CN106702221A - Technology for processing lightweight anti-crack aluminum alloy for manufacturing vehicle body - Google Patents
Technology for processing lightweight anti-crack aluminum alloy for manufacturing vehicle body Download PDFInfo
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- CN106702221A CN106702221A CN201611154431.9A CN201611154431A CN106702221A CN 106702221 A CN106702221 A CN 106702221A CN 201611154431 A CN201611154431 A CN 201611154431A CN 106702221 A CN106702221 A CN 106702221A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a technology for processing lightweight anti-crack aluminum alloy for manufacturing a vehicle body. The lightweight anti-crack aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.2-2% of Cu, 0.3-5% of Zn, 0.1-9% of Li, 1.1-2.1% of Ni, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, 0.3-0.5% of Ti, 0.1-0.7% of Hf, 1.5-3.2% of Si, 0.3-1% of V, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 3.2-15% of rare earth and the balance being Al. The processing technology has the beneficial effects that an original component proportion and an original technology are adopted for ensuring that the alloy does not shrink during cooling solidification, thus effectively avoiding defects such as shrinkage voids and shrinkage porosity; meanwhile, the remarkable improvement of processability and a mechanical property is further ensured due to the fine microscopic structures of the alloy; the processing cost of castings is reduced; and the vehicle body manufactured by utilizing the alloy is lightweight, has excellent crack resistance and corrosion-erosion resistance and can promote the rapid development of automobile casting technologies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy field, and in particular to a kind of processing work of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing
Skill.
Background technology
With the development of science and technology, the vehicles with automobile as representative need the weight by mitigating vehicle body, come further
Lifting fuel availability.In auto manufacturing, aluminium alloy is used as a kind of lightweight metal material, and proportion is small, and intensity is high, extensive
It is applied in vehicle body processing, its mechanical property and casting character are all very excellent, but aluminium alloy neutralizes it in casting process
Its alloy is the same, and shrinkage cavity and porosity can be produced because of volume contraction in solidification, causes its internal stress larger, has a strong impact on aluminium
The mechanical performance of alloy-steel casting, air-tightness and corrosion resistance.
Therefore, it is the difficulty that those skilled in the art are badly in need of solving to solve problem above develop a kind of aluminium alloy
Topic.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of processing work of the light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing
Skill.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing, the constituent of light weight cracking resistance magnadure
And mass percent shared by each composition is respectively：Cu：1.2~2%, Zn：0.3~5%, Li：0.1~9%, Ni：1.1~
2.1%th, Zr：0.2~0.5%, Ti：0.3~0.5%, Hf：0.1~0.7%, Si：1.5~3.2%, V：0.3~1%, Mg：
0.6~1.2%, rare earth：3.2~15%, remaining is Al.
Further, specific processing technology is：
(1) certain alloy raw material is prepared according to the metallic element proportioning in light weight cracking resistance magnadure, is put into vacuum induction
In stove, melted after being warming up to 820~870 DEG C, add refining agent to be refined after being completely melt as aluminium alloy；
(2) to alterant is added in the aluminium alloy of refining completion, 0.5~1h is incubated after being warming up to 920~950 DEG C, then soon
Speed is warming up to 1000~1050 DEG C, and is cast into aluminium alloy ingots with the speed cooling of 30~35 DEG C/min；
(3) when the surface temperature of aluminium alloy ingots drops to 280~320 DEG C, being put into vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace is carried out
Remelting, rare earth is added after aluminium alloy ingots is completely melt as aluminum alloy melt, is transferred in electron beam furnace after stirring；
(4) the electron gun line in electron beam furnace is increased into 200mA with the speed of 1mA/s, treats that rare earth is completely molten
When in aluminum alloy melt, electron gun line is increased to 400mA by continuation with the speed of 2mA/s, and lectron beam spot diameter is adjusted
Whole is 25nm, when a length of 5~10min, obtain rare earth aluminium alloy liquid；Then cast to the metal mold that temperature is 200~300 DEG C
Middle formation rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is with standby；
(5) rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is divided into two parts, is respectively put into temperature for 800~850 DEG C and 1000~1050 DEG C
Two resistance furnaces in refuse, respectively obtain low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt and high-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt；High temperature is dilute
Native aluminum alloy melt is poured into low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt, and after uniform mixing, keeping temperature is cast to temperature in 870~920 DEG C
In 200~300 DEG C of metal molds, to obtain light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy.
Preferably, rare earth is any one in Gd, Y, Sc, Sm, Nd, Yb and La or any several combination.
Preferably, the addition of the alterant in step (2) is the 7~15% of aluminium alloy quality, it is that P-Cu+RE is combined
Alterant, addition accounts for the percentage respectively P-Cu of alterant quality：3~14%, RE：86~97%.
Preferably, the constituent and mass percent shared by each composition of light weight cracking resistance magnadure are respectively：Cu：
1.5~1.8%, Zn：1.8~4%, Li：1~7%, Ni：1.3~1.8%, Zr：0.3~0.5%, Ti：0.4~0.5%,
Hf：0.2~0.5%, Si：1.7~3%, V：0.4~0.8%, Mg：0.7~1%, rare earth：5~12%, remaining is Al.
The invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy of light weight cracking resistance, by Cu, Zn, Li, Ni, Zr, Ti, Hf, Si, V, Mg, rare earth
And Al compositions.Wherein Al as alloy main element, addition rare earth element can then change the beta phase structure of alloy, Li and
Zr has strong crystal grain thinning and purification aluminium alloy to act on, and Li when can also make alloy graining latent heat change；
Ni is quenching degree element, can fully improve the quenching degree and toughness of alloy；Ti has the chemical property of stabilization, while
With good heat-resisting quantity；Hf can prevent the generation of section crack；And micro V can assign this alloy some special machines
Can, such as improve tensile strength and yield point；And present invention also offers specific processing method, in existing alloy processing technology
On the basis of, it is combined with electronic torch melting using alterant, it is ensured that alloy microscopic structure after solidification is very tiny, profit
Casting mechanical performance, air-tightness and the corrosion resistance manufactured with alloy are greatly promoted.
The present invention compared with prior art, using original creation composition proportion and technique, it is ensured that alloy is in cooled and solidified
Do not shrink, be prevented effectively from the generation of the defects such as shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite, while alloy microscopic structure is tiny, is further ensured that and adds
Significantly improving for work performance and mechanical performance, reduces Mechanical processing of casting cost；The body part not only light weight manufactured using this alloy,
There is outstanding crack resistance, resistance to abrasion simultaneously, developing rapidly for automotive casting technology can be promoted.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiment, it should be understood that following specific
Implementation method is only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing, the constituent of light weight cracking resistance magnadure
And mass percent shared by each composition is respectively：Cu：1.2%th, Zn：0.3%th, Li：0.1%th, Ni：1.1%th, Zr：0.2%th,
Ti：0.3%th, Hf：0.1%th, Si：1.5%th, V：0.3%th, Mg：0.6%th, rare earth：3.2%, remaining is Al.
Specifically processing technology is：
(1) certain alloy raw material is prepared according to the metallic element proportioning in light weight cracking resistance magnadure, is put into vacuum induction
In stove, melted after being warming up to 820 DEG C, add refining agent to be refined after being completely melt as aluminium alloy；
(2) add alterant in the aluminium alloy for completing to refining, be incubated 0.5h after being warming up to 920 DEG C, then be rapidly heated to
1000 DEG C, and aluminium alloy ingots is cast into the speed cooling of 35 DEG C/min；
(3) when the surface temperature of aluminium alloy ingots drops to 280 DEG C, being put into vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace carries out remelting,
Rare earth is added after aluminium alloy ingots is completely melt as aluminum alloy melt, is transferred in electron beam furnace after stirring；
(4) the electron gun line in electron beam furnace is increased into 200mA with the speed of 1mA/s, treats that rare earth is completely molten
When in aluminum alloy melt, electron gun line is increased to 400mA by continuation with the speed of 2mA/s, and lectron beam spot diameter is adjusted
Whole is 25nm, when a length of 5min, obtain rare earth aluminium alloy liquid；Then cast and form dilute into the metal mold that temperature is 200 DEG C
Native aluminium alloy ingots is with standby；
(5) rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is divided into two parts, is respectively put into two resistance furnaces that temperature is 800 DEG C and 1000 DEG C
Middle refuse, respectively obtains low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt and high-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt；High-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt is fallen
Enter in low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt, after uniform mixing, keeping temperature is cast to the metal mold that temperature is 200 DEG C in 870 DEG C
In, obtain light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy.
Rare earth is Gd.
The addition of the alterant in step (2) is the 7% of aluminium alloy quality, is P-Cu+RE composite modifiers, addition
Account for the percentage respectively P-Cu of alterant quality：3%th, RE：97%.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing, the constituent of light weight cracking resistance magnadure
And mass percent shared by each composition is respectively：Cu：2%th, Zn：5%th, Li：9%th, Ni：2.1%th, Zr：0.5%th, Ti：
0.5%th, Hf：0.7%th, Si：3.2%th, V：1%th, Mg：1.2%th, rare earth：15%, remaining is Al.
Specifically processing technology is：
(1) certain alloy raw material is prepared according to the metallic element proportioning in light weight cracking resistance magnadure, is put into vacuum induction
In stove, melted after being warming up to 870 DEG C, add refining agent to be refined after being completely melt as aluminium alloy；
(2) add alterant in the aluminium alloy for completing to refining, be incubated 1h after being warming up to 950 DEG C, then be rapidly heated to
1050 DEG C, and aluminium alloy ingots is cast into the speed cooling of 32 DEG C/min；
(3) when the surface temperature of aluminium alloy ingots drops to 320 DEG C, being put into vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace carries out remelting,
Rare earth is added after aluminium alloy ingots is completely melt as aluminum alloy melt, is transferred in electron beam furnace after stirring；
(4) the electron gun line in electron beam furnace is increased into 200mA with the speed of 1mA/s, treats that rare earth is completely molten
When in aluminum alloy melt, electron gun line is increased to 400mA by continuation with the speed of 2mA/s, and lectron beam spot diameter is adjusted
Whole is 25nm, when a length of 10min, obtain rare earth aluminium alloy liquid；Then cast and form dilute into the metal mold that temperature is 300 DEG C
Native aluminium alloy ingots is with standby；
(5) rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is divided into two parts, is respectively put into two resistance furnaces that temperature is 850 DEG C and 1050 DEG C
Middle refuse, respectively obtains low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt and high-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt；High-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt is fallen
Enter in low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt, after uniform mixing, keeping temperature is cast to the metal mold that temperature is 300 DEG C in 920 DEG C
In, obtain light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy.
Rare earth is Sc.
The addition of the alterant in step (2) is the 5% of aluminium alloy quality, is P-Cu+RE composite modifiers, addition
Account for the percentage respectively P-Cu of alterant quality：14%th, RE：86%.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing, the constituent of light weight cracking resistance magnadure
And mass percent shared by each composition is respectively：Cu：1.5~1.8%, Zn：1.8~4%, Li：1~7%, Ni：1.3~
1.8%th, Zr：0.3~0.5%, Ti：0.4~0.5%, Hf：0.2~0.5%, Si：1.7~3%, V：0.4~0.8%, Mg：
0.7~1%, rare earth：5~12%, remaining is Al.
Specifically processing technology is：
(1) certain alloy raw material is prepared according to the metallic element proportioning in light weight cracking resistance magnadure, is put into vacuum induction
In stove, melted after being warming up to 850 DEG C, add refining agent to be refined after being completely melt as aluminium alloy；
(2) add alterant in the aluminium alloy for completing to refining, be incubated 0.7h after being warming up to 933 DEG C, then be rapidly heated to
1020 DEG C, and aluminium alloy ingots is cast into the speed cooling of 30 DEG C/min；
(3) when the surface temperature of aluminium alloy ingots drops to 300 DEG C, being put into vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace carries out remelting,
Rare earth is added after aluminium alloy ingots is completely melt as aluminum alloy melt, is transferred in electron beam furnace after stirring；
(4) the electron gun line in electron beam furnace is increased into 200mA with the speed of 1mA/s, treats that rare earth is completely molten
When in aluminum alloy melt, electron gun line is increased to 400mA by continuation with the speed of 2mA/s, and lectron beam spot diameter is adjusted
Whole is 25nm, when a length of 7min, obtain rare earth aluminium alloy liquid；Then cast and form dilute into the metal mold that temperature is 260 DEG C
Native aluminium alloy ingots is with standby；
(5) rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is divided into two parts, is respectively put into two resistance furnaces that temperature is 820 DEG C and 1030 DEG C
Middle refuse, respectively obtains low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt and high-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt；High-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt is fallen
Enter in low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt, after uniform mixing, keeping temperature is cast to the metal mold that temperature is 240 DEG C in 900 DEG C
In, obtain light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy.
Rare earth is the combination of Gd, Sm, Yb and La.
The addition of the alterant in step (2) is the 10% of aluminium alloy quality, is P-Cu+RE composite modifiers, is added
Amount accounts for the percentage respectively P-Cu of alterant quality：10%th, RE：90%.
The processing technology for being provided by three above embodiment respectively makes the thick plate-type cast products of 10mm, and mechanics is carried out respectively
Test.
The yield strength of embodiment 1 reaches 450~460Mpa, and tensile strength reaches 468~473Mpa, and elongation percentage is
14%；The yield strength of embodiment 2 reaches 470~476Mpa, and tensile strength reaches 483~490Mpa, and elongation percentage is 13%；It is real
The yield strength for applying example 3 reaches 491~495Mpa, and tensile strength reaches 503~507Mpa, and elongation percentage is 9%.
To sum up, the alloy for being obtained by three above embodiment all has excellent yield strength, tensile strength, and compared with
Low elongation percentage, and technological parameter and composition proportion disclosed in embodiment 3 be preferred.
It is last it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and non-limiting technical side
Case, it will be understood by those within the art that, those modify or equivalent to technical scheme, and
The objective and scope of the technical program are not departed from, all should be covered in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (5)
1. the processing technology of a kind of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing, it is characterised in that：Light weight cracking resistance magnadure
Constituent and mass percent shared by each composition be respectively：Cu：1.2~2%, Zn：0.3~5%, Li：0.1~9%,
Ni：1.1~2.1%, Zr：0.2~0.5%, Ti：0.3~0.5%, Hf：0.1~0.7%, Si：1.5~3.2%, V：0.3~
1%th, Mg：0.6~1.2%, rare earth：3.2~15%, remaining is Al.
2. a kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Specifically processing technology is：
(1) certain alloy raw material is prepared according to the metallic element proportioning in light weight cracking resistance magnadure, is put into vaccum sensitive stove,
Melted after being warming up to 820~870 DEG C, add refining agent to be refined after being completely melt as aluminium alloy；
(2) to alterant is added in the aluminium alloy of refining completion, 0.5~1h, then quick liter are incubated after being warming up to 920~950 DEG C
Temperature is cast into aluminium alloy ingots to 1000~1050 DEG C with the speed cooling of 30~35 DEG C/min；
(3) when the surface temperature of aluminium alloy ingots drops to 280~320 DEG C, being put into vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace carries out remelting,
Rare earth is added after aluminium alloy ingots is completely melt as aluminum alloy melt, is transferred in electron beam furnace after stirring；
(4) the electron gun line in electron beam furnace is increased into 200mA with the speed of 1mA/s, treats that rare earth is completely dissolved in aluminium
When in aluminium alloy, electron gun line is increased to 400mA by continuation with the speed of 2mA/s, and lectron beam spot diameter is adjusted to
25nm, when a length of 5~10min, obtain rare earth aluminium alloy liquid；Then cast the shape into the metal mold that temperature is 200~300 DEG C
Into rare earth aluminium alloy ingot with standby；
(5) rare earth aluminium alloy ingot is divided into two parts, be respectively put into that temperature is 800~850 DEG C and 1000~1050 DEG C two
Refuse in individual resistance furnace, respectively obtains low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt and high-temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt；By high-temperature rare earth aluminium
Aluminium alloy is poured into low temperature rare earth aluminum alloy melt, and after uniform mixing, keeping temperature is in 870~920 DEG C, and casting to temperature is
In 200~300 DEG C of metal mold, light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy is obtained.
3. a kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The rare earth is any one in Gd, Y, Sc, Sm, Nd, Yb and La or any several combination.
4. a kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing according to claim 2, its feature exists
In：The addition of the alterant in the step (2) is the 7~15% of aluminium alloy quality, is P-Cu+RE composite modifiers, plus
Enter the percentage respectively P-Cu that amount accounts for alterant quality：3~14%, RE：86~97%.
5. a kind of processing technology of light weight cracking resistance aluminium alloy for Auto-body manufacturing according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The constituent and mass percent shared by each composition of light weight cracking resistance magnadure are respectively：Cu：1.5~1.8%, Zn：
1.8~4%, Li：1~7%, Ni：1.3~1.8%, Zr：0.3~0.5%, Ti：0.4~0.5%, Hf：0.2~0.5%,
Si：1.7~3%, V：0.4~0.8%, Mg：0.7~1%, rare earth：5~12%, remaining is Al.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112501479A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-16 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for controlling coarse grains on end surface of aluminum alloy bar |
| CN114107751A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-01 | 南京理工大学 | Aluminum-lithium-magnesium-based light high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN116121608A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-05-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-strength cast aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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