CN106733964A - Harmless cleaning process of abandoned crude oil pipeline - Google Patents
Harmless cleaning process of abandoned crude oil pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUOFREPYJDSUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron sulfurous acid Chemical compound [Fe].S(O)(O)=O SUOFREPYJDSUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
- B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
- B08B9/0552—Spherically shaped pigs
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及原油管道的处理技术，尤其是涉及一种废弃原油管道的无害化清洗工艺。The invention relates to a treatment technology for crude oil pipelines, in particular to a harmless cleaning process for abandoned crude oil pipelines.
背景技术Background technique
管道服役年限达到上限或者管道继续输送原油的效益远低于输送成本且管道没有其他潜在用途时，需要对管道废弃。我国自1958年第一条原油管道建设以来，油气管道的发展日新月异，“十二五”末我国陆上油气管达到约10×104km。目前许多管道由于运行时间较长，老化严重，事故时有发生，而且随着中国经济的快速发展，管道途经的环境也发生了巨大变化，一些管道也逐渐被生活区覆盖，这些管路一旦发生事故，将会造成巨大的经济损失和产生较大的社会影响，所以管道的废弃处理亦成为日渐突出的问题。When the service life of the pipeline reaches the upper limit or the benefit of continuing to transport crude oil is far lower than the transportation cost and the pipeline has no other potential uses, the pipeline needs to be abandoned. Since the construction of the first crude oil pipeline in China in 1958, the development of oil and gas pipelines has been changing rapidly. By the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's onshore oil and gas pipelines reached about 10×10 4 km. At present, due to the long running time and serious aging of many pipelines, accidents occur from time to time, and with the rapid development of China's economy, the environment through which the pipelines pass has also undergone tremendous changes, and some pipelines are gradually covered by living areas. Accidents will cause huge economic losses and have a greater social impact, so the disposal of pipelines has become an increasingly prominent problem.
废弃原油管道处理包括管道内污物的清除，管道残油和清洗残液的回收处理、清洗效果验证、管道无害化填充等。由于废弃管道内残留物成分复杂，另外弃置时间长，性质也很复杂，若一次性将原油管道清洗到无油无蜡无垢是非常困难的。目前我国对有关管道废弃的研究、实践与国外相比较少，尚未形成系统科学的管道废弃处理技术体系，也无管道废弃处理的标准规范，管道废弃处理技术研究基本处于起步阶段。The treatment of abandoned crude oil pipelines includes the removal of dirt in the pipelines, the recovery and treatment of pipeline residual oil and cleaning residues, the verification of cleaning effects, and the harmless filling of pipelines. Due to the complex composition of residues in abandoned pipelines, the long disposal time and complex properties, it is very difficult to clean crude oil pipelines to be oil-free, wax-free and dirt-free at one time. At present, compared with foreign countries, there are few researches and practices on pipeline waste in my country. A systematic and scientific pipeline waste treatment technology system has not yet been formed, and there is no standard specification for pipeline waste treatment. The research on pipeline waste treatment technology is basically in its infancy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种针对埋地废弃原油管道的无害化清洗工艺。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a harmless cleaning process for buried abandoned crude oil pipelines.
为实现上述目的，本发明可采取下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention can take the following technical solutions:
本发明所述的废弃原油管道的无害化清洗工艺包括下述步骤：The harmless cleaning process of the abandoned crude oil pipeline of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，在废弃原油管道需要清洗的管段两端分别连接清管器发球筒和收球筒，靠近待清洗管段两端位置处设置有信号接收器，将收球筒的底部排污阀通过高压软管与收油储罐相连接；The first step is to connect the pipe pig sending and receiving tubes at both ends of the pipe section to be cleaned, respectively. Signal receivers are installed near the two ends of the pipe section to be cleaned, and the bottom drain valve of the receiving tube is passed through the high-pressure The hose is connected to the oil storage tank;
第二步，选择一组直板式清管器和三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器待用，检测管道内压力为标准大气压时，关闭收球筒的端部快开盲板；In the second step, select a set of straight plate pigs and three sets of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs for use, and when the pressure in the pipeline is detected to be standard atmospheric pressure, close the quick opening blind plate at the end of the ball receiving cylinder;
第三步，打开发球筒端部的快开盲板，将带有信号发射器的直板式清管器和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器依次间隔放入发球筒内，关闭发球筒的快开盲板；打开发球筒顶部的注液支管阀门和排气管阀门，将配制好的专用清洗剂从注液支管中注满直板式清管器和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器之间的管腔，专用清洗剂液柱的长度为15±1m；The third step is to open the quick-opening blind plate at the end of the ball barrel, put the straight plate pig with the signal transmitter and the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs into the ball barrel at intervals, and close the ball The quick-opening blind plate of the barrel; open the liquid injection branch pipe valve and the exhaust pipe valve on the top of the ball barrel, fill the prepared special cleaning agent from the liquid injection branch pipe into the straight plate pig and the first set of straight plate + leather bowl to mix The lumen between the type pigs, the length of the special cleaning agent liquid column is 15±1m;
第四步，关闭发球筒顶部的注液支管阀门和排气管阀门，打开收球筒的排气管阀门；开启发球筒的氮气注入阀门（氮气来着高压氮气瓶），将直板式清管器、专用清洗剂液柱和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器向管道内推入20±1m，停止充氮气，并关闭收球筒的排气管阀门；The fourth step is to close the liquid injection branch valve and the exhaust pipe valve on the top of the serving cylinder, open the exhaust pipe valve of the receiving cylinder; open the nitrogen injection valve of the serving cylinder (nitrogen comes from a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder), and clean the straight pipe Push the cleaner, special cleaning agent liquid column and the first group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs into the pipeline 20±1m, stop nitrogen filling, and close the exhaust pipe valve of the ball collection cylinder;
第五步，打开发球筒的排气阀，排放管腔内的氮气，至管腔内压力降为标准大气压时，打开发球筒的快开盲板，依次间隔装入第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器和第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器，关闭发球筒的快开盲板；打开发球筒顶部的注液支管阀门和排气管阀门，将洁净水从注液支管中注满第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器和第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器之间的管腔，洁净水液柱的长度为20±1m；Step 5: Open the exhaust valve of the ball barrel to discharge the nitrogen in the lumen. When the pressure in the lumen drops to standard atmospheric pressure, open the quick-opening blind plate of the ball barrel and install the second set of straight plates + leather cups at intervals in sequence. The hybrid pig and the third set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig, close the quick-opening blind plate of the ball; open the valve of the liquid injection branch pipe and the exhaust pipe valve on the top of the ball cylinder, and clean water from the liquid injection branch pipe Fill the lumen between the second set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs and the third set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs, and the length of the clean water liquid column is 20±1m;
第六步，关闭发球筒顶部的注液支管阀门和排气管阀门，开启收球筒的排气管阀门，在发球筒端部通入压缩空气（和氮气注入阀门是同一个入口）作为动力，推动由四组清管器和在四组清管器之间形成的专用清洗剂液柱、压缩氮气气柱和洁净水液柱组成的清管列车在管道内缓慢移动，对粘附在管道内壁的残留物进行充分的浸泡和清洗；The sixth step is to close the liquid injection branch valve and the exhaust pipe valve on the top of the serving cylinder, open the exhaust pipe valve of the ball receiving cylinder, and inject compressed air (the same inlet as the nitrogen injection valve) at the end of the serving cylinder as the power , to push the pigging train consisting of four sets of pigs and the special cleaning agent liquid column, compressed nitrogen gas column and clean water liquid column formed between the four sets of pigs to move slowly in the pipeline, and to prevent the adhesion on the pipeline The residues on the inner wall are fully soaked and cleaned;
第七步，当信号接收器接收到信号发射器的信号时，废弃管道内的残留物将被直板式清管器推至收球筒，此时及时打开底部排污阀，残留物通过高压软管流入收油储罐中被收集处理；收油完毕，再将高压软管与污水罐连通，第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器前行，清洗废液通过高压软管流入污水罐，直板式清管器继续前行至收球筒快开盲板处；Step 7: When the signal receiver receives the signal from the signal transmitter, the residue in the discarded pipeline will be pushed to the ball collecting barrel by the straight pipe pig. At this time, the bottom drain valve will be opened in time, and the residue will pass through the high-pressure hose After the oil is collected, the high-pressure hose is connected to the sewage tank, the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs move forward, and the cleaning waste liquid flows into the sewage tank through the high-pressure hose. The straight plate pig continues to move to the quick-opening blind plate of the receiving tube;
第八步，当清洗废液排放完毕，关闭发球筒端部的高压气阀，打开发球筒排气阀，使管道内压力降为标准大气压后，打开收球筒的快开盲板，取出直板式清管器后，将收球筒的快开盲板关闭；The eighth step, when the cleaning waste liquid is discharged, close the high-pressure air valve at the end of the ball-serving cylinder, open the exhaust valve of the ball-serving cylinder, and reduce the pressure in the pipeline to standard atmospheric pressure, open the quick-opening blind plate of the ball-receiving cylinder, and take out the straight plate After the type pig is installed, close the quick-opening blind plate of the receiving tube;
第九步，打开发球筒端部的高压气阀继续给管道注入压缩空气，当第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器进入收球筒前行至收球筒快开盲板处后，停止注入压缩空气，打开发球筒排气阀，使管道内压力降为标准大气压后，打开收球筒的快开盲板，取出第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器后，，将收球筒的快开盲板关闭；依次类推，直至取出最后第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器，管道洗工作完成。The ninth step is to open the high-pressure air valve at the end of the ball barrel and continue to inject compressed air into the pipeline. When the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs enter the ball collection barrel and move forward to the quick opening blind plate of the ball collection barrel, Stop injecting compressed air, open the exhaust valve of the ball tube to reduce the pressure in the pipeline to the standard atmospheric pressure, open the quick-opening blind plate of the ball tube, and take out the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig The quick-opening blind plate of the spherical cylinder is closed; and so on, until the last third set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig is taken out, and the pipeline cleaning work is completed.
其中第三步注入的专用清洗剂是由环己烷、三氯甲烷、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、乳化剂OP-10按1:1:1:1之重量份配制的液化制剂和由硫酸亚铁、硫化钠按1:0.5之重量份配制的固化制剂按8:2~5:5的重量比复配后加水稀释而成。当管道内残留物中胶质、沥青质物质大于50%时，可以增大液化制剂的用量，即液化制剂和固化制剂按8:2~7:3的重量比复配；当蜡质大于50%时，可以减小液化制剂的用量，即液化制剂和固化制剂按6:4~5:5的重量比复配即可，其他情况可酌情调整复配比例。加水稀释时，实际加水量可根据管道内污垢性状进行调整，一般情况下，清洗剂的浓度为50%左右。Wherein the special-purpose cleaning agent injected in the third step is a liquefied preparation prepared by cyclohexane, chloroform, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, emulsifier OP-10 in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1 and sulfurous acid Iron and sodium sulfide are prepared in a weight ratio of 1:0.5 and the curing preparation is compounded in a weight ratio of 8:2~5:5 and then diluted with water. When the colloid and bituminous substances in the residue in the pipeline are greater than 50%, the dosage of the liquefied preparation can be increased, that is, the liquefied preparation and the solidified preparation are compounded at a weight ratio of 8:2~7:3; when the wax is greater than 50% %, the amount of liquefied preparation can be reduced, that is, the liquefied preparation and solidified preparation can be compounded at a weight ratio of 6:4~5:5, and the compounding ratio can be adjusted as appropriate in other cases. When diluting with water, the actual amount of water added can be adjusted according to the dirt in the pipeline. Generally, the concentration of the cleaning agent is about 50%.
本发明的优点在于采用物理化学方法联合清理，可远程监控、智能调节清管器的行进速度，准确确定管内清洗液对残留物的溶解时间，保证了管道的清洗效果，管道内的残留油液和清洗废液分别进行不落地收集，实现了从源头上杜绝污染。专用清洗剂可保证废弃管道内的牢固性残留物高效、快速、彻底溶解，配合洁净水清洗，使废弃管道清理后达到了管内无蜡、无油污、无垢，可呈现金属本色的效果。The advantage of the present invention is that combined cleaning with physical and chemical methods can remotely monitor and intelligently adjust the speed of the pig, accurately determine the time for the cleaning liquid in the pipe to dissolve the residue, and ensure the cleaning effect of the pipeline. And the cleaning waste liquid is collected separately without falling to the ground, which realizes the elimination of pollution from the source. The special cleaning agent can ensure that the solid residues in the waste pipes are efficiently, quickly and completely dissolved. With clean water cleaning, the waste pipes can be cleaned without wax, oil and dirt, and can show the effect of the original metal color.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的清洗现场示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cleaning site of the present invention.
图2是本发明采用的清管列车结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the pigging train adopted in the present invention.
图3是图2中直板式清管器的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the straight plate pig in Fig. 2 .
图4是图2中直板+皮碗混合式清管器的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig in Fig. 2 .
图5~图11是采用本发明清洗工艺清洗管道的实例附图。Fig. 5 ~ Fig. 11 are the example drawings of cleaning pipelines by the cleaning process of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的清洗工艺做更加详细的说明。The cleaning process of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明所述的废弃原油管道的无害化清洗工艺包括下述步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the harmless cleaning process of the abandoned crude oil pipeline of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步，为保证清洗工作的顺利进行，首先要对废弃管道1探测定位。施工机具应于开工前两天全部到位，在清理管道的两端开挖操作坑，平整操作坑内场地。In the first step, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the cleaning work, it is first necessary to detect and locate the abandoned pipeline 1 . The construction machinery and tools should be in place two days before the start of construction, excavate the operation pit at both ends of the cleaning pipeline, and level the site in the operation pit.
在地面上靠近废弃管道的两端位置处安装信号接收器2，以确保清洗时对清管器通过情况进行检测；Install signal receivers 2 on the ground close to both ends of the abandoned pipeline to ensure that the passage of the pig is detected during cleaning;
在废弃原油管道的两端分别连接清管器发球筒3和收球筒4，发球筒3连接清洗液注入泵、氮气源、空压机5等设备，其上部设置有压力表3-2，附近设置主控操作柜6；空压机5可根据管道出口端回压智能调节排气量和排气压力，发球筒接气孔（输入氮气或压缩空气）外缘连接一套电磁阀7，电磁阀7信号接口与主控操作柜6相连；收球筒4上部设有两个排气管（一个备用）和压力表4-3，收球筒底部排污阀4-5通过高压软管与外部收油储罐（图中未显示）相连接。The two ends of the abandoned crude oil pipeline are respectively connected to the pigging tube 3 and the ball receiving tube 4, and the tube 3 is connected to cleaning liquid injection pump, nitrogen source, air compressor 5 and other equipment, and the upper part is provided with a pressure gauge 3-2, The main control operation cabinet 6 is set nearby; the air compressor 5 can intelligently adjust the exhaust volume and exhaust pressure according to the back pressure at the outlet end of the pipeline, and a set of solenoid valve 7 is connected to the outer edge of the air hole of the serving cylinder (input nitrogen or compressed air). The signal interface of the valve 7 is connected with the main control operation cabinet 6; two exhaust pipes (one spare) and a pressure gauge 4-3 are arranged on the upper part of the ball receiving cylinder 4, and the drain valve 4-5 at the bottom of the ball collecting cylinder is connected to the external valve through a high-pressure hose. Oil storage tank (not shown in the figure) is connected.
第二步，选择一组直板式清管器（结构如图3所示）和三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器（结构如图4所示）待用；In the second step, select a set of straight plate pigs (structure shown in Figure 3) and three sets of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs (structure shown in Figure 4) for use;
检测管道中结垢情况，包括垢厚、硬度、分布及性状，配制专用清洗剂：由环己烷、三氯甲烷、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、乳化剂OP-10按1:1:1:1之重量份配制的液化制剂和由硫酸亚铁、硫化钠按1:0.5之重量份配制的固化制剂按8:2~5:5的重量比复配后加适量水稀释而成，固化制剂和液化制剂的比例以及加水量可根据实际管道内结垢物的具体情况决定，一般情况下，当管道内残留物中胶质、沥青质物质大于50%时，可以增大液化制剂的用量，即液化制剂和固化制剂按8:2~7:3的重量比复配；当蜡质大于50%时，可以减小液化制剂的用量，即液化制剂和固化制剂按6:4~5:5的重量比复配即可，或视实际情况酌情调整复配比例。加水稀释时，实际加水量可根据管道内污垢性状进行调整，一般情况下，清洗剂的浓度为50%左右（加水量和专用清洗剂按1:1之比例配置）。Detect the fouling in the pipeline, including scale thickness, hardness, distribution and properties, and prepare a special cleaning agent: cyclohexane, chloroform, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and emulsifier OP-10 at a ratio of 1:1:1: The liquefied preparation prepared by 1 part by weight and the solidified preparation prepared by ferrous sulfate and sodium sulfide at a weight ratio of 1:0.5 are compounded at a weight ratio of 8:2 to 5:5 and then diluted with an appropriate amount of water. The solidified preparation The ratio of liquefied agent to liquefied agent and the amount of water added can be determined according to the actual scale in the pipeline. Generally, when the colloid and asphaltene in the residue in the pipeline are greater than 50%, the amount of liquefied agent can be increased. That is, the liquefied preparation and the solidified preparation are compounded at a weight ratio of 8:2~7:3; when the wax is greater than 50%, the amount of the liquefied preparation can be reduced, that is, the liquefied preparation and the solidified preparation are mixed at a ratio of 6:4~5:5 The weight ratio can be compounded, or the compounding ratio can be adjusted as appropriate according to the actual situation. When diluting with water, the actual amount of water added can be adjusted according to the properties of the dirt in the pipeline. Generally, the concentration of the cleaning agent is about 50% (the amount of water added and the special cleaning agent are configured at a ratio of 1:1).
当废弃管道内已经注有氮气进行保护时，打开发球筒3的排气管阀门3-5，缓慢排放管道内的氮气，使管道中的压力降为大气压；若废弃管道内未注氮气时，此步骤省略；关闭收球筒4的端部快开盲板4-4；When the waste pipeline has been injected with nitrogen for protection, open the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 of the ball barrel 3, and slowly discharge the nitrogen in the pipeline to reduce the pressure in the pipeline to atmospheric pressure; if no nitrogen is injected in the waste pipeline, This step is omitted; close the quick-opening blind plate 4-4 at the end of the receiving tube 4;
第三步，利用气体检测仪对发球筒3附近含氧量进行检测，合格后打开发球筒3端部的快开盲板3-1，将端头部位安装有信号发射器（与信号接收器2配合使用）的直板式清管器9和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10依次间隔放入发球筒3内，关闭发球筒3的快开盲板3-1；打开发球筒3顶部的注液支管阀门3-4和排气管阀门3-5（排气用，以保证清洗剂充满管段空间），将配制好的专用清洗剂从注液支管中注满直板式清管器9和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10之间的管腔，专用清洗剂液柱11的长度为15m±1m（针对DN 700的管道，用量约6m3），然后停止注液；The third step is to use a gas detector to detect the oxygen content near the ball barrel 3. After passing the test, open the quick-opening blind plate 3-1 at the end of the ball barrel 3, and install a signal transmitter (connected with the signal receiver) at the end of the ball barrel. The straight plate type pipe pig 9 and the first group of straight plate + leather bowl mixed type pipe pig 10 are put into the service cylinder 3 at intervals in sequence, close the quick opening blind plate 3-1 of the service cylinder 3; open the service cylinder Fill the liquid injection branch pipe valve 3-4 and the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 on the top of cylinder 3 (for exhaust to ensure that the cleaning agent fills the pipe section space), and fill the straight plate cleaning agent with the prepared special cleaning agent from the liquid injection branch pipe. For the lumen between the pipe cleaner 9 and the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig 10, the length of the special cleaning agent liquid column 11 is 15m±1m (for DN 700 pipeline, the amount is about 6m 3 ), and then stop injection;
第四步，关闭发球筒3顶部的注液支管阀门3-4和排气管阀门3-5，打开收球筒4上部的排气管阀门4-1或/和4-2（视实际需要开启一个或两个）；开启发球筒3上的氮气注入阀门3-3，充入的氮气将直板式清管器9、专用清洗剂液柱11和第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10向管道内推入20m左右后，停止充氮气，并关闭收球筒4的排气管阀门4-1或/和4-2；The fourth step is to close the liquid injection branch valve 3-4 and the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 on the top of the ball receiving cylinder 3, and open the exhaust pipe valve 4-1 or/and 4-2 on the upper part of the ball receiving cylinder 4 (depending on actual needs) open one or two); open the nitrogen injection valve 3-3 on the serving cylinder 3, the charged nitrogen will straight plate pig 9, special cleaning agent liquid column 11 and the first group of straight plate + leather bowl mixed type pigging After the device 10 is pushed into the pipeline for about 20m, stop nitrogen filling, and close the exhaust pipe valve 4-1 or/and 4-2 of the ball collecting cylinder 4;
第五步，打开发球筒3的排气管阀门3-5，缓慢排放管腔内的氮气，至管腔内压力降为大气压时，再次对发球筒3附近的含氧量进行监测，必要时做排风处理直至合格；打开发球筒3的快开盲板3-1，依次间隔装入第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器12和第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器13（此时，在第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10和第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器12之间形成压缩氮气气柱14），关闭发球筒3的快开盲板3-1；打开发球筒3顶部的注液支管阀门3-4和排气管阀门3-5，将洁净水从注液支管中注满第二组直板+皮碗混式清管器12和第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器13之间的管腔，洁净水液柱15的长度为20m±1m（对于DN700的管道，用量约8m3）；The fifth step is to open the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 of the tee 3, slowly discharge the nitrogen in the lumen, and when the pressure in the lumen drops to atmospheric pressure, monitor the oxygen content near the tee 3 again, and if necessary Do exhaust air treatment until it is qualified; open the quick-opening blind plate 3-1 of the ball barrel 3, and install the second set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig 12 and the third set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig at intervals 13 (at this time, a compressed nitrogen gas column 14 is formed between the first group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs 10 and the second group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs 12), close the quick opening of the serving cylinder 3 Blind plate 3-1; open the liquid injection branch pipe valve 3-4 and the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 on the top of the tee 3, and fill the second group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig with clean water from the liquid injection branch pipe For the lumen between 12 and the third group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pigs 13, the length of the clean water column 15 is 20m±1m (for DN700 pipelines, the amount used is about 8m 3 );
第六步，关闭发球筒3顶部的注液支管阀门3-4和排气管阀门3-5，开启收球筒4的排气管阀门4-1或/和4-2；自发球筒3上的氮气注入阀门3-3处通入压缩空气作为动力，推动由四组清管器和依次设置在四组清管器之间的专用清洗剂液柱11、压缩氮气气柱14和洁净水液柱15组成的清管列车在管道内缓慢移动，对粘附在管道内壁上的残留物进行充分的浸泡和清洗；The sixth step is to close the liquid injection branch valve 3-4 and the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 on the top of the serving cylinder 3, and open the exhaust pipe valve 4-1 or/and 4-2 of the receiving cylinder 4; The nitrogen injection valve 3-3 on the top is fed with compressed air as power to push the four sets of pigs and the special cleaning agent liquid column 11, compressed nitrogen gas column 14 and clean water arranged between the four sets of pigs in sequence. The pigging train composed of liquid column 15 moves slowly in the pipeline, fully soaking and cleaning the residue adhered to the inner wall of the pipeline;
为保证管道内污垢能被清洗剂充分溶解，清管列车在管道内移动的速度及所在位置的监控，由远程控制系统完成：直板清管器9的端头处安装有智能信号发射器，其发出的电信号，由沿程跟踪的人员携带（或车载）移动式地面跟踪接收仪8近距离接收后，通过无线网络发送给设在发球筒端的主控操作柜6的主接收器，通过与之连接的运算器的处理，生成数字信号和相应的电信号，数字信号可以输出、查看，电信号传递给与之相连的电磁阀7，电磁阀7接收信号后通过调节阀芯开启度，引起管道内压力的变化，反馈给空压机5，从而调节空压机5的排量和扬程。另外，在管道两端位置处设置的信号接收器2，其获取的信号与移动式地面跟踪接收仪8近距离接收的信号进行验证，确认清管器离开发球筒3和接近收球筒4，便于掌握下一步骤操作的时间节点。In order to ensure that the dirt in the pipeline can be fully dissolved by the cleaning agent, the monitoring of the speed and position of the pigging train moving in the pipeline is completed by the remote control system: an intelligent signal transmitter is installed at the end of the straight pipe pig 9, and its The electric signal sent out is carried (or mounted) by the mobile ground tracking receiver 8 received at close range by the personnel tracking along the route, and then sent to the main receiver of the main control operation cabinet 6 located at the end of the serving tube through the wireless network. The processing of the connected arithmetic unit generates digital signals and corresponding electrical signals. The digital signals can be output and viewed, and the electrical signals are transmitted to the solenoid valve 7 connected to it. After receiving the signal, the solenoid valve 7 adjusts the opening of the valve core to cause Changes in the pressure in the pipeline are fed back to the air compressor 5, thereby adjusting the displacement and head of the air compressor 5. In addition, the signal receiver 2 installed at the two ends of the pipeline is verified with the signal received by the mobile ground tracking receiver 8 at a short distance to confirm that the pig is away from the ball cylinder 3 and close to the ball cylinder 4, It is convenient to grasp the time node of the next step operation.
一般情况下，清管列车的运行速度保持在0.5m/s左右，推动力不超过1.0 MPa。In general, the running speed of the pigging train is kept at about 0.5m/s, and the driving force does not exceed 1.0 MPa.
第七步，通过对移动式地面跟踪接收仪8与收球筒4处的信号接收器2的信号进行验证，当废弃管道内的残留物被直板式清管器9推至收球筒4时，及时打开底部排污阀4-5，排出的残留物通过高压软管流入收油储罐中被收集处理（排出的残留物中含有蜡质、胶质、沥青质以及管道的锈蚀物等，排出后进行不落地收集，加入适量破乳剂等运送到附近的油田联合站或者油库进行后续处理）；收油完毕，再将高压软管与污水罐连通（准备接清洗废液），此时第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10前行，清洗废液通过高压软管流入污水罐，实现清洗废液的不落地收集（由于清洗废液中含有一定成分的石油类物质，同时pH值较高，具有较大的腐蚀性，现场进行初步中和处理后，运送到协议单位进行处理），保证清洗施工现场的环境不被污染；此时从发球筒处继续缓缓注入压缩空气，推动直板式清管器9行至收球筒快开盲板4-4处；The seventh step is to verify the signals of the mobile ground tracking receiver 8 and the signal receiver 2 at the receiver 4, when the residue in the waste pipeline is pushed to the receiver 4 by the straight plate pig 9 , open the bottom drain valve 4-5 in time, and the discharged residue flows into the oil storage tank through the high-pressure hose to be collected and processed (the discharged residue contains wax, colloid, asphaltene and corrosion of the pipeline, etc. Finally, collect without landing, add an appropriate amount of demulsifier, etc., and transport it to the nearby oil field joint station or oil depot for subsequent processing); The straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig 10 moves forward, and the cleaning waste liquid flows into the sewage tank through the high-pressure hose to realize the collection of the cleaning waste liquid without landing (because the cleaning waste liquid contains a certain amount of petroleum substances, and the pH value It is relatively high and highly corrosive, after preliminary neutralization treatment on site, it will be transported to the agreement unit for treatment) to ensure that the environment of the cleaning construction site will not be polluted; at this time, continue to slowly inject compressed air from the serving cylinder to push The straight plate pig 9 goes to the quick opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving cylinder;
第八步，当清洗废液排放完毕，关闭压缩空气阀门，停止注入压缩空气，打开发球筒排气管阀门3-5，使管道内压力降为大气压后，打开收球筒4的快开盲板4-4，取出直板式清管器9后，将收球筒的快开盲板4-4关闭；The eighth step, when the cleaning waste liquid is discharged, close the compressed air valve, stop injecting the compressed air, open the ball cylinder exhaust pipe valve 3-5, and after the pressure in the pipeline is reduced to atmospheric pressure, open the quick opening blind of the ball receiving cylinder 4. Plate 4-4, after taking out the straight plate type pipe pig 9, close the quick opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving cylinder;
第九步，打开压缩空气阀门，继续给管道内注入压缩空气，此时要严格控制注气压力和注入量，注意收球筒4底部排液管4-5的情况，关注其排出的少量氮气会不会造成污水管喷溅；当第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10进入收球筒4并前行至收球筒快开盲板4-4处后，停止注入压缩空气，打开发球筒3的排气管阀门3-5，使管道内压力降为大气压后，打开收球筒4的快开盲板4-4，取出第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10后，将收球筒的快开盲板4-4关闭；The ninth step is to open the compressed air valve and continue to inject compressed air into the pipeline. At this time, the injection pressure and injection volume must be strictly controlled. Pay attention to the situation of the drain pipe 4-5 at the bottom of the ball collecting cylinder 4, and pay attention to the small amount of nitrogen discharged from it. Will it cause the sewage pipe to splash; when the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe cleaner 10 enters the ball collection cylinder 4 and moves forward to the quick opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball collection cylinder, stop injecting compressed air, Open the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 of the serving cylinder 3, after reducing the pressure in the pipeline to atmospheric pressure, open the quick-opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving cylinder 4, and take out the first set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig 10 Finally, close the quick opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving tube;
按上述方法继续给管道注入压缩空气，使第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器12行至收球筒快开盲板4-4处，排出清洗水废液（清洗水废液中含有极少量的石油类和其他杂质，不落地收集后运送至当地的工业废水处理处，处理合格后外排）；待清洗水废液排完后，第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器13行至收球筒快开盲板4-4处，此时停止注入压缩空气，打开发球筒3的排气管阀门3-5和收球筒4的排气管阀门4-1或/和4-2，使整体管道内的压力降为大气压后，打开收球筒4的快开盲板4-4，取出第三组直板+皮碗式清管器13，管道清洗工作完成。Continue to inject compressed air into the pipeline according to the above method, so that the second group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pig 12 can go to the 4-4 place of the quick-opening blind plate of the ball collection tube, and discharge the cleaning water and waste liquid (the cleaning water and waste liquid contains A very small amount of petroleum and other impurities will be collected without landing and then transported to the local industrial wastewater treatment place, and discharged after passing the treatment); after the cleaning water and waste liquid are discharged, the third set of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe cleaners 13. Go to the quick opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving cylinder, stop injecting compressed air at this time, open the exhaust pipe valve 3-5 of the ball receiving cylinder 3 and the exhaust pipe valve 4-1 of the ball receiving cylinder 4 or/and 4-2. After the pressure in the overall pipeline is reduced to atmospheric pressure, open the quick-opening blind plate 4-4 of the ball receiving tube 4, take out the third set of straight plates + leather bowl pigs 13, and the pipeline cleaning work is completed.
采用本发明方法对国内某废弃输油线1km长度的管段（DN700）进行残留物清洗，清洗质量达到了管内无蜡、无油污、无垢，见金属本色的效果。The method of the present invention is used to clean the 1km-long pipe section (DN700) of an abandoned oil pipeline in China, and the cleaning quality has reached the effect of no wax, no oil, no scale in the pipe, and the effect of seeing the natural color of metal.
该次试验所选管段为废弃输油管道48#-49#里程桩之间的管段，该段管道管径720mm，2014年停输扫线并氮气微正压封存。由于该管道选择试验段距离出站端较远，且处于相对低点，加上其后面的管段大多数为近年来新更换管道（新换管段结蜡很少），所以理论上是结蜡及残油较多的管段，故选择该管段作为验证清洗效果的试验管段。The pipe section selected for this test is the pipe section between the 48#-49# mileage piles of the abandoned oil pipeline. The pipe diameter of this section is 720mm. Since the selected test section of the pipeline is far away from the outbound end and is at a relatively low point, and most of the pipeline sections behind it are newly replaced pipelines in recent years (there is very little wax deposition in the newly replaced pipeline sections), so in theory, wax deposition and The pipe section with more residual oil is selected as the test pipe section to verify the cleaning effect.
图5为清洗前管道内残留物的情况，从图中可看出在管底上残留有少量粘稠度较高的残留物。Figure 5 shows the situation of the residues in the pipeline before cleaning. It can be seen from the figure that a small amount of residue with high viscosity remains on the bottom of the tube.
图6为清洗前管道内的固体残留物，从图中可看出在管壁上附着有较厚的污垢（主要为结蜡）,最薄处3mm，最厚处达7mm。Figure 6 shows the solid residue in the pipeline before cleaning. It can be seen from the figure that there is thick dirt (mainly wax deposition) attached to the pipe wall, the thinnest part is 3mm, and the thickest part reaches 7mm.
图7为从收球筒4取出的直板式清管器8，观察其外观状态可以看出，表面包覆有厚厚的污垢，按直板式清管器能将蜡层清理到2mm左右来计算，理论上该步骤可清理出8~9t油泥，实际上清理出了近8吨油泥（主要为残油及蜡状物）。Figure 7 shows the straight pipe pig 8 taken out from the ball collecting cylinder 4. Observing its appearance, it can be seen that the surface is covered with thick dirt. It is calculated that the straight pipe pig can clean the wax layer to about 2mm , Theoretically, this step can clean up 8~9 tons of sludge, and actually clean up nearly 8 tons of sludge (mainly residual oil and wax).
图8为从收球筒4取出的第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10，观察其外观状态可以看出，表面的污垢明显减少。证明本发明配制的专用清洗剂可强力溶解废弃管道内的污垢，溶解后的污垢随清洗废液排出。Fig. 8 shows the first group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe pigs 10 taken out from the ball collecting cylinder 4. It can be seen from the observation of its appearance that the dirt on the surface is significantly reduced. It proves that the special cleaning agent prepared by the invention can strongly dissolve the dirt in the waste pipeline, and the dissolved dirt is discharged along with the cleaning waste liquid.
图9为从收球筒4取出的第二组直板+皮碗混合式清管器12，观察其外观状态可以看出，表面附着的污垢比第一组直板+皮碗混合式清管器10上的更少。Fig. 9 is the second group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe pig 12 taken out from the ball receiving cylinder 4. Observing its appearance state, it can be seen that the dirt attached to the surface is higher than that of the first group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe pig 10. on less.
图10为从收球筒4取出的第三组直板+皮碗混合式清管器13，观察其外观状态可以看出，表面基本没有污垢。Fig. 10 shows the third group of straight plate + leather bowl hybrid pipe pigs 13 taken out from the ball receiving cylinder 4. Observing its appearance, it can be seen that there is basically no dirt on the surface.
图11为清洗后由内窥镜拍出的管道清洗效果图，可以看出，管道内壁无蜡、无油污、无垢，金属本色清晰可见。Figure 11 is a picture of the pipe cleaning effect taken by the endoscope after cleaning. It can be seen that the inner wall of the pipe has no wax, no oil, no dirt, and the natural color of the metal is clearly visible.
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