CN1067519C - 稻种消毒剂 - Google Patents
稻种消毒剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1067519C CN1067519C CN94104500A CN94104500A CN1067519C CN 1067519 C CN1067519 C CN 1067519C CN 94104500 A CN94104500 A CN 94104500A CN 94104500 A CN94104500 A CN 94104500A CN 1067519 C CN1067519 C CN 1067519C
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
通过将有效成分4(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧杂戊环-4-基)吡咯-3-腈和5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代[1,3]-二氧杂戊环基[4,5-g]喹啉-7-羧酸混合组成的消毒剂组合物显示出了很高的增效效果,在低浓度下对于水稻和小麦的恶苗病,稻瘟病,叶斑病,黑穗病有着相当高的防治效果。
Description
粮食作物如水稻或小麦,在播种前用上面所述的化合物A和B进行种子消毒,可以杀死寄生在种子上的植物病原真菌和保护播种后的种子和幼苗免受土壤微生物的攻击所导致的危害。所以,本发明的消毒剂组合物在农业上是有用的。
从日本专利Koka;sho62-483和英国Brightoncrop ProtcctionConference(英国Brighton农作物保护会议)“Pests and Diseases1990”401·2中已知,本发明的有效成分化合物A对于植物病原真菌如灰霉病、褐腐病、菌核病、根腐病、黑斑病等有着广谱的抗菌活性,对于水稻病害如恶苗病、稻瘟病、叶斑病等具有很好的种子消毒效果。
另一方面,从“Agricultural Chemicals Business”(农业化学品商务),1989年3月15日,NO852,PP1-2中可知,作为本发明的另一有效成分化合物B表现出了很高的抗植物真菌活性。如对软腐病叶斑病等,它作为种子消毒剂防治颖枯病也得到了承认。
直到现在,苯并咪唑类化合物一直被广泛用作为水稻种子消毒剂。但是,近年来由于长期和连续使用它的混合物已导致水稻病害对苯并咪唑类化合物产生了抗性。
此外,由于苯并咪唑类化合物渗透性差,它们对于在内部被侵染的种子效果不好。
此后,开发了许多种子消毒剂如麦角甾醇合成抑制剂,它们显示出了优良的效果。但是由于连续使用导致抗性真菌的出现令人担忧。
如上所述,由于常规种子消毒剂其效果常常不能令人满意,所以不断要求有更好的药剂问世。
本发明正是用于克服上述缺陷,提供了一个可在低浓度下使用的品种消毒剂组合物,它对抗性真菌是有效的,且同时可阻止由植物病原真菌引起的病害。
已经发现由上面所述通式所示的化合物A和化合物B(即4-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧戊环-4-基)-吡咯-3-腈和5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代[1,3]-二氧杂戊环基[4,5-g]喹啉-7-羧酸)共同组成的种子消毒剂满足了这一要求。它在低浓度下可获得很好的种子消毒效果。
为了制备本发明的种子消毒剂,需将本发明的有效成分与合适的载体和助剂物质,如表面活性剂、粘着剂、稳定剂等结合起来,加工成可湿性粉剂,乳液,可流动剂,可湿性颗粒剂等。化合物A和化合物B可以一起加工成一个单一的剂型,或者两者单独加工,在使用时再混合。
本发明两个有效成分的混合重量比通常为化合物A∶B=1∶0.1~20。其比例因使用条件而变化。优选的比例是A∶B=2∶1至1∶10,特别优选A∶B=1∶2至1∶10。典型的成品制剂的混合物其比例为A∶B=1∶8,1∶6,1∶4,2∶5,1∶3。
在本发明中所用的载体可是制备农业制剂时常规使用的任何固体或液体物质,它们是不受限制的。例如,固体载体可是矿物粉(高岭土、皂土、粘土、滑石、硅藻土、硅石、蛭石、碳酸钙等),天然聚合物(小麦粉、淀粉、结晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、明胶等),糖(葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蔗糖等),硫酸铵、尿素等。
液体载体是:例如水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、苄醇、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲基萘、甲乙酮、环己烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙二醇醋酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚、二丙二醇单甲基醚、己烷、石油醚、溶剂石脑油、煤油、轻油等。
在可湿性粉剂、可流动剂中的表面活性剂或乳化剂是用于乳化、分散、溶解、润湿、起泡和悬浮作用。这些表面活性是非离子型的,阴离子型的,阳离子型的和两性类型的。
此外,还可加入各种添加剂,如抗氧化剂、抗光分解剂、有效成分稳定剂、粘度控制剂、抗冻剂等。
此外,其它的杀菌剂成分,杀虫剂成分和植物生长调节剂也可以与本发明的种子消毒剂混用。
三发明举例如下,但不限于这些例子。在例中所用的份数表示重量份数。
F-1可流动剂
化合物A 5份
化合物B 20份
聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚 1份
木质素磺酸钠 4份
水 60份
上述组分用一个均浆混合器使之均匀混合并分散,再向其中加入10份2%的呫吨胶水溶液,得到流动剂。
F-2流动剂
化合物A 5份
化合物B 5份
聚氧基乙烯壬基苯基醚 1份
木质素磺酸钠 4份
水 75份
加工方法同F-1。
F-3可湿性粉剂
化合物A 1份
化合物B 20份
白碳 1份
月桂基硫酸钠 3份
木质素磺酸钙 2份
粘土 73份
上面各组分混合并充分磨细得到可湿性粉剂。
F-4二剂类型的流动剂
A剂(流动剂)
化合物A 5份
聚氧基乙烯壬基苯基醚 1份
木质素磺酸钠 4份
水 80份
加工方法同F-1。
B剂(流动剂)
化合物B 20份
聚氧基乙烯壬基苯基醚 1份
木质素磺酸钠 4份
水 65份
加工方法同F-1。
由此制备得到含有A剂和B剂的二剂类型制剂。
例(使用方法)
在使用上述的或类似的制剂进行种子消毒的方法中,优选的方法包括将未去壳的稻种浸入到本发明的种子消毒剂中,消毒剂用水稀释10至1000倍,消毒剂稀释液的体积相当于种子体积的0.7~4倍,或用相当于种子重量0.1~4.0%的可湿性粉剂对未去壳的种子包衣、或用为了所述的目的设计的特殊喷雾器将稀释到5~40倍的消毒剂喷洒到种子上的方法处理种子。喷洒的量的种子重量的3%。在上面所述的浸种方法中,种子在低浓度的消毒剂(稀释至100~1000倍)中浸泡时间长一些(6~72小时)或在高浓度中(稀释至10~100倍),浸泡时间短一些(10~30分钟)。
通过使用二剂类型制剂处理种子或用每个制剂中含有本发明有效成分之一的两个单独的商品制剂处理种子,即将种子先浸泡在含一种有效成分的商品制剂处理种子,即将种子先浸泡在含有一种有效成分的制剂中,继之再浸泡于含有另一有效成分的制剂中,用此两种方法可获得相似的消毒效果。将两个制剂按一定比例混合,同时用于处理种子也是可行的,它可以用混剂进行浸种,包衣或喷雾处理。
两个有效成分合在一起所组成的本发明的消毒剂组合物显示出了很高的增效效果,对于防治水稻恶苗病、稻瘟病、叶斑病和颖枯病疗效相当高。特别是该消毒剂实现了长期以来所期望的在低用量下对于水稻恶苗病和叶斑病所显示出的优良的防治效果。此外,本消毒剂对于那些抗苯并咪唑类药的水稻病害品系与那些对苯并咪唑类药物敏感的水稻病害品系的防治效果同样好。
生物实施例
用下面的试验举例说明本发明组合物的种子消毒效果。
试验1
从水稻田中采集被水稻恶苗病(对苯并咪唑有抗性的品系)严重侵染的未去壳带病稻种(品种:日本裸稻),将这些种子浸入到用例1方法制备的并已稀释到预定浓度的可流动剂的稀释液中,在20℃下浸种24小时进行消毒处理,未去壳种子和消毒液的体积比为1∶1。
处理后,除去供试药液,将种子放入相当于二倍种子量的自来水中浸泡4天,温度为20℃。然后将此处理过的种子于30℃下催芽15小时,再播入人工制造的商品颗粒状土壤中(每个试验小区(30cm)播种量3g)然后置于温室中。
播种后第30天,对被侵染的秧苗和未侵染的种苗计数。用下式计算侵染的程度(%)。(试验重复三次,取其平均值)
也要调查药剂对发芽率、生长情况等所产生的付作用(它也同于下面所述的试验)。结果给在表1中。
表1
处理小区 | 有效成分 | 浓度(ppm) | 侵染度 | 副作用 |
发明小区 | 化合物A&B | 250+1000125+50063+25032+12516+63 | 0.00.00.10.30.8 | 无"""" |
比较小区 | 化合物A | 250125633216 | 0.00.51.50.81.5 | 无"""" |
B | 100050025012563 | 35.735.233.341.744.8 | 无"""" | |
对照小区 | 68.1 | 无 |
试验2
从水稻田中采集被水稻恶苗病严重侵染的未去壳带病稻种(品种:Nipponare),用按照例H-1方法制备并稀释到预定浓度的可流动剂的浆液进行处理(浆液用量为干燥的未去壳种子重量的3%)。供试的未去壳的种子在空气中干燥。
处理后,将种子在二倍于种子量的自来水中浸泡5天,温度20℃。再于30℃下对种子催芽15小时,其后将种子播入人工制造的商品颗粒状土壤中,每个小区(30cm)播种量3g。于32℃下经2天处理后移入温室中。
在播种后第30天,对被侵染的秧苗和未侵染的秧苗计数。按照试验1的公式计算秧苗侵染度(%)和防治百分比。
结果给在表2中。
表2
处理小区 | 有效成分 | 浓度克有效成分/100公斤种子 | 侵染度 | 副作用 |
发明小区 | 化合物A&B | 25+10012.5+506.3+253.2+12.51.6+6.3 | 0.00.00.20.51.2 | 无"""" |
比较小区 | 化合物A | 2512.56.33.21.6 | 0.00.31.00.91.2 | 无"""" |
化合物B | 100502512.56.3 | 28.929.128.830.133.4 | 无"""" | |
对照小区 | 59.9 | 无 |
注:a.i.=有效成分
试验3种子消毒防治颖枯病的效果
供试的未去壳的稻种(品种:Nipponbare)浸入到含颖枯病孢子的接种液(103cfn/ml)中4小时,然后再浸入到按照例F-1制备的并稀释到预定浓度的可流动剂稀释液中24小时(温度维持20℃)对种子消毒处理,种子与消毒液体积比为1∶1。
处理后种子放入二倍于种子量的自来水中浸泡4天(温度20℃)。在30℃下对处理过的未去壳的种子催芽15小时后,将种子播入人工制造的商品颗粒状土壤中,每个小区(30cm2),播种量3g,在32℃下维持2天后,移入温室之中。
在播种后第13天,对被颖枯病侵染的秧苗和未被侵染的秧苗计数。按照试验1方法计算秧苗侵染度(%)。试验重复3次,取其平均值作为侵染度,给在下表中。
结果给在表3中。
表3
处理小区 | 有效成分 | 浓度(ppm) | 副作用 | |
发明小区 | 化合物A&B(试验a)化合物A&B(试验b) | 250+1000125+50063+250250+1000125+50063+250 | 0.10.10.30.40.40.2 | 无""""" |
比较小区 | 化合物A | 2501256332 | 38.840.141.539.8 | """" |
化合物B | 1000500250125 | 4.36.04.45.2 | """" | |
对照小区 | - | 48.1 | " |
试验4
用本发明的制剂进行种子消毒处理防治水稻枯萎病的效果
将在含枯萎病孢子的溶液(105cfn/ml)中浸泡了4个小时稻种(品种:Nipponbare)再放入用例1和4方法制备的特定浓度的可流动剂稀释液中浸泡24小时(温度20℃)。消毒液与种子的体积比为1∶1。处理后种子在二倍于种子量的自来水中浸泡3天。
然后将处理过的种子于30℃及黑暗条件下维持15小时,让其发芽,再将种子播放颗粒状商品土壤中,每个小区(30cm)播种量3g。在32℃下维持2天让其萌发,然后置于温室中。
在播种后20天,对被枯萎病侵染的秧苗和未被侵染的秧苗计数。用与试验1中相同的方法确定每个小区中被侵染的比率。每个小区设3个重复,其平均值代表本试验中被侵染秧苗的比率。结果给在表4中。
试验5
用本发明的制剂作种子消毒处理防止水稻细菌性褐条病侵染的效果。
将稻种在含褐条病孢子(105cfn/ml)溶液中浸泡4小时后再用按例1和4方法制备并稀释到特定浓度的可流动剂稀释液浸泡种子24小时(温度20℃)。消毒剂与种子的体积比为1∶1。处理后种子在二倍于种子量的自来水中浸泡3天。
然后将处理过的种子于30℃和黑暗条件下维持15小时让其发芽,将种子播入呈颗粒状的商品土壤中,每个小区(30cm2)播种量3g。在32℃下维持2天让其发芽,然后置于温室中。
播种后13天,通过对未被侵染的秧苗和被褐条病侵染的秧苗计算来评价发病情况。用与例1中相同的方法确定每个小区被侵染秧苗的比率。每个小区重复3次,取其平均值作为本试验被侵染秧苗的比率。结果给在表5中。
表4
应用的化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 被侵染的粗株(%) | 副作用 |
(例F-1)化合物A+B | 500+2000250+1000125+50063+250 | 2.41.21.08.5 | 无""" |
例F+4)化合物:A+B | 500+2000250+1000125+50063+250 | 1.52.72.53.7 | """" |
比较小区AB | 50020001000500250 | 63.027.018.916.720.7 | """" |
对照 | 92.3 | " |
表5
应用的化合物 | 浓度(ppm) | 被侵染的植株(%) | 副作用 |
例F-1)化合物A+B | 500+2000250+1000125+50063+250 | 1.20.61.03.5 | 无""" |
例F-4)化合物A+B | 500+2000250+1000125+50063+250 | 1.01.51.32.5 | """" |
比较小区AB | 50020001000500250 | 48.74.65.319.428.6 | """" |
对照 | 61.2 | " |
Claims (6)
1.一种种子消毒剂组合物,它含有有效成分A)4-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧杂戊环-4-基)吡咯-3-腈和B)5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代[1,3]二氧杂戊环基-[4,5-g]喹啉--7-羧酸,以及一个合适的载体,其中A与B的重量比为1∶0.1~20。
2.按照权项要求1的组合物,其中A∶B=2∶1至1∶10(重量比)。
3.按照权项要求2的组合物,其中A∶B=1∶2至1∶10(重量比)。
4.防治和阻止病害的方法,它包括将权利要求1所述的种子消毒剂组合物施用于谷类作物,它们的种子或其生长地。
5.按照权项要求4的方法,其中谷类作物是水稻、小麦和大麦。
6.按照权项要求4的方法,其中种子是在播种前进行处理。
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JP5113607A JP3066516B2 (ja) | 1993-04-17 | 1993-04-17 | イネ種子用消毒剤 |
JP113607/1993 | 1993-04-17 |
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