CN106739087A - Screw extruder for dehydration of steam explosion materials - Google Patents
Screw extruder for dehydration of steam explosion materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN106739087A CN106739087A CN201710064136.2A CN201710064136A CN106739087A CN 106739087 A CN106739087 A CN 106739087A CN 201710064136 A CN201710064136 A CN 201710064136A CN 106739087 A CN106739087 A CN 106739087A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/14—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with only one screw or worm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
- B30B9/121—Screw constructions
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及植物秸秆综合利用生产生物质燃料的技术领域，具体涉及一种用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机。The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of plant stalks to produce biomass fuel, in particular to a screw extruder used for dehydrating steam-exploded materials.
背景技术Background technique
螺旋挤压机是一种机械挤压脱水装置，物料通过变螺距的螺旋叶片和变径的螺旋轴，逐步压缩物料体系体积，将其中的具有流动性的介质通过筛网排出体系，实现固液分离，以提高物料干度。The screw extruder is a mechanical extrusion dehydration device. The material passes through the variable-pitch screw blade and the variable-diameter screw shaft to gradually compress the volume of the material system, and the fluid medium in it is discharged from the system through the screen to achieve solid-liquid Separation to improve the dryness of the material.
各种物料的组织结构形态和物理特性具有本质的区别，在螺旋挤压脱水过程中，表现的脱水能力及脱水机理也完全不同。There are essential differences in the organizational structure and physical properties of various materials. During the screw extrusion dehydration process, the dehydration ability and dehydration mechanism are also completely different.
通过化学品高温处理的造纸浆料，组成体系的固体物部分，宏观结构已经破坏(维持物料结构强度的木质素溶出或破坏，植物的宏观结构已经坍塌)，纤维吸水发生润涨，挤压后塑性较好，挤压后的塑性外形不易反弹，体积回弹量小，体积回弹后对挤出液的返吸量小，比较容易挤压脱水；目前大部分螺旋挤压机是针对这类物料设计的。The paper-making slurry treated at high temperature by chemicals, the solid part of the system, the macrostructure has been destroyed (the lignin that maintains the structural strength of the material is dissolved or destroyed, and the macrostructure of the plant has collapsed), the fiber absorbs water and swells, after extrusion Good plasticity, the plastic shape after extrusion is not easy to rebound, the amount of volume rebound is small, the amount of back absorption of the extruded liquid after volume rebound is small, and it is easier to extrude and dehydrate; most of the current screw extruders are for this type material designed.
汽爆喷放过程中，由于植物结构内部的水分瞬间汽化膨胀，在蒸汽动力撕裂下，植物结构强度已经被破坏；汽爆后的物料经水洗涤或化学品溶液处理后，其中半纤维素部分、水溶性物质，包括一些小分子量木质素，已经分离溶出；基本是丝状物状态，结构多孔疏松；又由于其中纤维素结晶部分水分不能进入，物料这些区域的微观组织结构在汽爆后变化较小，使大部分微细纤维没有吸水润涨，所以，汽爆后的物料吸水性强，主要是游离水，但脱水阻力小，在脱水过程中丝状物料易缠绕，极易造成局部过脱水、形成局部过干硬料块，进一步将挤压机堵塞，无法运行；棉纤维浆(结晶纤维素含量高)、无化学品或少化学品高温蒸煮的纸浆也具有类似的特性。During the steam explosion spraying process, due to the instantaneous vaporization and expansion of the water inside the plant structure, the strength of the plant structure has been destroyed under the tearing of steam power; the material after the steam explosion is washed with water or treated with a chemical solution, and the hemicellulose Some, water-soluble substances, including some small molecular weight lignin, have been separated and dissolved; they are basically in the state of filaments, and the structure is porous and loose; and because the water in the cellulose crystal part cannot enter, the microstructure of these areas of the material will be damaged after steam explosion. The change is small, so that most of the microfibers do not absorb water and swell. Therefore, the water absorption of the material after steam explosion is strong, mainly free water, but the dehydration resistance is small. Dehydration, the formation of local overdry hard lumps, further clogging the extruder and making it impossible to run; cotton fiber pulp (high in crystalline cellulose content), and pulp cooked at high temperature with no chemicals or less chemicals also have similar characteristics.
现有技术中，植物秸秆汽爆物料使用造纸行业传统设计的螺旋挤压机进行脱水，经常无法正常运行，要么出料干结堵塞挤浆机，要么出料浓度太低，无法超过20％的干度。In the prior art, the steam-exploded material of plant straw is dehydrated by a traditionally designed screw extruder in the paper industry, which often fails to operate normally. Spend.
因此，在植物秸秆综合利用生产生物质燃料的技术领域，急需一种用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机，既能适应波动量大的进料方式，挤出汽爆物料干度又能达到40-65％，且运行稳定，不堵塞、动力消耗低。而截止目前，这一领域尚没有适用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机。Therefore, in the technical field of comprehensive utilization of plant straws to produce biomass fuels, there is an urgent need for a screw extruder for dehydrating steam-exploded materials, which can not only adapt to the feeding method with large fluctuations, but also can extrude the dryness of steam-exploded materials. Reach 40-65%, and run stably, no blockage, low power consumption. Up to now, there is no screw extruder suitable for dehydration of steam explosion materials in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题，提供一种用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机，其结构简单，可满足植物秸秆综合利用生产生物质燃料技术领域的汽爆物料脱水要求，适应于波动量大的进料方式，挤出汽爆物料干度达到40-65％，且运行稳定，不堵塞、动力消耗低。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a screw extruder for steam explosion material dehydration, which has a simple structure and can meet the steam explosion material dehydration requirements in the technical field of plant straw comprehensive utilization to produce biomass fuel, and is suitable for The feeding method with large fluctuations, the dryness of the extruded steam explosion material reaches 40-65%, and the operation is stable, no clogging, and low power consumption.
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机包括：机架；安装在机架上且相对机架转动的螺旋主轴；驱动螺旋主轴旋转的驱动装置；位于机架上且罩设在螺旋主轴外的筛筒；安装在机架上且罩设在筛筒外的密封罩；设置在机架两端的进料口和出料口；其中，所述螺旋主轴包括：位于所述进料口下方的用于提高汽爆物料的进料速度的进料直轴段；与进料直轴段末端连接的用于快速压缩汽爆物料的压缩段；与压缩段末端连接的用于使汽爆物料体积被压缩至最小并形成连续料塞的出料直轴段，其一部分位于所述出料口的上方；其中，所述进料直轴段、压缩段、出料直轴段上的螺旋叶片的螺距逐渐减小。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the screw extruder used for the dehydration of steam-explosive materials of the present invention includes: a frame; a screw main shaft that is installed on the frame and rotates relative to the frame; a driving device that drives the rotation of the screw main shaft; The screen cylinder on the frame and covered outside the screw spindle; the sealing cover installed on the frame and covered outside the screen cylinder; the inlet and outlet provided at both ends of the frame; wherein, the screw spindle It includes: a feed straight shaft section located below the feed inlet for increasing the feed speed of the steam explosion material; a compression section connected to the end of the feed straight shaft section for rapidly compressing the steam explosion material; and a compression section The outlet straight shaft section connected at the end is used to compress the volume of the steam explosion material to a minimum and form a continuous plug, a part of which is located above the discharge port; wherein, the feed straight shaft section, compression section, The pitch of the helical blade on the discharge straight shaft section decreases gradually.
优选的，所述压缩段具有锥形轴，其末端的直径大于其前端的直径。Preferably, the compression section has a tapered shaft with a diameter at its end that is greater than that at its front end.
优选的，所述出料直轴段具有直径不变的直轴，包括：与所述压缩段末端连接的螺旋段；与螺旋段末端连接的用于使所述汽爆物料形成连续料塞的光轴段；其中，所述螺旋段具有所述螺旋主轴上的最末螺旋叶片。Preferably, the discharge straight shaft section has a straight shaft with a constant diameter, including: a spiral section connected to the end of the compression section; a spiral section connected to the end of the spiral section for making the steam explosion material form a continuous plug Optical axis segment; wherein the helical segment has the last helical blade on the helical main shaft.
优选的，所述最末螺旋叶片位于所述出料直轴段与所述压缩段的连接处，用于将挤进至最末螺旋叶片的所述汽爆物料的体积压缩至最小。Preferably, the last helical blade is located at the connection between the discharge straight shaft section and the compression section, and is used to compress the volume of the steam-explosive material squeezed into the last helical blade to a minimum.
进一步的，还包括：设置在所述出料直轴段的光轴段上的用于将挤出的所述汽爆物料中的成硬块物料破碎的出料破碎棒。Further, it also includes: a discharge crushing rod arranged on the optical axis section of the discharge straight axis section and used for crushing the agglomerated material in the extruded steam explosion material.
优选的，所述进料直轴段具有直径不变的直轴，其直径小于所述出料直轴段的直径。Preferably, the feed straight shaft section has a straight shaft with a constant diameter, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the discharge straight shaft section.
优选的，所述进料直轴段设置1-1.5个螺旋叶片，以便提高汽爆物料的进料速度。Preferably, 1-1.5 helical blades are arranged on the feed straight shaft section, so as to increase the feed speed of steam explosion materials.
优选的，所述光轴段的轴向长度为所述螺旋叶片直径的0.4-1.6倍，以便降低高强度挤压区的长度。Preferably, the axial length of the optical axis section is 0.4-1.6 times the diameter of the helical blade, so as to reduce the length of the high-strength extrusion zone.
优选的，所述筛筒的直径与所述出料直轴段的直径之差小于500mm，以便提高出料干度。Preferably, the difference between the diameter of the sieve cylinder and the diameter of the straight-axis section of the discharge is less than 500mm, so as to improve the dryness of the discharge.
优选的，所述螺旋主轴的出料端处的螺旋叶片与进料端处的螺旋叶片的体积压缩比范围为1：1.7－3.15。Preferably, the volume compression ratio of the screw blade at the discharge end of the screw main shaft to the screw blade at the feed end is in the range of 1:1.7-3.15.
优选的，所述螺旋主轴上靠近出料口处的至少3个螺旋叶片、3个螺旋叶片所在处的螺旋主轴以及所述筛筒的内筛板表面喷涂耐磨材料，以便使布氏硬度大于HB400。Preferably, on the screw main shaft, at least 3 screw blades near the outlet, the screw main shaft where the 3 screw blades are located, and the surface of the inner sieve plate of the sieve cylinder are sprayed with wear-resistant materials, so that the Brinell hardness is greater than HB400.
与现有技术相比，本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the screw extruder used for the dehydration of steam-exploded materials of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明的螺旋挤压机用于对汽爆物料挤压脱水，由于汽爆物料脱水阻力小，脱水速率快，故本发明的螺旋挤压机取消了传统挤压机的预脱水部分，减少螺旋叶片数量，缩短螺旋挤压机的长度，降低物料与机体之间的摩擦面积，减小摩擦力，加大单位时间内的体积压缩量，降低动力消耗，适应汽爆物料快速脱水的特性，达到出料干度要求；1. The screw extruder of the present invention is used to extrude and dehydrate steam-exploded materials. Since the dehydration resistance of steam-exploded materials is small and the dehydration rate is fast, the screw extruder of the present invention cancels the pre-dehydration part of the traditional extruder, Reduce the number of screw blades, shorten the length of the screw extruder, reduce the friction area between the material and the body, reduce friction, increase the volume compression per unit time, reduce power consumption, and adapt to the characteristics of rapid dehydration of steam-explosive materials , to meet the dryness requirements of the discharge;
2、本发明的螺旋挤压机，减少了高强度挤压区的长度，降低了物料高强度挤压时与机体之间的摩擦力，确保物料快速脱水，并降低动力消耗；2. The screw extruder of the present invention reduces the length of the high-strength extrusion zone, reduces the friction between the material and the machine body during high-strength extrusion, ensures rapid dehydration of the material, and reduces power consumption;
3、本发明的螺旋挤压机，螺旋主轴变径至最大处设置一段不变径的直轴，使得汽爆物料压缩体积至最小、挤压强度最高，摩擦力最大，且物料进入无螺旋叶片的光轴段后，由于无叶片推动，使得物料在光轴段连续形成料塞区，在被后续挤入物料推出之前，可以确保物料继续脱水至要求干度，从而使挤出的汽爆物料的干度可达到40-65％，且运行稳定，不堵塞，动力消耗低；3. In the screw extruder of the present invention, a section of straight shaft with constant diameter is set at the place where the screw main shaft is changed to the maximum, so that the compressed volume of the steam explosion material is minimized, the extrusion strength is the highest, and the friction force is the largest, and the material enters without screw blades After the optical axis section, because there is no blade to push, the material continuously forms a plug area in the optical axis section. Before being pushed out by the subsequent extruded material, it can ensure that the material continues to be dehydrated to the required dryness, so that the extruded steam explosion material The dryness can reach 40-65%, and the operation is stable, no blockage, low power consumption;
4、本发明的螺旋挤压机，合理设计光轴段的轴向长度和主轴与圆筒形筛筒的直径之比，以便连续形成强度适当的料塞区，即能降低摩擦面积，又可稳定达到出料干度要求；4. In the screw extruder of the present invention, the ratio of the axial length of the optical axis section and the diameter of the main shaft to the cylindrical sieve cylinder is rationally designed so as to continuously form a material plug area with appropriate strength, which can reduce the friction area and can Stably meet the dryness requirements of the discharge;
5、本发明的螺旋挤压机，螺旋主轴出料端与进料端的体积压缩比是1：1.7－3.15，从而适应于进料不同干度的变化范围。5. In the screw extruder of the present invention, the volume compression ratio between the discharge end and the feed end of the screw main shaft is 1:1.7-3.15, so that it is suitable for the variation range of different dryness of the feed.
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机的主视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of the screw extruder used for steam explosion material dehydration of the present invention;
图2是图1所示螺旋挤压机的俯视图；Fig. 2 is a top view of the screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
图3是图1所示螺旋挤压机的右视图；Fig. 3 is the right side view of screw extruder shown in Fig. 1;
图4是本发明的螺旋主轴的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the screw main shaft of the present invention;
图5是本发明的筛框、内筛板、外筛板构成圆筒形筛筒的装配示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the assembly of the cylindrical sieve cylinder formed by the sieve frame, the inner sieve plate and the outer sieve plate of the present invention;
图6是本发明的筛框展开后的示意图；Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after the sieve frame of the present invention is expanded;
图7是本发明的内筛板展开后的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the inner sieve plate of the present invention after deployment;
图8是图7所示I部分放大图；Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of part I shown in Fig. 7;
图9是本发明的外筛板展开后的结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer sieve plate of the present invention after deployment.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供一种用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机，以满足植物秸秆综合利用生产生物质燃料技术领域的汽爆物料脱水要求，适应波动量大的进料方式，并使挤出汽爆物料干度达到40-65％，且运行稳定，不堵塞，动力消耗低。The invention provides a screw extruder for dehydration of steam-exploded materials, which meets the requirements of dehydration of steam-exploded materials in the technical field of comprehensive utilization of plant straws to produce biomass fuels, adapts to the feeding mode with large fluctuations, and makes extruded steam The dryness of the explosive material reaches 40-65%, and the operation is stable, no clogging, and low power consumption.
为了达到上述目的，如图1-图3所示，本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机包括：机架1；安装在机架1上且相对机架1转动的螺旋主轴；驱动螺旋主轴旋转的驱动装置；位于机架1上且罩设在螺旋主轴外的筛筒16；安装在机架1上且罩设在筛筒16外的密封罩9；设置在机架1两端的进料口2和出料口3；其中，螺旋主轴包括：位于进料口2下方的用于提高汽爆物料的进料速度的进料直轴段18；与进料直轴段18末端连接的用于快速压缩汽爆物料的压缩段4；与压缩段4末端连接的用于使汽爆物料体积被压缩至最小并形成连续料塞的出料直轴段14，其一部分位于出料口3的上方；其中，进料直轴段18、压缩段4、出料直轴段14上的螺旋叶片13的螺距逐渐减小。In order to achieve the above object, as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the screw extruder used for steam explosion material dehydration of the present invention comprises: a frame 1; a screw main shaft that is installed on the frame 1 and rotates relative to the frame 1; The driving device for driving the rotation of the screw main shaft; the screen cylinder 16 located on the frame 1 and covered outside the screw main shaft; the sealing cover 9 installed on the frame 1 and covered outside the screen cylinder 16; arranged on two sides of the frame 1 The feed port 2 and the discharge port 3 at the end; wherein, the screw main shaft includes: a feed straight shaft section 18 positioned below the feed port 2 for improving the feed rate of the steam explosion material; and a feed straight shaft section 18 end The connected compression section 4 for rapidly compressing the steam-explosive material; the discharge straight-axis section 14 connected to the end of the compression section 4 for minimizing the volume of the steam-explosive material and forming a continuous plug, a part of which is located at the discharge Above the port 3; wherein, the pitch of the screw blades 13 on the feed straight shaft section 18, the compression section 4, and the discharge straight shaft section 14 gradually decreases.
具体的，本发明的螺旋挤压机包括机架1，带有螺旋叶片13的螺旋主轴的两端分别通过轴承室8转动安装在机架1上，轴承室8内有滚动轴承和推力轴承，轴承室8固定在机架1的支撑体上，螺旋主轴的一端是动力输入端，与驱动装置连接，如通过联轴器与减速机、皮带传动系统、电机连接，由于螺旋挤压机出口端的挤压强度远高于进口端，使得整个设备的主要动力负荷在出口端，因此，本发明将驱动装置安装在螺旋挤压机的出料口一端。Specifically, the screw extruder of the present invention includes a frame 1, and the two ends of the screw main shaft with the helical blades 13 are respectively mounted on the frame 1 through a bearing chamber 8 for rotation, and a rolling bearing and a thrust bearing are arranged in the bearing chamber 8, and the bearing The chamber 8 is fixed on the supporting body of the frame 1, and one end of the screw main shaft is the power input end, which is connected with the driving device, such as connecting with a reducer, a belt transmission system, and a motor through a coupling. The compressive strength is much higher than that of the inlet end, so that the main power load of the whole equipment is at the outlet end. Therefore, the present invention installs the driving device at the end of the discharge port of the screw extruder.
其中，本发明的螺旋主轴外罩有圆筒形的筛筒16，如图5所示，筛筒16是内筛板5、外筛板6焊接在带有加强筋板的两个半圆形筛框7上(筛框展开图如图6所示)，两个半圆形筛框7通过螺栓紧固在一起组成；如图7、图8所示，内筛板5的板厚3-5mm，筛孔Φ3-5mm，如图9所示，外筛板6的板厚12-18mm，筛孔Φ20-30mm，筛筒16的两端用螺栓固定在机架1支撑板上。筛筒16外罩设有密封罩9，与安装在机架1上且位于密封罩9底部的接水盘11用螺栓紧固密封，接水盘11中间是排水口12，密封罩9的作用是密封筛筒排出的液体，使之进入接水盘排出。从图1看到进料口2中部的虚线部分，是在进料口2下部、螺旋主轴底部设置的半圆形筛框，进料口2是由与底部接水盘连接的位于螺旋主轴两侧的一对密封直板围成，物料从一对密封直板的上部开口处进入。出料口3处也由位于螺旋主轴两侧的一对密封直板围成，采用上下直通的结构，在下面的开口处出料，上面的开口用作观察取样口，以便于对出料情况进行随时观察。由于排水口12位于进料口2和出料口3之间，便于将物料脱水处理后形成的液体(如水)排出。Wherein, the spiral main shaft of the present invention is covered with a cylindrical sieve cylinder 16, as shown in Figure 5, the sieve cylinder 16 is the inner sieve plate 5, the outer sieve plate 6 welded on two semicircular sieves with reinforcing ribs. On the frame 7 (the expanded view of the screen frame is shown in Figure 6), two semicircular screen frames 7 are fastened together by bolts; as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, the thickness of the inner sieve plate 5 is 3-5mm , sieve hole Φ3-5mm, as shown in Figure 9, the plate thickness 12-18mm of outer sieve plate 6, sieve hole Φ20-30mm, the two ends of sieve cylinder 16 are bolted on frame 1 support plate. The outer cover of the screen cylinder 16 is provided with a sealing cover 9, which is fastened and sealed with bolts to the water receiving pan 11 installed on the frame 1 and positioned at the bottom of the sealing cover 9. In the middle of the water receiving pan 11 is a drain port 12. Seal the liquid discharged from the sieve cylinder so that it enters the drain pan and discharges. From Figure 1, we can see that the dotted line in the middle of the feed port 2 is a semicircular screen frame set at the bottom of the feed port 2 and the bottom of the screw main shaft. It is surrounded by a pair of sealing straight plates on the side, and the material enters from the upper opening of the pair of sealing straight plates. The discharge port 3 is also surrounded by a pair of sealed straight plates located on both sides of the screw main shaft. It adopts a straight-through structure up and down, and the discharge is at the lower opening, and the upper opening is used as an observation sampling port, so as to monitor the discharge situation. Observe at any time. Since the discharge port 12 is located between the feed port 2 and the discharge port 3, it is convenient to discharge the liquid (such as water) formed after the material is dehydrated.
其中，如图4所示，本发明的螺旋主轴包括进料直轴段18、压缩段4和出料直轴段14，进料直轴段18和出料直轴段14均具有直径不变的直轴，压缩段4的两端分别与进料直轴段18和出料直轴段14连接，其中，进料直轴段18的直径小于出料直轴段14的直径，即，压缩段4具有锥形轴，锥形轴末端的直径大于其前端的直径。Wherein, as shown in Figure 4, the screw spindle of the present invention comprises a feed straight shaft section 18, a compression section 4 and a discharge straight shaft section 14, and the feed feed straight shaft section 18 and the discharge straight shaft section 14 have constant diameters. The two ends of the compression section 4 are respectively connected with the feed straight shaft section 18 and the discharge straight shaft section 14, wherein the diameter of the feed straight shaft section 18 is less than the diameter of the discharge straight shaft section 14, that is, the compression Segment 4 has a tapered shaft with a larger diameter at the end than at the front end.
其中，本发明的出料直轴段14包括：与压缩段4末端连接的带有螺旋叶片的螺旋段；与螺旋段末端连接的用于使汽爆物料形成连续料塞的光轴段15；其中，螺旋段具有螺旋主轴上的最末一个螺旋叶片13，且最末螺旋叶片13位于出料直轴段14与压缩段4的连接处，以便汽爆物料行进至最末螺旋叶片13时体积被压缩至最小。Wherein, the discharge straight axis section 14 of the present invention includes: a helical section with helical blades connected to the end of the compression section 4; an optical axis section 15 connected to the end of the helical section for making the steam-explosive material form a continuous plug; Wherein, the helical section has the last helical blade 13 on the helical main shaft, and the last helical blade 13 is located at the junction of the discharge straight shaft section 14 and the compression section 4, so that the volume compressed to a minimum.
综上，本发明的螺旋主轴4，其进料端(与进料口位置相对应的一端)轴径小、出料端(与出料口位置相对应的一端)轴径大，螺旋叶片的螺距17从进料端向出料端方向逐步减小，进料端有一段是不变径的直轴段18(即进料直轴段)，在进料直轴段18上设置1-1.5个螺旋叶片13，以适应于波动量大的进料方式，且提高汽爆物料的进料速度，螺旋主轴的出料端也有一段是不变径的直轴段14(即出料直轴段)，在出料直轴段的不变径直轴(即螺旋段)上设置0.25-0.7个螺旋叶片13，出料直轴段14的后部分直轴上没有螺旋叶片13，即，出料直轴段的后部分为光轴段15，以便形成物料的料塞形成区，提高出料端的挤压强度，利于提高出料干度。In summary, the screw main shaft 4 of the present invention has a small shaft diameter at the feed end (the end corresponding to the position of the feed opening), a large shaft diameter at the discharge end (the end corresponding to the position of the discharge port), and the diameter of the helical blade The screw pitch 17 gradually decreases from the feed end to the discharge end. There is a section of the feed end that is a straight shaft section 18 with a constant diameter (that is, the feed straight shaft section). Set 1-1.5 on the feed straight shaft section 18 A helical blade 13, to be adapted to the large feeding mode of fluctuating amount, and improve the feed rate of steam explosion material, the discharge end of screw main shaft also has a section to be the straight shaft section 14 of constant diameter (being the straight shaft section of discharging ), 0.25-0.7 screw blades 13 are set on the constant diameter straight axis (i.e. the spiral section) of the discharge straight shaft section, and there is no screw blade 13 on the rear part straight axis of the discharge straight shaft section 14, that is, the discharge straight shaft The rear part of the shaft section is an optical shaft section 15, so as to form a material plug forming area of the material, improve the extrusion strength of the discharge end, and help improve the dryness of the discharge.
进一步的，本发明在出料直轴段14的出料口外40-150mm处，设有出料破碎棒10，用于将经高强度挤压所挤出的成硬块的物料破碎，使破碎后的物料从出料口掉落，以便出料口不会被硬块状的物料所堵塞。Further, the present invention is provided with a discharge crushing rod 10 at a place 40-150 mm outside the discharge port of the discharge straight shaft section 14, which is used to crush the hard block material extruded through high-strength extrusion, so that after crushing The material falls from the discharge port so that the discharge port will not be blocked by hard lump materials.
其中，设计时，本发明的螺旋主轴出料端料塞形成区(即光轴段15)的轴向长度为螺旋叶片13直径的0.4-1.6倍，筛筒16的内部直径(即，内筛板围成的圆筒的内径)与出料直轴段14的直径之差小于500mm，螺旋主轴上一共设置4-6个螺旋叶片，出料端与进料端的螺旋体积压缩比是1：1.7－3.15。本发明通过减少螺旋主轴上的螺旋叶片的数量，缩短螺旋主轴的长度，进而缩短螺旋挤压机的整体长度，可降低物料与螺旋挤压机的各部分之间的摩擦面积，从而减小摩擦力，加大单位时间内的体积压缩量，降低驱动装置的动力消耗，适应汽爆物料快速脱水的特性，可达到出料干度要求，使得出料干度可达到40-65％，远高于现有技术挤压机的出料干度。Wherein, when designing, the axial length of the screw spindle discharge end material plug forming area (i.e. the optical axis section 15) of the present invention is 0.4-1.6 times of the diameter of the helical blade 13, and the inner diameter of the screen cylinder 16 (i.e., the inner sieve The difference between the inner diameter of the cylinder surrounded by plates) and the diameter of the discharge straight shaft section 14 is less than 500mm, and a total of 4-6 screw blades are set on the screw spindle, and the screw volume compression ratio between the discharge end and the feed end is 1:1.7 -3.15. The present invention shortens the length of the screw main shaft by reducing the number of screw blades on the screw main shaft, thereby shortening the overall length of the screw extruder, reducing the friction area between the material and each part of the screw extruder, thereby reducing the friction Increase the volume compression per unit time, reduce the power consumption of the drive device, adapt to the characteristics of rapid dehydration of steam-explosive materials, and meet the requirements for the dryness of the output, so that the dryness of the output can reach 40-65%, which is much higher Compared with the discharge dryness of the prior art extruder.
其中，螺旋主轴上靠近出料口处的最后3个螺旋叶片13、3个螺旋叶片所在区域到出料端的螺旋主轴、以及筛筒16的内筛板5表面分别喷涂耐磨材料，以使布氏硬度大于HB400，优选的，上述各部分的表面电弧喷涂3Cr13耐磨材料，以便螺旋主轴、螺旋叶片和筛板等主要部件使用寿命加长。Among them, the last 3 helical blades 13 near the discharge port on the screw main shaft, the screw main shaft from the area where the 3 helical blades are located to the discharge end, and the surface of the inner sieve plate 5 of the screen drum 16 are sprayed with wear-resistant materials respectively, so that the cloth The hardness is greater than HB400. Preferably, the surface of the above-mentioned parts is arc-sprayed with 3Cr13 wear-resistant material, so that the service life of main components such as the screw spindle, screw blade and sieve plate is prolonged.
本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机，主要应用于生物质燃料生产领域的物料预处理，对汽爆后的物料经水洗涤或化学品溶液处理后进行挤压脱水，经本发明的螺旋挤压机脱水后，挤出汽爆物料干度达到40-65％，物料被挤压搓揉撕裂，酶解发酵抑制物大量去除，有利于后续工艺处理，且运行稳定，不堵塞、动力消耗低；此外，本发明的螺旋挤压机也可用于无化学品或少化学品高温蒸煮的纸浆、棉纤维浆料等的挤压脱水，出料干度远高于目前所用的各种挤压机，且不会干结堵塞，运行稳定，效果显著。The screw extruder used for dehydration of steam-exploded materials of the present invention is mainly used in the pretreatment of materials in the field of biomass fuel production. After the steam-exploded materials are washed with water or treated with chemical solutions, they are extruded and dehydrated. After the invented screw extruder is dehydrated, the dryness of extruded steam-exploded material reaches 40-65%, the material is squeezed, kneaded and torn, and a large amount of enzymolysis and fermentation inhibitors are removed, which is beneficial to the subsequent process treatment, and the operation is stable, no blockage and low power consumption; in addition, the screw extruder of the present invention can also be used for extrusion dehydration of paper pulp, cotton fiber slurry, etc. that are cooked at high temperature without chemicals or with few chemicals, and the dryness of the output is much higher than that currently used All kinds of extruders, and will not dry out and block, run stably, and the effect is remarkable.
综上所述，与现有技术相比，本发明的用于汽爆物料脱水的螺旋挤压机具有如下优点：In summary, compared with the prior art, the screw extruder for steam explosion material dehydration of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明的螺旋挤压机用于对汽爆物料挤压脱水，由于汽爆物料脱水阻力小，脱水速率快，故本发明的螺旋挤压机取消了传统挤压机的预脱水部分，减少螺旋叶片数量，缩短螺旋挤压机的长度，降低物料与机体之间的摩擦面积，减小摩擦力，加大单位时间内的体积压缩量，降低动力消耗，适应汽爆物料快速脱水的特性，达到出料干度要求；1. The screw extruder of the present invention is used to extrude and dehydrate steam-exploded materials. Since the dehydration resistance of steam-exploded materials is small and the dehydration rate is fast, the screw extruder of the present invention cancels the pre-dehydration part of the traditional extruder, Reduce the number of screw blades, shorten the length of the screw extruder, reduce the friction area between the material and the body, reduce friction, increase the volume compression per unit time, reduce power consumption, and adapt to the characteristics of rapid dehydration of steam-explosive materials , to meet the dryness requirements of the discharge;
2、本发明的螺旋挤压机，减少了高强度挤压区的长度，降低了物料高强度挤压时与机体之间的摩擦力，确保物料快速脱水，并降低动力消耗；2. The screw extruder of the present invention reduces the length of the high-strength extrusion zone, reduces the friction between the material and the machine body during high-strength extrusion, ensures rapid dehydration of the material, and reduces power consumption;
3、本发明的螺旋挤压机，螺旋主轴变径至最大处设置一段不变径的直轴，使得汽爆物料压缩体积至最小、挤压强度最高，摩擦力最大，且物料进入无螺旋叶片的光轴段后，由于无叶片推动，使得物料在光轴段连续形成料塞区，在被后续挤入物料推出之前，可以确保物料继续脱水至要求干度，从而使挤出的汽爆物料的干度可达到40-65％，且运行稳定，不堵塞，动力消耗低；3. In the screw extruder of the present invention, a section of straight shaft with constant diameter is set at the place where the screw main shaft is changed to the maximum, so that the compressed volume of the steam explosion material is minimized, the extrusion strength is the highest, and the friction force is the largest, and the material enters without screw blades After the optical axis section, because there is no blade to push, the material continuously forms a plug area in the optical axis section. Before being pushed out by the subsequent extruded material, it can ensure that the material continues to be dehydrated to the required dryness, so that the extruded steam explosion material The dryness can reach 40-65%, and the operation is stable, no blockage, low power consumption;
4、本发明的螺旋挤压机，合理设计光轴段的轴向长度和主轴与圆筒形筛筒的直径之比，以便连续形成强度适当的料塞区，即能降低摩擦面积，又可稳定达到出料干度要求；4. In the screw extruder of the present invention, the ratio of the axial length of the optical axis section and the diameter of the main shaft to the cylindrical sieve cylinder is rationally designed so as to continuously form a material plug area with appropriate strength, which can reduce the friction area and can Stably meet the dryness requirements of the discharge;
5、本发明的螺旋挤压机，螺旋主轴出料端与进料端的体积压缩比是1：1.7－3.15，从而适应于进料不同干度的变化范围。5. In the screw extruder of the present invention, the volume compression ratio between the discharge end and the feed end of the screw main shaft is 1:1.7-3.15, so that it is suitable for the variation range of different dryness of the feed.
尽管上文对本发明作了详细说明，但本发明不限于此，本技术领域的技术人员可以根据本发明的原理进行修改，因此，凡按照本发明的原理进行的各种修改都应当理解为落入本发明的保护范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited thereto, those skilled in the art can make modifications according to the principle of the present invention, therefore, all various modifications carried out according to the principle of the present invention should be understood as into the protection scope of the present invention.
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