CN106702235B - A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy - Google Patents
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials technical fields, and in particular to a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy.Solve the problems, such as the aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof for being to provide a kind of high-intensitive high-fracture toughness.Specifically, the technical solution used are as follows: a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.2-1%, Zn3-6%, Mg1-2%, Zr0.5-1%, Fe < 0.1%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.The intensity of aluminium alloy, in the case where 0.2-1% is the cooperation of other alloying elements, while realizing effective promotion aluminium alloy fracture toughness, is also maintained at 500MPa or more by the content of strict control Sc element by the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials technical fields, and in particular to a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy.
Background technique
The features such as aluminum alloy materials are high with its specific strength, material property is stable, weldability is good, tenable environment range is wide,
It is widely used in aerospace field, such as aircraft skin, stringer, the components such as wing flap and rocket cabin, fuel tank, on
Face grade, the structures such as large-scale manned sealed compartment.With persistently increasing for space junk, space environment is continuous worsening, and spacecraft faces
Be significantly increased by collision probability, therefore increasingly higher demands are proposed to the service safety of material.Wherein fracture toughness
It is the key factor for evaluating crack initiation and propagation ability, occupies consequence in safety examination.But current state
The fracture toughness of inside and outside Aluminium Alloys in Common Use is often very low, as shown in table 1.The fracture of traditional 7XXX system and 2XXX line aluminium alloy is tough
Property all only have 30 MPam1/2Left and right is far from satisfying requirement of the increasingly severe space environment to safety of being on active service.Therefore,
In the aluminium alloy for considering that exploitation is also needed to be provided simultaneously with good fracture toughness other than traditional high-intensity and high-tenacity aluminium alloy, that is, have
There is the aluminium alloy of high combination property.
The fracture toughness of the domestic and international common aerospace aluminium alloy of table 1
Usually, fracture toughness declines with the strength enhancing of material.Such as Fig. 1 " fracture toughness and surrender of material
Shown in relationship between intensity ", for the metals such as steel, titanium, aluminium, magnesium and its alloy, with the raising of yield strength, fracture
Downward trend is all presented in toughness, and therefore, how to improve the intensity, plasticity and fracture toughness of alloy simultaneously is one studied at present
Difficult point.For fracture toughness, its influence factor mainly includes impurity content, the second phase size and distribution, solid solution element
Content, degree of recrystallization etc..The second phase small and dispersed and with aluminum substrate coherence most importantly wherein is formed, is recognized
For the most effective means for being exploitation high combination property aluminium alloy.
Scandium has very high fusing point and boiling point as important rare earth element and transition.Scandium (Sc) is to be so far
The element best to aluminum grain refinement effect only found, the Sc that micro (some thousandths of) is added in aluminium alloy can
The performance of alloy is improved significantly.For example, the mechanical strength of aluminium-scandium alloy can increase by 20% compared with other high-strength aluminum alloys
~50%, this is because the addition of Sc element forms the nascent A1 of a large amount of Dispersed precipitates3Sc particle provides core for crystallization
The heart, and A13Sc particle is L12 crystal structure, there was only about 1.5% mismatch with base aluminum, and density in the base is higher,
Therefore in eutectic temperature hereinafter, nascent A13Sc particle is the preferentially forming core place of α-Al, is effective heterogeneous nucleation, can
It is substantially reduced crystallite dimension, forms splendid aplitic texture, crystal grain refinement phenomenon is very significant under as cast condition state.So adding
Enter the A1 by the way that scandium formation and the basic coherence of base aluminum is added3Sc is the optimal selection for developing high combination property aluminium alloy.Its
In, the welding performance of Al-Mg-Sc alloy is excellent, and Thermal cracking phenomenon is reduced, while plasticity, durability, ratio of briquetting have in various degree
Raising, still keep superplasticity in high-temperature region.For almag, the addition of Microamounts of Scandium element is (about
0.3%) for the crystal grain significant effect of refinement as cast condition almag, intensity, toughness, hardness, resistance to crack extension ability are being improved
And while other mechanical performances, the thermal stability and solderability of alloy can also be improved.
Therefore, in developed countries such as Russia, the U.S., France, Al-Mg-Sc alloy has been used to the lotus of aerospace field
The thermonuclear reactor component of weight structure part and anti-neutron irradiation damage, especially Russia have developed 01515,01523,
A series of Al-Mg-Sc alloy of trades mark such as 01535,01545,01570 is applied to Tank of Spacecraft, heat exchanger, instrument board, instrument
The bearing member (beam and bracket) in table cabin etc..Airbus France developed AA5024 H116 Al-Mg-Sc alloy (Sc:
0.1%-0.4%), has middle high intensity, high damage tolerance is very potential fuselage skin material, can be substituted for passing
System 2xxx line aluminium alloy, has been included in the AIMS03-01-055 material purchases book of company.Although China is scandium element
There are mineral products containing scandium abundant in resource big country on Inner Mongolia White cloud pile of stones, earth or grass, Sichuan and other places.But China is for aluminium-magnesium-scandium
The research and development of alloy are still in infancy, only Shanghai Communications University, Central South University, Jilin University, the limited duty of northeast light-alloy
Ren company, the minority unit such as southwestern Aluminum have carried out exploratory development to the exploitation of aluminium-scandium alloy.Table 2 is existing Al-Mg-Sc alloy
Performance is summarized.
The performance comparison of the existing Al-Mg-Sc alloy of table 2
In general, also very unmature for the exploration of Al-Mg-Sc alloy system both at home and abroad, it is unable to satisfy existing boat
Requirement of the empty space flight for material high combination property.Therefore the resources advantage for giving full play to China, researches and develops high performance aluminium-magnesium-scandium
Alloy is very urgent, and the research and development of the alloy will successfully promote China's aerospace material level, promotes aerospace cause
High speed development.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy of high-intensitive high-fracture toughness and its
Preparation method.
Specifically, the technical solution used are as follows:
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.2-1%, Zn3-6%,
Mg1-2%, Zr0.5-1%, Fe < 0.1%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Further, in order to by alloy Fe content control 0.1% hereinafter, addition alloying element except Zn, Mg, Sc,
Outside Zr, the Mn of 0.5-1% should also be added.
Fe is impurity element in the present invention, and Sc, Zn, Mg, Zr, Mn are to need alloying element to be added.
The performance of aluminium alloy of the present invention can achieve: yield strength > 500MPa, tensile strength > 530MPa, stretch >
7%, fracture toughness >=50MPam1/2。
Aluminium alloy of the invention prepares basic demand are as follows: 1. the content of strict control Sc is between 0.2-1%；2. reducing miscellaneous
The content of prime element adds Mn element to make Fe < 0.1%, and the content of impurity element can also be reduced using other methods；3. using dividing
The intensity and fracture toughness that the mode of section heat treatment improves casting are then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness such as 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h
20-30min, finally in 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
The present invention can be prepared in the following manner:
1) quality of intermediate alloy needed for calculating according to the ratio, stocks up.Alloy element Zn, Mg, Sc, Mn are with intermediate alloy
Form addition, Zr adds in the form of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloy.
Smelting furnace needs are cleaned out, and remaining alloy is avoided to influence the performance of alloy.
2) after aluminium ingot surface clean is clean, aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace (shaft furnace) crucible and carries out melting, smelting temperature
It is 690-710 DEG C.
3) when temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, Al-Zn intermediate alloy, the Al-Mg alloy after drying are added to molten aluminum
In；
Molten aluminum is warming up to 750 DEG C, and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy are added together
Enter into molten aluminum, keep the temperature, soaking time, which is subject to, can be such that the raw material of addition all melts, and can such as keep the temperature 15-20min.
4) raw material all fusing after, it is successively refined, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, casting, obtain aluminium alloy castings.
Further, refinement step is carried out under the conditions of 750 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid using the dedicated refining agent of aluminium alloy.Refining
With refining spoon, stirring certain time keeps alloy refining abundant up and down in the process.It is cooled to 730 DEG C of heat preservations after refining, stands 5 minutes,
So that field trash is adequately floated or is sunk, then carries out pulling out slag.The type of refining agent and dosage are selected as this field routine
Technological means does not become limitation of the present invention.
Further, the molten aluminum after refining carries out Metamorphism treatment at 730 DEG C, and Al-5Ti-B and Al-Sr is added and is become
Matter stands 10 minutes after stirring sufficiently.Slag is pulled out after standing, removes surface scale and impurities at bottom.The dosage of alterant is this
Field conventional technical means does not become limitation of the present invention.
Temperature of aluminum liquid after refining, being rotten is down to 700 DEG C of preparations casting.Metal gravity pouring technology can be used,
Casting mold is warming up to 200 DEG C in an oven, and molten aluminum is added among mold with scoop, and after the mold is cooled, casting takes out, inspection
Ergometry performance.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention by the content of strict control Sc element in 0.2-1%, by A13Sc
The size controlling of particle is cooperated in particular range, and with other alloying elements, realizes effective promotion aluminium alloy
While fracture toughness, the intensity of aluminium alloy is also maintained at 500MPa or more.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the relationship between the fracture toughness and yield strength of material.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art that the present invention be more fully understood, but not limit in any way
The present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.5%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.5%, Fe0.085%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Its fracture toughness is 51 MPam1/2。
Mechanical property under its different conditions is as shown in table 3,
Mechanical property under the aluminium alloy different conditions of 3 embodiment 1 of table
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.5%, Zn3%,
Mg1.5%, Zr0.5%, Mn0.8%, Fe0.087%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.8%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.8%, Mn0.7%, Fe0.082%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 4
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.2%, Zn4%,
Mg1.2%, Zr0.6%, Fe0.094%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 5
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.4%, Zn3%,
Mg1.4%, Zr0.7%, Fe0.083%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 6
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.6%, Zn4.7%,
Mg1.8%, Zr0.6%, Fe0.088%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 7
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.7%, Zn5.2%,
Mg1.6%, Zr1%, Fe0.091%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 8
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.8%, Zn6%, Mg1%,
Zr0.9%, Fe0.073%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 9
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc1%, Zn4.5%,
Mg1.5%, Zr0.5%, Fe0.088%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 10
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.6%, Zn4%,
Mg1.5%, Zr1%, Mn0.6%, Fe0.093%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 11
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.3%, Zn5%, Mg2%,
Zr0.5%, Mn0.5%, Fe0.075%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Embodiment 12
A kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, the ingredient including following mass percentage: Sc0.7%, Zn4.2%,
Mg1%, Zr0.8%, Mn1%, Fe0.077%, surplus are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
Aluminium alloy described in above-described embodiment the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) quality of intermediate alloy needed for calculating according to the ratio or pure elemental metal, stocks up, and shaft furnace furnace is clear
Reason is clean.In alloying element, Zn, Mg, Sc, Mn are added in the form of intermediate alloy, and Zr is added in the form of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloy
Add；
2) after aluminium ingot surface clean is clean, aluminium ingot is put into shaft furnace crucible and carries out melting, smelting temperature 690-710
℃；
3) when temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, Al-Zn intermediate alloy, the Al-Mg alloy after drying are added to molten aluminum
In；
Molten aluminum is warming up to 750 DEG C, and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Mn intermediate alloy are added together
Enter into molten aluminum, keep the temperature 15min, melts the intermediate alloy being added all；
4) raw material all fusing after, it is successively refined, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, casting, obtain aluminium alloy castings.
It when temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 750 DEG C, is initially added into the dedicated refining agent of aluminium alloy and is refined, with refining in refining process
Spoon refines abundant for stirring 5 minutes to alloy up and down.Refining be cooled to 730 DEG C of heat preservations, standing 5 minutes, make field trash it is sufficient on
Floating or sinking, then carries out pulling out slag.
Metamorphism treatment is carried out at 730 DEG C of temperature of aluminum liquid, and Al-5Ti-B and Al-Sr is added and goes bad, it is quiet after stirring sufficiently
It sets 10 minutes.Slag is pulled out after standing, removes surface scale and impurities at bottom.
Temperature of aluminum liquid after refining, being rotten is down to 700 DEG C of preparations casting, using metal gravity pouring technology, casting
Mold is warming up to 200 DEG C in an oven, and molten aluminum is added among mold with scoop, and after the mold is cooled, casting takes out post-processing:
120 DEG C of timeliness 16h are then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness 20min, finally in 120 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
The mechanical castings of above-described embodiment 1-12 are detected, index is the fracture toughness at 20 DEG C, As-extruded
Yield strength, tensile strength and the elongation percentage of T6.Specifically it is shown in Table 4.
The Mechanical Property in Aluminum Alloy Castings of 4 embodiment 1-12 of table
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the mixing match of above embodiments especially auxiliary agent, is only exemplary embodiment,
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, a variety of variations can be carried out, replaced and changed.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that including aluminum substrate, alloying element and impurity element, alloy
Element includes the Sc0.2-1% of mass percentage, Zn3-6%, Mg1-2%, Zr0.5-1%, Impurity Fe < 0.1%, and surplus is
Aluminium and inevitable other impurities element；
Yield strength > 500MPa of the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy, tensile strength > 530MPa, elongation percentage > 7%, fracture
Toughness >=50MPam1/2；
The preparation method of the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy the following steps are included:
1) raw material dosage is calculated according to the ratio and is stocked up；Smelting furnace is cleaned out；Alloy element Zr is with the shape of pure Zr or Al-Zr alloy
Formula addition, remaining is added in the form of intermediate alloy；
2) aluminium ingot is put into smelting furnace crucible and carries out melting, smelting temperature is 690-710 DEG C；
3) when temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 700 DEG C, Al-Zn intermediate alloy, Al-Mg alloy are added in molten aluminum；Molten aluminum is warming up to
750 DEG C, Al-Sc intermediate alloy, Zr or Al-Zr intermediate alloy are added in molten aluminum together, heat preservation keeps the raw material being added whole
Fusing；
4) raw material all fusing after, it is successively refined, pull out slag, Metamorphism treatment, pull out slag, casting, obtain aluminium alloy castings；
The post processor of aluminium alloy castings are as follows: 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h is then increased to 160 DEG C of timeliness 20-30min, most
Afterwards in 120-125 DEG C of timeliness 16h.
2. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the content of Sc is 0.5-
0.9%。
3. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that alloying element further includes
Mn0.5-1%。
4. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in preparation method: in aluminium
Under the conditions of 750 DEG C of liquid temperature, refined using the dedicated refining agent of aluminium alloy.
5. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in preparation method: refining
After be cooled to 730 DEG C of heat preservations, stand after five minutes, carry out pulling out slag.
6. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in preparation method: rotten
Treatment temperature is 730 DEG C, and alterant is Al-5Ti-B and Al-Sr.
7. a kind of high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminium alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in preparation method: casting
Temperature is 700 DEG C.
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| CN107058829A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-08-18 | 桂林理工大学 | High-performance with ultra-fine grained structure contains the high zinc wrought aluminium alloy of scandium and preparation method |
| CN108441659B (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2020-06-02 | 浙江强广剑精密铸造股份有限公司 | Smelting process of high-strength high-toughness die-casting A356 aluminum alloy |
| CN109055837B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-04-21 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | 7XXX weldable corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy containing Sc and Er and preparation method thereof |
| CN110093537A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-06 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of high-fracture toughness Al-Mg-Sc alloy bar and preparation method thereof |
| CN110184515B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-02-09 | 天津忠旺铝业有限公司 | Preparation process of ultra-wide aluminum alloy plate for rocket fuel tank |
| CN113444938A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-28 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy supporting groove of high-speed train and preparation method thereof |
| CN114214547B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-08-23 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Aluminum-zinc-magnesium-scandium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN118932231B (en) * | 2024-10-15 | 2025-02-14 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | High strength and damage resistant 2xxx series aluminum alloys |
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| CN100557053C (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-11-04 | 中南大学 | High-strength, high-toughness, corrosion-resistant Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu) alloy |
| CN101705401A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 北京工业大学 | Rare earth Er microalloyed Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy and preparation method thereof |
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