CN106748190A - One kind fermentation Optimization of Low Value Fish water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes S1: chopping the marine low-value fish into pieces, then adding water, disodium edetate and alkyl glucoside, adjusting the pH value of the system to 3-5, stirring, standing, and filtering , to obtain purified fragments; S2 crushes the above fragments to make surimi, transfers them to a fermenter, then adds molasses, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, ferments at room temperature, and continuously stirs during the fermentation process to produce Obtain fermented fish soluble slurry; S3 Add preservatives to the fermented fish soluble slurry, stir evenly, and prepare fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer. The salt content of this fertilizer is less than 2%, the sum of heavy metals such as arsenic is less than 20ppm, and it is rich in active peptides, immune polysaccharides, amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, etc. After being applied to the soil, it can increase ground temperature, increase root activity, and enhance crop cold resistance. thereby promoting crop growth.

Description

Fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular relates to a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

At present, most agricultural crops rely on chemical fertilizers and chemical agents to increase production. Long-term use destroys the chemical balance of the natural microbial community in the soil, unbalances the physical and chemical conditions of the soil, and severely attenuates the natural fertility of the soil. Applying more chemical fertilizers to maintain high yields increases costs, and in the long run, may even lead to barren and wasteful soil.

Low-value fish refers to small miscellaneous fish that have a relatively low market value, low yield of a single species, and cannot be sold as a single species. my country is rich in marine fishery resources and is one of the countries with the largest output of aquatic products in the world. Among them, the output of low-value small trash fish accounts for a large proportion of the aquatic products caught in the ocean, generally accounting for 28-59% of the catch. Low-value small trash fish are small in size and generally have many small bony spurs. Some of them have poor flavor due to high fat content, which makes low-value small trash fish generally unsuitable for direct consumption. Therefore, they are mostly used to produce feed for breeding, Low-value products such as fish meal are directly discarded as waste due to rot and deterioration, resulting in a waste of a lot of resources and environmental pollution. The protein content of low-value small miscellaneous fish is relatively high, generally about 15-18%. It is a good source of protein data. After fermentation, the macromolecular protein is degraded into oligomeric active peptides, which can be used as fertilizers to improve the processing of low-value fish. The added value, get good economic benefit and social benefit.

At present, the use of low-value fish to produce fertilizer mainly adopts simple cooking, fermentation, enzymolysis, separation and other steps, such as the preparation method of a fish protein amino acid water-soluble fertilizer disclosed in Chinese patent application CN 104557339A, which pulverizes low-value fish into fish paste Finally, yeast, lactic acid bacteria and protease are added for fermentation to obtain water-soluble fertilizer. However, the low-value fish fertilizer products made in this way, especially the marine low-value fish fertilizer products, have high salinity and heavy metal content. If this type of fertilizer is used for a long time, it may cause heavy metal pollution in the soil. Moreover, the oil content of this type of fertilizer is relatively high, and the quality of the product is difficult, which limits its popularization and application. Chinese patent application CN 104892037A discloses a method for producing water-soluble fish protein organic fertilizer using fish as raw material. The method is used to elute the enzymatic solution to remove the salt and heavy metals, but this method is time-consuming and not conducive to large-scale production.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art (such as high salinity and heavy metal content in marine low-value fish fertilizer products, difficulty in quality assurance, etc.), the invention provides a method for preparing fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer, which can Effectively reduce the salt and heavy metal ion content in marine low-value fish, and the prepared fertilizer product system is stable and has a long shelf life.

A kind of preparation method of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:

S1. Mince marine low-value fish into 0.5-1cm pieces, then add water 3-5 times the weight of the pieces, then add disodium edetate and alkyl glycosides, and use citric acid to adjust the pH of the system When the value reaches 3~5, stir for 20~30min, let it stand for 2~3h, filter, and obtain the purified fragments;

S2. Crush the purified fragments to make surimi, transfer to a fermenter, then add molasses, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, and ferment at room temperature for 5 to 7 days, stirring continuously during the fermentation process, After the fermentation is completed, fermented fish soluble pulp is obtained;

S3. Add 0.2-1.0% preservative by weight to the fermented fish soluble slurry, and stir evenly to prepare a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer.

Further, the added amount of disodium edetate is 4-6% of the weight of the pieces.

Further, the addition amount of the alkyl glycoside is 1-3% of the weight of the pieces, and the alkyl glycoside is specifically an alkyl glycoside with a carbon chain length of C8-C10.

Further, the weight percentages of the surimi, molasses, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast are 30%, 55%, 6%, 3% and 6% respectively.

Further, the bacillus includes bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus, and the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus is 1:1.

Further, the lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis is 2:1.

Further, the preservative is a mixture of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin, and the weight ratio of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin is (3-5):1.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the marine low-value fish is specifically anchovy, small yellow croaker, small flatmouth fish, etc., these fish live in the offshore, and have a high degree of salinity and pollution. Therefore, the present invention first Marine low-value fish are chopped into pieces for desalination and heavy metal treatment; Disodium EDTA is a good chelating agent, which can effectively chelate many metal ions in hard water, such as calcium, magnesium , iron, lead, copper, etc., but the inventors found that applying it to chelate heavy metal ions in marine low-value fish meat basically does not work, probably because heavy metal ions are combined with fish meat and are not easily removed by chelation. Need to solve the problem of heavy metal ion dissolution in fish meat. Alkyl glucoside is a kind of surfactant with good water solubility, and the inventor unexpectedly found that after using a small amount of alkyl glycoside, because of its surface activity, it can absorb and change the osmotic pressure, so that the heavy metal ions in fish meat can The effective dissolution also accelerates the dissolution of salt, thereby achieving the purpose of greatly reducing the content of heavy metal ions and salt, and the effect is the best when the pH value of the system is adjusted to 3-5 with citric acid. After desalting and heavy metal treatment of marine low-value fish, crush the fish pieces to make surimi, add molasses, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, etc. for fermentation, and add preservatives after fermentation to obtain liquid fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer . The preservative of the present invention consists of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin (chemical name: (E, E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3 , 5-diketone, CAS No.: 458-37-7) mixed, can effectively extend the shelf life of the fertilizer of the present invention, so that it can be popularized and applied in a wide range.

In addition, the present invention also claims to protect the fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer. The salt content of this fertilizer is less than 2%, the sum of the five heavy metal ions content of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury is less than 20ppm, and it is rich in active peptides, immune polysaccharides, amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, etc. It can increase the ground temperature after being applied to the soil , increase root activity, enhance crop cold resistance, and promote crop growth.

Therefore, compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention is:

(1) The preparation method of the fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention is simple, the process is stable, the conditions are controllable, the production cost is low, and it can be industrialized; The shelf life is conducive to large-scale promotion and application.

(2) The salt content of the fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention is less than 2%, and the sum of five heavy metal ion contents of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury is less than 20ppm, and the fertilizer of the present invention is rich in active peptides, immune polysaccharides, amino acids and Unsaturated fatty acids, etc., after being applied to the soil, can increase ground temperature, increase root activity, promote root growth and development; improve stress resistance, especially cold resistance; promote crop growth, increase crop yield, and improve crop quality.

detailed description

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Examples 1-3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1-5 all adopt the same batch of marine low-value fish for processing. The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional commercial products.

Embodiment 1, fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention and its preparation

S1. Mince marine low-value fish into 0.5-1cm fragments, take 5 tons of fragments, then add 15 tons of water, then add 0.2 tons of disodium edetate and 0.05 tons of carbon chain length C8-C10 Alkyl glycosides, use citric acid to adjust the pH value of the system to 3, stir for 20 minutes and then let stand for 2 hours, filter to obtain purified fragments;

S2, pulverize the purified fragments to make surimi, take 3 tons of surimi, transfer to a fermenter, then add 5.5 tons of molasses and 0.6 tons of bacillus, 0.3 tons of lactic acid bacteria, 0.6 tons of saccharomyces, at room temperature Ferment for 5 days, stir continuously during the fermentation process, and fermented fish soluble pulp is obtained after the fermentation is completed;

S3. Add 0.2% preservative by weight to the fermented fish soluble slurry, and stir evenly to prepare a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer.

The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus, and the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus is 1:1.

The lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis is 2:1.

The preservative is a mixture of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin, and the weight ratio of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin is 3:1.

Embodiment 2, fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention and its preparation

S1. Mince marine low-value fish into 0.5-1cm fragments, take 5 tons of fragments, then add 25 tons of water, then add 0.3 tons of disodium edetate and 0.15 tons of carbon chain length C8-C10 Alkyl glucosides, use citric acid to adjust the pH value of the system to 5, stir for 30 minutes, let stand for 3 hours, filter, and obtain purified fragments;

S2, pulverize the purified fragments to make surimi, take 3 tons of surimi, transfer to a fermenter, then add 5.5 tons of molasses and 0.6 tons of bacillus, 0.3 tons of lactic acid bacteria, 0.6 tons of saccharomyces, at room temperature Ferment for 7 days, stir continuously during the fermentation process, and fermented fish soluble pulp is obtained after the fermentation is completed;

S3. Add 1.0% preservative by weight to the fermented fish soluble slurry, and stir evenly to prepare a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer.

The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus, and the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus is 1:1.

The lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis is 2:1.

The preservative is a mixture of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin, and the weight ratio of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin is 5:1.

Embodiment 3, fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention and its preparation

S1. Mince marine low-value fish into 0.5-1cm fragments, take 5 tons of fragments, then add 20 tons of water, then add 0.25 tons of disodium edetate and 0.1 tons of carbon chain length C8-C10 Alkyl glycosides, use citric acid to adjust the pH value of the system to 4, stir for 30 minutes and then let stand for 2 hours, filter to obtain purified fragments;

S2, pulverize the purified fragments to make surimi, take 3 tons of surimi, transfer to a fermenter, then add 5.5 tons of molasses and 0.6 tons of bacillus, 0.3 tons of lactic acid bacteria, 0.6 tons of saccharomyces, at room temperature Fermentation for 6 days, stirring continuously during the fermentation process, and fermented fish soluble slurry was obtained after the fermentation was completed;

S3. Add 0.5% preservative by weight to the fermented fish soluble slurry, and stir evenly to prepare a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer.

The bacillus includes bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus, and the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus is 1:1.

The lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the weight ratio of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis is 2:1.

The preservative is a mixture of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin, and the weight ratio of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin is 4:1.

Comparative example 1

Compared with Example 3, the only difference of this comparative example is that no alkyl glycoside is used.

Comparative example 2

Compared with Example 3, the only difference in this comparative example is that the added amount of the alkyl glycoside is 5% of the weight of the pieces, that is, 0.25 tons.

Comparative example 3

Compared with Example 3, the difference of this comparative example is only that: use citric acid to adjust the pH value of the system to 2.

Comparative example 4

Compared with Example 3, the difference of this comparative example is only: the preservative is sodium dehydroacetate.

Comparative example 5

Compared with Example 3, the difference of this comparative example is only: the preservative is curcumin.

Test example 1. Evaluation of the effect of removing salt and heavy metal ions

The salt content and the heavy metal ion content (the sum of the five heavy metal ions of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury) of the marine low-value fish fragments before and after step S1 in the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were carried out. The test results are as follows:

It can be seen from the above table:

(1) The preparation method of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention can effectively dissolve the salt and heavy metal ions in the fish meat, and achieve the purpose of greatly reducing the content of salt and heavy metal ions, so that the salt in the fertilizer product is less than 2%. , The sum of the five heavy metal ions of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury is less than 20ppm, which can avoid soil pollution caused by salt and heavy metal ions.

(2) Comparative Example 1 does not use alkyl glycosides, and the salt content and heavy metal ion content of marine low-value fish fragments before and after treatment are only slightly reduced; The salt content and heavy metal ion content of the fish fragments after are all higher than those of the examples, indicating that the addition of alkyl glycosides is not the more the better the removal effect, and its dosage must be within a certain range to obtain the best results. Action effect; comparative example 3 adjusts the pH value of the system to 2, and the salt content and the heavy metal ion content of the fish pieces after the result are also all higher than those of the embodiment, illustrating that the size of the pH value will increase in the method of the present invention. Affect the effect of removing salt and heavy metal ions.

Test example 2. Shelf life evaluation

Investigate (under room temperature condition) the shelf life of the fertilizer that embodiment 1～3 and comparative example 4～5 make, result is as follows:

It can be seen from the above table:

(1) The shelf life of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is as long as 36 months. During this period, the fertilizer remains as a brown fishy smell liquid without mildew or rancidity, and the pH value is relatively constant, which solves the problem The low-value fish fertilizer has a relatively high oil content and is difficult to maintain quality, which is conducive to the large-scale popularization and application of the fertilizer of the present invention;

(2) Compared with Example 3, the preservative used in Comparative Example 4 is sodium dehydroacetate, and the fertilizer has deteriorated when checked in the 18th month, and its surface layer has white mold, and has a sour smell, and the pH value (1:250) is down to 2.1; And the preservative that comparative example 5 uses is curcumin, and this fertilizer has deteriorated when checking in the 12th month, and its surface layer has white mold, and with sour smell, pH value (1 :250) down to 1.4, reflecting that sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin have a certain synergistic effect, and the two can prolong the shelf life of fertilizer of the present invention by compounding and using in a certain proportion.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Those skilled in the art make some simple modifications, equivalent changes or modifications by using the technical content disclosed above, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. a preparation method for fermenting low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1. Mince marine low-value fish into 0.5-1cm pieces, then add water 3-5 times the weight of the pieces, then add disodium edetate and alkyl glycosides, and use citric acid to adjust the pH of the system When the value reaches 3~5, stir for 20~30min, let it stand for 2~3h, filter, and obtain the purified fragments; S2. Crush the purified fragments to make surimi, transfer to a fermenter, then add molasses, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, and ferment at room temperature for 5 to 7 days, stirring continuously during the fermentation process, After the fermentation is completed, fermented fish soluble pulp is obtained; S3. Add 0.2-1.0% preservative by weight to the fermented fish soluble slurry, and stir evenly to prepare a fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer. 2. The preparation method of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the added amount of disodium edetate is 4-6% of the weight of the pieces. 3. The method for preparing fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the added amount of the alkyl glucoside is 1-3% of the weight of the pieces. 4. the preparation method of fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the percentage by weight that described surimi, molasses, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast are respectively 30%, 55%, 6%, 3% and 6%. 5. the preparation method of fermenting low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described bacillus comprises bacillus subtilis and methylotrophic bacillus. 6. the preparation method of fermenting low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described lactic acid bacterium comprises fermentum lactobacillus and brevis lactobacillus. 7. the preparation method of fermentation low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described preservative is the mixture of sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin, the weight ratio of described sodium dehydroacetate and curcumin For (3～5):1. 8. The fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer obtained by the method for preparing fermented low-value fish water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.