杆与动力系统相连。直线滑动导轨用于约束牵引支架的运动轨迹，使得动力模块提供的拉力保持在同一水平直线上。传动杆保证牵引支架和上摩擦板匀速运动。实验过程中位于牵引支架上的拉力、位移和速度传感器采集实验数据，用于堵漏材料摩擦系数计算。The friction module is connected by a traction bracket, which is located on a linear guide rail and connected to the power system by a transmission rod. The linear sliding guide rail is used to constrain the movement trajectory of the traction bracket, so that the pulling force provided by the power module remains on the same horizontal straight line. The transmission rod ensures the uniform movement of the traction bracket and the upper friction plate. During the experiment, the tension, displacement and speed sensors located on the traction bracket collect the experimental data, which are used to calculate the friction coefficient of the plugging material.
本发明与常规摩擦系数测量方法和装置相比，具有如下优势：Compared with conventional friction coefficient measuring methods and devices, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)形成了钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数有效测量方法。适用堵漏材料类型广泛，球形、片状、纤维等类型堵漏材料均适用。实际堵漏过程中多采用不同类型堵漏材料复配，该方法与装置不仅可以测量单一类型堵漏材料摩擦系数，也可以测量不同类型堵漏材料之间，以及不同类型堵漏材料复配后的摩擦系数，测量方法贴近实际情况。(1) Formed an effective measurement method for the friction coefficient of drilling plugging materials. Suitable for a wide range of plugging materials, spherical, sheet, fiber and other types of plugging materials are applicable. In the actual plugging process, different types of plugging materials are often compounded. This method and device can not only measure the friction coefficient of a single type of plugging material, but also can measure the friction coefficient between different types of plugging materials, and after different types of plugging materials are compounded The friction coefficient, the measurement method is close to the actual situation.
(2)测量方法简便、高效、可重复性强。堵漏材料摩擦板制备简便、高效，制备过程中消除了初始摩擦面几何形态的影响，保证了测量结果的可重复性和测量结果之间的可比性。(2) The measurement method is simple, efficient and highly repeatable. The preparation of the plugging material friction plate is simple and efficient, and the influence of the geometric shape of the initial friction surface is eliminated during the preparation process, which ensures the repeatability and comparability of the measurement results.
(1)能够模拟实际摩擦条件下的地层高温与流体环境。该堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置实验温度可达120℃。可模拟钻井液、地层水、酸液、碱液等地层流体环境。(1) It can simulate the formation high temperature and fluid environment under actual friction conditions. The experimental temperature of the friction coefficient measuring device for the plugging material can reach 120°C. It can simulate the formation fluid environment such as drilling fluid, formation water, acid liquid and alkali liquid.
(4)测量装置自动化程度高。由计算机、位移传感器、速度传感器和拉力传感器组成的数据采集模块，具有记录数据准确、快速、自动化程度高的特点。(4) The measuring device has a high degree of automation. The data acquisition module composed of computer, displacement sensor, speed sensor and tension sensor has the characteristics of accurate, fast and high degree of automation in recording data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring the friction coefficient of drilling plugging materials.
图中，1-恒温液槽，2-砝码，3-上平板，4-堵漏材料，5-下平板，6-支架，7-支架平台，8-加热电阻丝，9-地层流体，10-细钢丝，11-牵引支架，12-传动杆，13-直线滑动导轨，14-电动机，15-平台，16-显示器，17-数据线。In the figure, 1-constant temperature liquid tank, 2-weight, 3-upper plate, 4-plugging material, 5-lower plate, 6-support, 7-support platform, 8-heating resistance wire, 9-formation fluid, 10-thin steel wire, 11-traction bracket, 12-transmission rod, 13-linear sliding guide rail, 14-electric motor, 15-platform, 16-monitor, 17-data cable.
具体实施方式detailed description
(1)将需要测试的堵漏材料和摩擦板放入恒温干燥箱，干燥温度设为60℃，干燥48h后取出，放入干燥皿中备用；(1) Put the plugging material and friction plate to be tested into a constant temperature drying oven, set the drying temperature to 60°C, take them out after drying for 48 hours, and put them in a drying dish for later use;
(2)堵漏材料摩擦板制备。采用黏结剂将干燥处理后的堵漏材料均匀粘在平板上，保证堵漏材料单层铺置，并将粘好的堵漏材料摩擦板放在干净玻璃板上轻压以保证表面平整。保证黏结剂不会渗到颗粒表面，不影响堵漏材料表面摩擦性质；(2) Preparation of plugging material friction plate. Adhesive is used to evenly stick the dried plugging material on the plate to ensure that the plugging material is laid in a single layer, and the glued plugging material friction plate is placed on a clean glass plate and lightly pressed to ensure a smooth surface. Ensure that the binder will not seep to the surface of the particles, and will not affect the surface friction properties of the plugging material;
(3)按步骤(2)制备两块大小不同的堵漏材料摩擦板，面积较大的作为下摩擦板，面积，面积较小的作为上摩擦板。将下摩擦板固定在位于恒温液槽中的支架上，保持粘有堵漏材料一面朝上。将上摩擦板称重后(重量记为WN)平放在下摩擦板最左端且不超出其左端边界，保持粘有堵漏材料一面朝下。将砝码轻放在上摩擦板上端面中心位置并固定，用细钢丝将上摩擦板与牵引支架连接；(3) According to step (2), prepare two pieces of plugging material friction plates with different sizes, the one with larger area is used as the lower friction plate, and the one with smaller area is used as the upper friction plate. Fix the lower friction plate on the bracket located in the constant temperature liquid tank, keeping the side with the plugging material facing up. After weighing the upper friction plate (the weight is recorded as W N ), place it flat on the leftmost end of the lower friction plate without exceeding the boundary of its left end, and keep the side with the plugging material facing down. Put the weight lightly on the center of the end surface of the upper friction plate and fix it, and connect the upper friction plate with the traction bracket with a thin steel wire;
(4)向恒温液槽内缓慢注入实际摩擦条件时对应的流体(水基/油基钻井液、地层水、完井液等)，保证液面刚好没过摩擦接触面；(4) Slowly inject the fluid corresponding to the actual friction conditions (water-based/oil-based drilling fluid, formation water, completion fluid, etc.) into the constant temperature liquid tank to ensure that the liquid level is just below the frictional contact surface;
(5)给恒温液槽加温至实际摩擦条件对应的地层温度，并保持整个实验过程温度恒定；(5) Heating the constant temperature liquid tank to the formation temperature corresponding to the actual friction conditions, and keeping the temperature constant throughout the experimental process;
(6)校正拉力传感器(精度±0.01N)，调节电压，控制移动速率在(4.0—5.0)mm/min范围。启动软件，连接拉力与位移传感器，点击软件界面数据记录按钮。开启电机启动开关，开始摩擦系数测量实验；(6) Calibrate the tension sensor (accuracy ±0.01N), adjust the voltage, and control the moving speed in the range of (4.0—5.0) mm/min. Start the software, connect the tension and displacement sensors, and click the data record button on the software interface. Turn on the motor start switch to start the friction coefficient measurement experiment;
(7)当上摩擦板滑动至堵漏材料板右边界时停止实验，保存数据。根据得到的摩擦力(Ff)数据，采用公式(1)计算摩擦系数。每组实验重复三次，取三次实验获得的摩擦系数平均值。(7) When the upper friction plate slides to the right boundary of the plugging material plate, stop the experiment and save the data. According to the obtained friction force (F f ) data, formula (1) is used to calculate the friction coefficient. Each group of experiments was repeated three times, and the average value of the friction coefficient obtained from the three experiments was taken.
式中，μf—堵漏材料摩擦系数，无量纲；In the formula, μ f —friction coefficient of leakage plugging material, dimensionless;
Ff—传感器记录的拉力值，即摩擦力，N；F f —the tension value recorded by the sensor, that is, the friction force, N;
WN—堵漏材料摩擦版质量，Kg。W N —mass of the friction plate of the plugging material, Kg.
钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置包括：摩擦模块、动力模块、控制模块和数据采集模块。The device for measuring the friction coefficient of the drilling plugging material includes: a friction module, a power module, a control module and a data acquisition module.
(1)摩擦模块。摩擦模块包括恒温液槽、支架、黏结平板、砝码、加热电阻丝5个部件。恒温液槽由耐腐蚀的不锈钢材料制成，可以盛装水基/油基钻井液、地层水、酸液、碱液等流体，来模拟实际摩擦条件下地层流体环境，盛液量可根据需要自行调整。液槽底部安装有加热电阻丝，通过控制液槽中流体温度模拟实际摩擦条件下地层温度，温度调节范围为常温～120℃。支架焊接在恒温液槽底部，用于固定黏结堵漏材料的不锈钢平板，其高度可通过紧固螺栓调节。砝码用于调节作用在摩擦面上的法向力，质量可选。(1) Friction module. The friction module includes 5 parts: a constant temperature liquid tank, a bracket, a bonding plate, a weight, and a heating resistance wire. The constant temperature liquid tank is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, which can hold water-based/oil-based drilling fluid, formation water, acid liquid, lye and other fluids to simulate the formation fluid environment under actual friction conditions. The liquid capacity can be customized according to needs Adjustment. A heating resistance wire is installed at the bottom of the liquid tank to simulate the formation temperature under actual friction conditions by controlling the fluid temperature in the liquid tank, and the temperature adjustment range is from normal temperature to 120 °C. The bracket is welded at the bottom of the constant temperature liquid tank, and is used to fix the stainless steel plate for bonding the plugging material, and its height can be adjusted by fastening the bolts. The weight is used to adjust the normal force acting on the friction surface, and the mass is optional.
(2)动力模块。动力模块主要由牵引支架、传动杆、直线滑动导轨和同步直流电机组成。(2) Power module. The power module is mainly composed of traction bracket, transmission rod, linear sliding guide rail and synchronous DC motor.
摩擦模块通过牵引支架相连，牵引支架位于直线滑动导轨上，并通过传动杆与动力系统相连。直线滑动导轨用于约束牵引支架的运动轨迹，使得动力模块提供的拉力保持在同一水平直线上。传动杆一端与电机连接，另一端通过螺纹与牵引支架连接，牵引支架上端通过细钢丝与堵漏材料摩擦板连接，下端与位移传感器和速度传感器相连接。传动杆保证牵引支架和上摩擦板匀速运动，当电机输出扭力时，传动杆通过其表面螺纹带动牵引支架沿直线滑动导轨带动上摩擦板做匀速直线运动。同步电机用于提供装置的动力，电压调节范围为0～30V。The friction module is connected by a traction bracket, which is located on a linear sliding guide rail and connected to the power system by a transmission rod. The linear sliding guide rail is used to constrain the movement trajectory of the traction bracket, so that the pulling force provided by the power module remains on the same horizontal straight line. One end of the transmission rod is connected with the motor, and the other end is connected with the traction bracket through threads, the upper end of the traction bracket is connected with the plugging material friction plate through thin steel wire, and the lower end is connected with the displacement sensor and the speed sensor. The transmission rod ensures that the traction bracket and the upper friction plate move at a constant speed. When the motor outputs torque, the transmission rod drives the traction bracket along the linear sliding guide rail through its surface thread to drive the upper friction plate to move at a constant speed. The synchronous motor is used to provide the power of the device, and the voltage adjustment range is 0-30V.
(3)控制模块。控制模块由传感器、电源控制器、电压调节装置、启动/复位控制装置组成。传感器包括拉力传感器、位移传感器和速度传感器。拉力传感器用于监测实验过程中堵漏材料摩擦板之间的摩擦力；位移传感器用于监测上摩擦板的位移；速度传感器用于监测上摩擦板的移动速度。电压调节装置和启动/复位控制装置用于控制同步电机输入电压，以实现对同步电机转速的控制，控制旋钮包括粗调和细调两组，可实现输出电压的精确调控，控制精度可达0.1V。复位控制主要控制牵引支架的运动方向，即实现牵引支架复位，以便重新开展下一组实验。(3) Control module. The control module consists of sensors, power controllers, voltage regulators, and start/reset controls. Sensors include tension sensors, displacement sensors and speed sensors. The tension sensor is used to monitor the friction force between the friction plates of the plugging material during the experiment; the displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement of the upper friction plate; the speed sensor is used to monitor the moving speed of the upper friction plate. The voltage regulating device and the start/reset control device are used to control the input voltage of the synchronous motor to control the speed of the synchronous motor. The control knob includes two groups of coarse adjustment and fine adjustment, which can realize precise regulation of the output voltage, and the control accuracy can reach 0.1V . The reset control mainly controls the movement direction of the traction support, that is, to realize the reset of the traction support, so as to carry out the next set of experiments again.
(4)数据采集模块。数据采集模块由数据记录软件和计算机组成。数据记录软件安装在配套计算机中，可同时监测样品运动过程中的、位移、速度、温度、时间等参数，并能生成直观的数据监测曲线。还可实现实时数据查询、曲线颜色变换、归零、仪器标定等功能。当实验结束时，点击保存按钮可实现原始数据txt格式存档，以便下一步数据处理。(4) Data acquisition module. The data acquisition module consists of data recording software and a computer. The data recording software is installed in the supporting computer, which can simultaneously monitor parameters such as displacement, speed, temperature, time and other parameters during the movement of the sample, and can generate intuitive data monitoring curves. Real-time data query, curve color change, zero reset, instrument calibration and other functions can also be realized. When the experiment is over, click the save button to archive the original data in txt format for the next step of data processing.
该钻井堵漏材料摩擦系数测量装置主要技术指标为：①工作温度：常温～120℃；②摩擦块质量：10～100g；③直线滑动导轨最大行程：200mm；④同步电机电压及转速：DC6～30V、100r/min；⑤丝杠扭力：1.5Kg/cm；⑥滑动摩擦块前进速度：0-20cm/min连续可调；⑦数据采集：同步采集拉力、位移、时间；⑧恒温液槽：长200mm，宽100mm，高80mm；⑨拉力传感器：量程：0～2000g，灵敏度：0.8±0.1，综合误差：0.05％FS。The main technical indicators of the friction coefficient measuring device for drilling plugging materials are: ①Working temperature: room temperature ~ 120°C; ②Friction block mass: 10~100g; ③Maximum stroke of linear sliding guide rail: 200mm; ④Voltage and speed of synchronous motor: DC6~ 30V, 100r/min; ⑤ screw torque: 1.5Kg/cm; ⑥ forward speed of sliding friction block: 0-20cm/min continuously adjustable; ⑦ data acquisition: synchronous acquisition of tension, displacement, time; 200mm, width 100mm, height 80mm; ⑨Tension sensor: range: 0～2000g, sensitivity: 0.8±0.1, comprehensive error: 0.05%FS.
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