CN106688875A - Grape emasculation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biotechnological apparatuses, and particularly relates to a grape emasculation method. Special tweezers are utilized for emasculation according to the method. The tweezers comprise a female tweezer, a male tweezer and spring leaves (8), wherein the feet (4) of the male tweezer and female tweezer are opposite; a plug (6) of the male tweezer is inserted into a socket of a tweezer head (2) of the female tweezer and screwed with the socket (1) through a bolt (7); the two spring leaves (8) are respectively arranged on two sides and connect the female tweezer and male tweezer together in the middle of a tweezer leg (5), and are connected through bolts (7); and the deformation elastic force of the spring leaves (8) is greater than the sum of deformation forces of the female tweezer and male tweezer at the bolt hole by pressing. When the tweezers are in use, the spring leaves (8) are pressed to clamp petals (10) and stamen stamens (11) of the grape flower, so that the petals (10) and stamens (11) are pulled to the two sides and depart from the grape flower. The method can obviously enhance the emasculation success rate and speed.

Description

A kind of method for grape emasculation

It is more particularly to a kind of for a kind of side for emasculation in Hybrid Grape the invention belongs to biotech equipment field Method.

Background technology

Emasculation is the single stepping frequently involved in the technical fields such as agricultural, is specifically included：Agricultural, biotechnology, gardening Deng；China is more and more to the plantation of grape at present, and the improvement to grape quality is also increasingly stronger, especially improves it and resists The aspect such as characteristic of disease and fruit quality, and be usually to improve its quality using the method for crossbreeding, grape is self-pollination, and It is the crucial step of comparing that cenospecies removes stamen (abbreviation emasculation), and current emasculation is to use artificial emasculation again by other grapes Pollen, because flower is smaller and fragility, it is easy to stamen is encountered into gynoecium and causes self-pollination, so result in follow-up vacation The positive, extra work burden is carried out to screening zone, and because it is more fragile, it is easy to by whole flower when emasculation Torn off at the position of anthocaulus so that spent for a string after the completion of hero, most of Huadu is torn off.

The method of the artificial emasculation taken at present is to use tweezers emasculation, and it is primarily present following a few point defects：(1) use Single tweezers so that during petal and stamen is torn, cause the inclination of flower so that stamen and gynoecium are touched, and are easily made Into self-pollination, while increased the amount of labour of follow-up screening；(2) when the petal and more stamen that tear so that it tears The power got off easily tears off flower more than the power of anthocaulus fracture at anthocaulus, causes emasculation to fail；(3) and in order to not allow flower Handle is broken, and less petal and stamen is torn every time, and this is allowed for, and artificial short time consumption is long, while multiple operation is easily caused Self-pollination, (4) are long due to manual time so that hybridization every time expends substantial amounts of manpower, when more suitable in weather, also very Easily miss optimal pollination period；(5) because skilled personnel is less, this traditional emasculating method success rate is than relatively low；(6) Because crossbreeding needs substantial amounts of cross-pollination amount, therefore traditional hybridization emasculating method checking hinders the examination of hybridization research Test progress.

The content of the invention

The invention aims to solve the problems such as traditional grape emasculation time long, physical waste, easy self-pollination, A kind of easy to operate, time saving, quick emasculating method is provided：I.e. a kind of method for grape emasculation, it is characterised in that use Tweezers emasculation.Described tweezers include cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer and spring leaf；Described cloudy tweezer includes tweezer head, and the side of tweezer head has to be passed through The socket of tweezer head is worn, there is the screw for running through in the opposite side of tweezer head, and tweezer headband has the bolt being engaged with screw, it is described The head of bolt is provided with the groove for being easy to screw, and described cloudy tweezer also carries 2 tweezer legs, screw, institute are carried in the side of tweezer leg The head for stating positive tweezer tweezer leg carries tweezer pin；Described positive tweezer includes plug, and screw is carried in the centre of plug, and positive tweezer also includes two Individual tweezer leg, tweezer pin is carried in the head of positive tweezer；One layer of rubber layer, the rubber are posted on the inside of the tweezer pin of the positive tweezer and cloudy tweezer The outer surface of layer is coarse；The spring leaf is integrally arched, middle part have by the portion of pinching, it is described to be provided with by the surface in the portion of pinching Some projections, the two ends of described spring leaf carry screw, and are mounted with the bolt being engaged with screw；The tweezers are in assembling Mode is that the tweezer pin of the positive tweezer and cloudy tweezer is relative, and the plug of the positive tweezer is inserted in the socket of the tweezer head of the cloudy tweezer, and is made Connection is screwed with bolt；It is described cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer are connected to together in tweezer midleg in both sides respectively using two spring leafs, Screw of two screws of end of the spring leaf respectively with positive tweezer and the outside of cloudy tweezer the same side aligns, and uses bolt Connection；The elastic force that the spring leaf is deformed upon is more than by the respective two tweezer hem facings for pinching spring leaf and causing cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer Power when being combined；The tweezers when in use by pinch spring leaf by the portion of pinching, cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer is clamped respectively in tweezer pin The stamen of grape flower petal and petal internal package, the rubber layer on the inside of tweezer pin, to fitting, is reused by pinching spring leaf with petal By the portion of pinching so that petal and stamen tear to both sides and grape flower departs from；Gynoecium can not be hurt during this, that is, completes grape flower Emasculation.

The features of the present invention and have the beneficial effect that：

(1) because it is the firmly emasculation of two lateral sides so that the position stress reduction of anthocaulus, therefore it is disconnected to reduce anthocaulus The probability for splitting so that operation success rate can bring up to more than 90%；(2) because tweezers are exerted oneself to both sides, therefore in emasculation During cause petal to stamen to both sides separate, reduce using single tweezers drive pistil be inclined so that gynoecium and The probability of stamen touching, therefore reduce self-pollination；(3) due to once tearing the petal and stamen on both sides, hence in so that going Male speed is accelerated；Even the petal and stamen of side drop, and the side do not dropped, its connection is also more fragile, and The distance of gynoecium and stamen is elongated in the process, has been also convenient for removing again；(4) the application is provided with the position of tweezer pin Coarse rubber layer, increased frictional force, reduce what common metal tweezers were slided when petal and stamen is torn Probability.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is emasculation tweezers assembling schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is tweezer pin head cross-sectional schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is emasculation schematic diagram；

In figure, 1-- sockets, 2-- tweezer heads, 3-- screws, 4-- tweezer pin, 41-- rubber layers, 5-- tweezer legs, 6-- plugs, 7-- spiral shells Bolt, 8-- spring leafs, 9-- is by the portion of pinching, 10-- petals, 11-- stamens, 12-- gynoeciums.

Specific embodiment

Concrete structure of the invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

I.e. a kind of method for grape emasculation, it is characterised in that use tweezers emasculation.

Tweezers as described in Figure 1 include cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer and spring leaf 8；Described cloudy tweezer includes tweezer first 2, the side of tweezer head With the socket 1 through tweezer first 2, there is the screw for running through in the opposite side of tweezer first 2, and tweezer first 2 is carried and is engaged with screw Bolt 7, the head of the bolt is provided with the groove for being easy to screw, and described cloudy tweezer also carries 2 tweezer legs 5, the one of tweezer leg Side carries screw 3, and the head of the positive tweezer tweezer leg 5 carries tweezer pin 4；Described positive tweezer includes plug 6, is carried in the centre of plug Screw 3, positive tweezer also includes two tweezer legs 5, and tweezer pin 4 is carried in the head of positive tweezer；

As shown in Fig. 2 one layer of rubber layer 41 is posted in the inner side of the tweezer pin 4 of the positive tweezer and cloudy tweezer, the rubber layer 41 Outer surface is coarse；The spring leaf 8 is overall arched, middle part have by the portion of pinching 9, the surface by the portion of pinching 9 is provided with Some projections, the two ends of described spring leaf 8 carry screw, and are mounted with the bolt 7 being engaged with screw；The tweezers are in dress It is that the tweezer pin 4 of the positive tweezer and cloudy tweezer is relative, and the plug 6 of the positive tweezer inserts the socket 1 of the tweezer first 2 of the cloudy tweezer with mode It is interior, and screw connection using bolt 7；It is described using two spring leafs 8 respectively in both sides by cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer at the middle part of tweezer leg 5 It is connected to together, the screw of two screws of end of the spring leaf 8 respectively with positive tweezer and the outside of cloudy tweezer the same side aligns, And connected using bolt 7；The elastic force that the spring leaf 8 is deformed upon is more than causing each of cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer by pinching spring leaf 8 From two tweezer pin 4 fit together when power；

As shown in figure 3, the tweezers when in use by pinch spring leaf 8 by the portion of pinching 9, make cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer in 4 points of tweezer pin Do not clamp the stamen 11 of grape flower petal 10 and the internal package of petal 10, the rubber layer 41 of the inner side of tweezer pin 4 and petal 10 to fitting, Reuse by pinch spring leaf 8 by the portion of pinching 9 so that petal 10 and stamen 11 tear to both sides and grape flower departs from；During this not Gynoecium 12 can be hurt, that is, completes the emasculation of grape flower.

The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in, Should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims It is defined.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method for grape emasculation, it is characterised in that use tweezers emasculation.

2. a kind of method for grape emasculation according to claim 1,

Described tweezers include cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer and spring leaf 8；Described cloudy tweezer includes tweezer head (2), and the side of tweezer head has to be passed through The socket (1) of tweezer head (2) is worn, there is the screw that runs through in the opposite side of tweezer head (2), and tweezer head (2) with screw with matching The bolt (7) of conjunction, the head of the bolt is provided with the groove for being easy to screw, and described cloudy tweezer also carries 2 tweezer legs (5), in tweezer The side of leg carries screw (3), and the head of the positive tweezer tweezer leg (5) carries tweezer pin (4)；Described positive tweezer includes plug (6), The centre of plug carries screw (3), and positive tweezer also includes two tweezer legs (5), and tweezer pin (4) is carried in the head of positive tweezer；The positive tweezer With one layer of rubber layer (41) is posted on the inside of the tweezer pin (4) of cloudy tweezer, the outer surface of the rubber layer (41) is coarse；The spring Piece (8) is overall arched, middle part have by the portion of pinching (9), the surface by the portion of pinching (9) is provided with some projections, described The two ends of spring leaf (8) carry screw, and are mounted with the bolt 7 being engaged with screw；The tweezers are in assembling mode, described The tweezer pin (4) of positive tweezer and cloudy tweezer is relative, and the plug (6) of the positive tweezer is inserted in the socket (1) of the tweezer head (2) of the cloudy tweezer, and Connection is screwed using bolt (7)；It is described using two spring leafs (8) respectively both sides by cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer in tweezer leg (5) Portion is connected to together, two screws of end of the spring leaf (8) respectively with positive tweezer and the screw phase of the outside of cloudy tweezer the same side Alignment, and connected using bolt (7)；The elastic force that the spring leaf (8) deforms upon is more than and is causing cloudy tweezer by pinching spring leaf (8) Power when respective two tweezer pin (4) with positive tweezer fit together；The tweezers when in use by pinch spring leaf (8) by pinching Portion (9), makes cloudy tweezer and positive tweezer clamp the stamen of grape flower petal (10) and petal (10) internal package respectively in tweezer pin (4) (11), the rubber layer (41) on the inside of tweezer pin (4) with petal (10) to fitting, reuse by pinch spring leaf (8) by the portion of pinching (9), So that petal (10) and stamen (11) tear to both sides and depart from grape flower；Gynoecium (12) can not be hurt during this, that is, completes Portugal The emasculation of grape.