CN106730065B - Negative pressure generating system and negative pressure generating method - Google Patents
Negative pressure generating system and negative pressure generating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106730065B CN106730065B CN201710034306.2A CN201710034306A CN106730065B CN 106730065 B CN106730065 B CN 106730065B CN 201710034306 A CN201710034306 A CN 201710034306A CN 106730065 B CN106730065 B CN 106730065B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 claims description 43
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 16
- 210000003019 respiratory muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003489 abdominal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003183 myoelectrical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007383 nerve stimulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003105 phrenic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003601 intercostal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A61M1/0023—
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
- A61M1/73—Suction drainage systems comprising sensors or indicators for physical values
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
- A61M1/74—Suction control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/08—Other bio-electrical signals
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
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- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a negative pressure generating system and a negative pressure generating method, wherein the negative pressure generating system comprises: the negative pressure cavity is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, wherein the first interface and the second interface are air exhaust interfaces for exhausting air from the negative pressure cavity, and the third interface is directly or indirectly used as a negative pressure interface of a negative pressure generating system; the first air extractor is used for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity through a first interface of the negative pressure cavity, and when the power of the first air extractor is W1, the air flow at the first interface is L1, so that negative pressure P1 is generated; and the second air extractor is used for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity through a second interface of the negative pressure cavity, when the power of the second air extractor is W2, the air flow at the first interface is L2, and negative pressure P2 is generated, wherein L1 is larger than L2, and P1 is smaller than P2. The negative pressure cavity can be pumped to a preset negative pressure P1 by the first air pumping device or the combination of the first air pumping device and the second air pumping device; and then the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P2 by the second air pumping device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a negative pressure generating system and a negative pressure generating method thereof, in particular to a negative pressure generating system and a negative pressure generating method which have high response speed and are convenient to adjust according to needs.
Background
In general, in an existing negative pressure source, a flow parameter and a negative pressure parameter are inversely related at a certain power, and when a flow parameter or a negative pressure parameter is to be changed, for example, a large flow is required and a lower negative pressure is required, the power of the negative pressure source is adjusted or a new negative pressure source is replaced. That is, the existing negative pressure source is limited by its own performance, and its application range is small. This results in the existing negative pressure source having at least the following disadvantages:
1. because the flow and the negative pressure value are mutually contained, that is, when the flow reaches the requirement, the negative pressure value which can be reached by the flow can not meet the requirement, and when the negative pressure value reaches the requirement, the flow can not meet the requirement, so that the negative pressure is generated too slowly, and the flow is inapplicable to occasions needing to reach the preset negative pressure value quickly;
2. when a large flow rate is required and a lower negative pressure is required, the flow rate can be achieved only by increasing the power, and at the moment, the noise level and the volume can be unacceptable, and the noise can be out of standard or the volume can be too large to be used.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a negative pressure generating system, in which the flow parameter and the negative pressure parameter can be independently adjusted, and a predetermined negative pressure value can be rapidly reached.
The invention also provides a negative pressure generating method which can quickly reach a preset negative pressure value, and the flow parameter and the negative pressure parameter can be independently adjusted.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
a negative pressure generating system, comprising:
the negative pressure cavity is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, wherein the first interface and the second interface are air extraction interfaces for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity, and the third interface is directly or indirectly used as a negative pressure interface of a negative pressure generating system;
the first air extractor is used for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity through a first interface of the negative pressure cavity, and when the power of the air extractor is W1, the air flow at the first interface is L1, so that negative pressure P1 is generated;
the second air extractor extracts air from the negative pressure cavity through a second interface of the negative pressure cavity, when the power of the second air extractor is W2, the air flow at the first interface is L2, negative pressure P2 is generated,
wherein L1 is greater than L2, |P1| is less than |P2|.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
w1 is greater than, less than, or equal to W2.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
the first air extractor is a negative pressure fan.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
the second air extracting device is an air pump.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
a one-way valve is arranged between the first air extractor and the first interface of the negative pressure cavity to prevent the air from flowing from the first air extractor to the negative pressure cavity.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
a safety valve is arranged in front of the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system and close to the third interface.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system is provided with a pressure sensor.
The negative pressure generating system of one embodiment of the invention further comprises a control center, wherein the control center controls the first air extracting device and the second air extracting device respectively. The flow rate and the negative pressure of the negative pressure generating system may be controlled by controlling W1 and W2, respectively, for example.
A negative pressure generating method, which adopts any one of the negative pressure generating systems,
firstly, the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P1 by the first air pumping device or the combination of the first air pumping device and the second air pumping device;
and then the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P2 by the second air pumping device.
The negative pressure generating method of one embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
the power of the first air extractor and the power of the second air extractor are respectively controlled.
(III) beneficial effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention overcomes the problem that the flow and the negative pressure of the negative pressure source in the prior art are mutually contained because of the inverse relation by means of the matched structure of the first air extractor and the second air extractor, so that the flow parameter and the negative pressure parameter can be independently adjusted, the air in the negative pressure cavity can be extracted at a high flow rate, and the air in the negative pressure cavity can be continuously extracted from the negative pressure cavity by the high vacuum air pump after reaching the preset negative pressure P1 of the first step until reaching the preset negative pressure P2 of the second step, thereby realizing the rapid negative pressure extraction of the negative pressure cavity. Meanwhile, the invention can also adjust the negative pressure value in the negative pressure cavity by respectively adjusting and controlling the power of the first air extractor and the second air extractor, so that the negative pressure value can be maintained at a preset value more easily, the adjustable range is larger, the application range is wider, for example, when the negative pressure needs to be rapidly extracted, the whole volume and the power of the negative pressure generating system can not be obviously increased, and the volume and the noise level can meet the harsher requirements. In particular, the device can be applied to a sputum excretion machine or a breathing machine with sputum excretion function, and can meet the requirements of small volume, low noise, rapid negative pressure pumping and adjustable negative pressure when being used as a negative pressure source.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a negative pressure generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a negative pressure generating method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a negative pressure generating method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an application of the negative pressure generating system in a ventilator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ reference numerals description ]
1: a negative pressure cavity; 2: a negative pressure fan; 3: an air pump; 4: a one-way valve; 5: a safety valve; 6: a pressure sensor; 7: a control center;
a: an expiration sputum excretion module; a1: a negative pressure cavity; a2: a turbine fan; a3: an air pump; a4: a one-way valve; a5: a safety valve; a6: a pressure sensor; a8: a switching valve; a9: a pressure regulating valve; a10: an oscillator; a11: a flow meter; a12: an air pressure sensor;
b: a suction module; b1: a turbine fan; b2: a pressure stabilizing valve; b3: a flow control valve; b4: a flow meter; b5: a mixing chamber; b6: a switch valve; b7: an oscillator; b8: a flow meter; b9: a safety valve; b10: an air pressure sensor; b11: an air pressure sensor; b12: a filter;
c: a control system; d: respiratory muscle synchronous motion module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better explained by the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a negative pressure generating system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the negative pressure cavity is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, wherein the first interface and the second interface are air extraction interfaces for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity, and the third interface is directly or indirectly used as a negative pressure interface of a negative pressure generating system;
the negative pressure fan is used as a first air extractor, the negative pressure cavity is extracted through a first interface of the negative pressure cavity, and when the power of the negative pressure cavity is W1, the gas flow at the first interface is L1, so that negative pressure P1 is generated;
the air pump is used as a second air pumping device to pump air to the negative pressure cavity through a second interface of the negative pressure cavity, when the power of the air pump is W2, the air flow at the first interface is L2, and negative pressure P2 is generated,
wherein, L1 is greater than L2, |P1| is less than |P2|, namely the volume of gas which can be extracted in unit time of the negative pressure fan is greater than the volume of gas which can be extracted in unit time of the air pump, and the vacuum degree which can be extracted by the air pump is higher than that of the negative pressure fan, because the pressure in the negative pressure cavity is higher in the beginning stage of vacuumizing, the gas density is higher, more gas can be extracted in unit time by using the negative pressure fan, and when the pressure in the negative pressure cavity reaches a certain value, the extraction efficiency of the negative pressure fan is gradually reduced until the extraction efficiency is close to, equal to and lower than that of the air pump, and the negative pressure cavity can be continuously vacuumized by the air pump until the preset negative pressure value is reached, thereby shortening the vacuumizing time of the negative pressure cavity.
Wherein, negative pressure fan can be turbine fan.
Preferably, a one-way valve is arranged between the negative pressure fan and the first interface of the negative pressure cavity to prevent gas from flowing from the negative pressure fan to the negative pressure cavity.
In this embodiment, the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system is connected with a pipeline, and a safety valve and a pressure sensor are arranged on the pipeline. Wherein the safety valve is closer to the third port.
In other embodiments, the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system may also be directly used as the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system.
In other embodiments, the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system may not be provided with a safety valve and a pressure sensor, or only one of the safety valve and the pressure sensor may be provided.
The setting position is not limited to the above embodiment, and the safety valve can avoid too high negative pressure, and the pressure sensor can detect the pressure in the negative pressure cavity or the external pressure of the negative pressure generating system.
Preferably, the negative pressure generating system further comprises a control center, the control center controls the first air extracting device and the second air extracting device respectively, so that the vacuumizing efficiency is controlled, the negative pressure P in the negative pressure cavity is regulated, a preset negative pressure value can be reached within preset time according to the requirement, and the volume and noise of the negative pressure generating system are convenient to control.
The power W1 of the negative pressure fan may be greater than, less than, or equal to the power W2 of the air pump.
Referring to fig. 2, a negative pressure generating method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which generates negative pressure using any one of the above negative pressure generating systems, specifically includes:
firstly, pumping the negative pressure cavity to a preset negative pressure P1 by a first air pumping device;
and then the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P2 by the second air pumping device.
Therefore, the invention can quickly generate preset negative pressure, and the volume and the power of the equipment are controllable and adjustable, so that the noise caused by adjusting the power is not excessive.
Referring to fig. 3, a negative pressure generating method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which generates negative pressure using any one of the above negative pressure generating systems, specifically includes:
firstly, the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P1 by the combination of the first air pumping device and the second air pumping device;
and then the negative pressure cavity is pumped to a preset negative pressure P2 by the second air pumping device.
In the negative pressure generating method of any of the above embodiments, preferably, the power of the first air extractor and the power of the second air extractor are controlled respectively, so as to control the vacuum efficiency, and the negative pressure P in the negative pressure cavity is adjusted by this to make it reach the predetermined negative pressure within the predetermined time, and the power of the negative pressure P is controllable and adjustable, so that the negative pressure value is stable.
In order to further explain the negative pressure generating system, the invention also provides the application of the negative pressure generating system in the breathing machine, and the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system is connected with the expiratory sputum excretion module and used as a negative pressure source of the expiratory sputum excretion module.
Referring to fig. 4, the ventilator in the present application example includes a control system C, an inspiration module B, and an expiration and sputum excretion module a, wherein:
the control system C comprises a central control unit, a man-machine interaction interface and a drive of peripheral equipment, and is used for controlling the whole breathing machine, wherein a control center of the negative pressure generating system is also arranged in the control system C;
an inhalation module B for generating a positive pressure flow of air for providing respiratory support to the patient, the inhalation module B being connected to the patient by an inhalation branch;
and the expiration sputum excretion module A is used for exhaling gas by the patient and helping the patient to excrete sputum, and an sputum excretion branch is connected to the patient through the expiration branch.
Wherein, the air suction module B includes: the device comprises an air source or an external air source interface for generating positive pressure air, a high-pressure oxygen interface, an oxygen mixing structure, an oxygen concentration detection mechanism, a switching valve for controlling the communication between an air suction branch and a patient, a pressure limiting valve (a safety valve) B9 for limiting the positive pressure range, an oscillator B7 for enabling air flow oscillation to be generated in the air suction branch, and a switching valve B6 for controlling the communication between the air suction module B and the air suction branch.
Specifically, the air suction module B comprises a turbine fan B1 for obtaining positive pressure air; a pressure stabilizing valve B2 for stabilizing the pressure of the high-pressure oxygen gas inputted; a flow control valve B3 for controlling the flow rate of oxygen and/or air; a flow meter B4 for detecting the amount of oxygen and/or air flow to be mixed; the mixing cavity B5 is used for uniformly mixing oxygen and air; the switch valve B6 is used for controlling the on-off of the air flow of the breathing machine air suction branch; the oscillator B7 is used for generating oscillation of the airflow in the air suction branch, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillator B can be set to be 10-30 Hz; the flowmeter B8 is used for measuring the flow of the gas inhaled during inhalation and calculating the inhalation tidal volume according to the flow; the safety valve B9 is automatically opened when the positive pressure in the air passage is too high, so that the air passage is prevented from being too high, the safety of a patient is protected, and the safety pressure can be set to be 8KPa for example; a filter B12 for filtering oxygen and air entering the respirator; the air pressure sensor B10 is used for monitoring the pressure of air and oxygen entering the breathing machine; the air pressure sensor B11 is used for monitoring the pressure of the mixed gas of oxygen and air.
The oscillator B7 may be set to oscillate during the inspiration phase or only during the breath-hold, or may oscillate all the time or be in an off state all the time.
The expiration sputum excretion module A comprises a negative pressure source, a sputum excretion branch, a switching valve A8, a pressure regulating valve A9 and an expiration branch.
The negative pressure source is the negative pressure generating system in any of the foregoing embodiments, and includes a turbo fan A2, an air pump A3, and a negative pressure cavity A1.
When the air pump is used, the turbine fan A2 rapidly pumps the negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 to a certain negative pressure value, and then the air pump A3 further pumps the pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 to a lower preset negative pressure.
Preferably, the device further comprises a one-way valve A4, a safety valve A5 and a pressure sensor A6.
The expiration and sputum excretion module A comprises a turbofan A2 and is used for generating low-pressure high-flow air flow, for example, the flow rate of more than 150L/min can be generated; an air pump A3 for generating a relatively high negative pressure, e.g. 200cmH 2 Negative pressure of O; the negative pressure cavity A1 is prepared with enough negative pressure and volume before sputum excretion begins, for example, the volume of the negative pressure cavity A1 can be 2-5L; the safety valve A5 is used for preventing the negative pressure of the negative pressure cavity A1 from being too high and protecting the safety of a gas circuit, and when the negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 reaches a certain threshold value, the safety valve (pressure limiting valve) A5 automatically opens and releases pressure; a switching valve A8 for switching the sputum excretion branch and the exhalation branch, wherein the switching valve A8 is closed during normal exhalation, and the negative pressure cavity A1 and the exhalation branchIsolation, switching valve A8 is opened to enable negative pressure cavity A1 to be communicated with the expiratory limb during expectoration; a pressure regulating valve A9 for controlling the negative pressure of the air path in the sputum excretion mode, for example, the negative pressure regulating range is-10 to-150 cmH 2 O, for regulating end-expiratory positive pressure in normal expiratory mode, e.g. positive pressure regulating range of 0-80 cmH 2 O; the oscillator A10 is used for oscillating airflow in the airway to promote loosening of sputum, for example, the oscillation frequency can be 10-30 Hz; a flow meter a11 for measuring the flow rate of the gas breathed/discharged at the time of breathing/discharging sputum; a barometric pressure sensor a12 for monitoring the pressure in the expiratory limb; a pressure sensor A6 for monitoring the pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1; a one-way valve A4 allows one-way flow of air from the negative pressure cavity A1 to the turbo fan A2.
When expectoration is started, the turbo fan A2 rapidly pumps the negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 to a certain negative pressure value, then the air pump A3 further pumps the pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 to lower preset negative pressure, and the one-way valve A4 is automatically closed at the moment. In the early stage of the sputum expectoration process, high negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 establishes high-speed cough air flow in the expiration branch, and as the tidal volume of the expiration of the patient increases, the pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 decreases, and the expiration air flow of the patient also begins to decrease. At the later stage of the cough process, when the pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 drops below the suction pressure of the turbofan A2, the one-way valve A4 is opened, and the patient rapidly exhales the residual gas under the action of the turbofan A2. The peak flow rate is then established during the initial cough phase, the later flow rate is reduced, and the pressure is reduced to a lower negative pressure. The airflow waveform is closer to the airflow of normal cough, the later-stage smaller negative pressure is better for protecting the patient, and the whole expiration process of the patient can be felt very smoothly. The negative pressure limiting valve A5 and the sensor A6 can ensure that the negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity A1 is below 20 Kpa.
When the switching valve A8 is closed, leakage cannot occur under the pressure of 20 Kpa; when the switching valve A8 is opened, the pressure drop is not more than 1Kpa under the flow rate of 300L/min.
Wherein, positive and negative pressure governing valve A9 contains positive pressure and negative pressure regulation function. When the positive pressure in the expiration branch exceeds the positive pressure upper limit value, the positive pressure port is automatically opened, and when the positive pressure is smaller than the positive pressure upper limit value, the positive pressure port is automatically closed. When the expiratory limb is negative pressure, the positive pressure port is always closed. When the negative pressure in the expiration branch exceeds the negative pressure upper limit value, the negative pressure port is automatically opened, and when the negative pressure is smaller than the negative pressure upper limit value, the negative pressure port is automatically closed. When positive pressure is applied in the expiratory limb, the negative pressure port is always closed.
Wherein the oscillator a10 may be arranged to oscillate during the exhalation phase or be in a closed state.
The breathing machine further comprises a respiratory muscle synchronous motion module D, and the respiratory muscle synchronous motion module D comprises a respiratory muscle electricity detection sub-module and a respiratory muscle stimulation sub-module. The respiratory muscle myoelectricity detection submodule is used for monitoring myoelectricity signals of respiratory muscles and can be used as a reference signal for judging respiratory muscle strength and optimizing man-machine synchronization. The utility model is beneficial to improving ventilation quality, helping recovery of respiratory muscle and improving sputum excretion effect.
Wherein myoelectric detection includes detection of diaphragmatic myoelectricity. The diaphragmatic myoelectricity detection electrode is located at the intersection of the collarbone midline and the seventh eighth intercostal.
The evaluation method of the muscle strength of the patient is that the autonomous breathing ability of the patient is divided into a plurality of stages according to the autonomous breathing ability, the choking force and the diaphragmatic myoelectric signal strength of the patient. The lowest level is completely non-breathing, suggesting the use of control mode ventilation; the highest level is that full spontaneous breathing is possible, and a spontaneous breathing ventilation mode or attempt to take off line is recommended.
Wherein the respiratory muscle stimulation includes phrenic nerve stimulation and abdominal muscle stimulation. The stimulation position of the phrenic nerve stimulation is one third of the lower margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at two sides or the diaphragmatic nerve root at the top; the abdominal muscle stimulating electrode is located at the rectus abdominus muscle and/or the transverse abdominus muscle.
At the beginning of the inspiration process, the control system C controls the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module D to produce the muscular action of inspiration, such as contracting the diaphragm; at the beginning of the exhalation process, the control system C controls the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module D to produce muscle action when exhaling, for example, to contract the abdominal muscle.
In the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module D, the diaphragmatic nerve stimulation mode can be electric stimulation or magnetic stimulation.
In the aspect of parameter setting of the control system C, besides the parameters common to the existing breathing machine, the parameter setting of the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module D also comprises the respiratory tidal volume setting during sputum expectoration, the respiratory pressure setting during sputum expectoration, the negative pressure setting during sputum expectoration, the respiratory airflow oscillation setting, the respiratory muscle synchronous movement module D parameter setting. Wherein the inspiration tidal volume and the inspiration pressure during expectoration are independent of the tidal volume and the inspiration pressure during normal breathing.
In terms of parameter display, waveforms for myoelectric detection and scoring of patient respiratory muscle strength may be displayed in addition to conventional ventilator parameter displays.
The ventilator of the present application example may operate as follows.
During normal breathing, the inhalation phase switching valve B6 is opened, so that the inhalation module B is communicated with a patient through an inhalation branch, positive pressure ventilation is implemented on the patient, the switching valve A8 is closed, and the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve A9 is set as the upper limit of inhalation pressure. The oscillation module B7 starts or shuts down oscillation according to the set value. The control system C controls the ventilation of the air source and valve to the patient, such as the inspiratory tidal volume and inspiratory pressure, according to the set operating modes and parameters, and detects the flow and pressure of positive airway pressure via flow valve B4 and air pressure sensor B11. The gas phase is exhaled, the switch valve B6 is closed, the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve A9 is set to be the end expiratory pressure, and the patient exhales through the expiratory branch and the positive pressure end of the pressure regulating valve A9. During exhalation, the oscillator a10 is turned on or off according to the set value. The control system C controls the pressure regulating valve according to the set mode and parameters, and detects the flow and pressure of the expiratory limb through the flow meter A11 and the air pressure sensor A12.
During cough, the inhalation phase switching valve B6 is opened, the switching valve A8 is closed, the positive pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve A9 is set as the upper limit of inhalation pressure, and the negative pressure upper limit is set as the negative pressure value during expectoration; the oscillation module B7 starts or shuts down oscillation according to the set value. The control system C controls the air source and the valve to ventilate the patient according to the set working mode and parameters, such as the inspiration tidal volume during expectoration and the inspiration pressure setting during expectoration, and detects the flow and the pressure of positive pressure ventilation through the flowmeter B8 and the air pressure sensor B11. The gas phase is breathed, the switch valve B6 is closed, and the negative pressure limit of the pressure regulating valve A9 is set to be the negative pressure value during expectoration. The switching valve A8 is opened quickly, so that the expiration branch gas path is exposed to the negative pressure of the negative pressure cavity A1 suddenly, and high-speed cough gas flow is generated. During a cough, the oscillator a10 is turned on or off according to a set value. The control system C controls the pressure regulating valve according to the set mode and parameters, detects the flow and the pressure of the expiration branch through the flowmeter A11 and the air pressure sensor A12, and immediately closes the switching valve A8 to isolate the patient from the negative pressure cavity A1 when the expiration tidal volume is detected to be close to the tidal volume inhaled by the patient or the expiration flow is smaller than a certain threshold value.
In summary, the negative pressure sputum excretion function of the breathing machine of the application example can simulate the normal cough of a person, solves the problem of difficult sputum excretion of a patient with clinical mechanical ventilation, and the negative pressure generation system can provide timely and stable negative pressure for the patient because the technical problem of the flow and the negative pressure are contained in the prior art is overcome, so that the normal cough of the person can be better simulated, and the sputum excretion effect is better.
Claims (8)
1. A negative pressure generating method, characterized in that a negative pressure generating system is employed, the negative pressure generating system comprising:
the negative pressure cavity is provided with a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, wherein the first interface and the second interface are air extraction interfaces for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity, and the third interface is directly or indirectly used as a negative pressure interface of a negative pressure generating system;
the first air extractor is used for extracting air from the negative pressure cavity through a first interface of the negative pressure cavity, and when the power of the air extractor is W1, the air flow at the first interface is L1, so that negative pressure P1 is generated;
the second air extractor extracts air from the negative pressure cavity through a second interface of the negative pressure cavity, when the power of the air extractor is W2, the air flow at the second interface is L2, and negative pressure P2 is generated,
wherein L1 is greater than L2, |p1| is less than |p2|;
firstly, the negative pressure cavity is pumped to negative pressure P1 by the first air pumping device or the combination of the first air pumping device and the second air pumping device;
when the extraction efficiency of the first air extraction device is gradually reduced to be equal to or lower than that of the second air extraction device, the second air extraction device is used for extracting the negative pressure in the negative pressure cavity to negative pressure P2;
the third interface is connected with an expiration sputum excretion module;
the expiration and sputum excretion module comprises a switching valve, the third interface is communicated with the switching valve, and the switching valve can enable the expiration and sputum excretion module to be switched between an expiration and sputum excretion branch;
when the expiration and sputum excretion module is switched to the sputum excretion branch, the negative pressure cavity is communicated with the expiration branch, and when the expiration and sputum excretion module is switched to the expiration branch, the negative pressure cavity is isolated from the expiration branch;
the negative pressure generating system further comprises a control center, and the control center controls the first air extractor and the second air extractor respectively.
2. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
w1 is greater than, less than, or equal to W2.
3. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first air extractor is a negative pressure fan.
4. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
the second air extracting device is an air pump.
5. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
a one-way valve is arranged between the first air extractor and the first interface of the negative pressure cavity to prevent the air from flowing from the first air extractor to the negative pressure cavity.
6. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
a safety valve is arranged in front of the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system and close to the third interface.
7. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
the negative pressure interface of the negative pressure generating system is provided with a pressure sensor.
8. The negative pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein:
the power of the first air extractor and the power of the second air extractor are respectively controlled.
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| CN108211022A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-29 | 绵阳美科电子设备有限责任公司 | A kind of automatic sputum elimination machine and its method of work |
| CN113741151A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-03 | 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 | Mask plate shaping device, mask plate shaping method and photoetching machine |
| CN111658858A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-15 | 常州市第一人民医院 | Multifunctional portable sputum aspirator |
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