CN106684263A - Preparation method of OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) pixel unit and OLED display panel - Google Patents
Preparation method of OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) pixel unit and OLED display panel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106684263A CN106684263A CN201510762006.7A CN201510762006A CN106684263A CN 106684263 A CN106684263 A CN 106684263A CN 201510762006 A CN201510762006 A CN 201510762006A CN 106684263 A CN106684263 A CN 106684263A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) device and an OLED display panel. The preparation method of the OLED device comprises the steps of providing a substrate; preparing an anode layer on the substrate; preparing an organic light-emitting layer on the metal anode layer; preparing a cathode layer on the organic light-emitting layer; and preparing a light extraction layer used for extracting different colors of light-emitting materials on the cathode layer, wherein a refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than a refractive index of the light extraction layer. The refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than the refractive index of the light extraction layer, so that extraction can be performed on 80% of light lost inside the OLED device, total internal reflection of partial light in the transmission process is avoided, and the luminous efficiency of the OLED device is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of semiconductor manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of an OLED pixel unit and an OLED display panel.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structure of a conventional OLED device includes an anode 5 ', a hole injection and transport layer 4', an Organic Light Emitting layer 3 ', an electron transport and injection layer 2', and a cathode 1 'sequentially disposed on a glass substrate to form a parallel reflection structure, wherein in a use process of the OLED device, a voltage is applied between the anode 5' and the cathode 1 ', a current flows from the cathode 1' to the anode 5 ', and passes through the Organic Light Emitting layer 3' (the current indicates the flow of electrons), the cathode 1 'outputs electrons to the Organic Light Emitting layer 3', the anode 5 'absorbs electrons transmitted from the Organic Light Emitting layer 3' (it can be considered that the anode 5 'outputs holes to the conductive layer, the two effects are equal), and at a boundary between the Organic Light Emitting layer 3' and the hole transport layer, the electrons are combined with the holes, when an electron encounters a hole, it fills the hole (the electron falls to some energy level in the atom where the electron is missing). When this occurs, the electrons release energy in the form of photons. Thereby causing the OLED device to emit light. According to different formulations, the type of organic molecules in the organic light emitting layer 3' can be adjusted to generate three primary colors, i.e., red, green and blue, to form a basic color, and the brightness or intensity of light is directly proportional to the current (the greater the current, the higher the brightness or intensity of light is), but in the conventional OLED device, since the OLED device emits light in a special parallel reflection structure, most of the emitted light is totally reflected at an interface (the connection between the layers inside the OLED device is called as the interface), only about 20% of the light can be transmitted out of the OLED device into the air to be utilized, the light extraction efficiency is low, and the light which is not extracted is lost in the form of heat energy, which affects the service life of the OLED device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an OLED pixel unit and an OLED display panel, which are used for arranging a light extraction layer on the OLED pixel unit and continuously arranging a light extraction common layer at the upper end of the light extraction layer so as to improve the light extraction effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
providing a substrate;
preparing an anode layer on the substrate;
preparing an organic light-emitting layer on the anode layer;
preparing a cathode layer on the organic light-emitting layer; and
preparing a light extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of light emitted by the organic light emitting layer on the cathode layer; wherein,
the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than that of the light extraction layer.
Preferably, the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, wherein the light extraction layer includes one or more light extraction films.
Preferably, in the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, the light extraction film is manufactured by an evaporation process or a wet process.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, wherein the light extraction layer includes a plurality of stacked light extraction thin films, and refractive indexes of the stacked light extraction thin films increase layer by layer in a direction in which light emitted from the organic light emitting layer extends.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit includes that the organic light emitting layer includes a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit, and the light extraction layer includes a red sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the blue sub-pixel unit.
Preferably, the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit further includes manufacturing a common layer on the light extraction layer, wherein the refractive index of the light extraction layer is lower than the refractive index of the common layer.
Preferably, in the above method for fabricating an OLED pixel unit, the step of fabricating an anode layer on the substrate includes,
preparing a metal anode layer on the substrate;
preparing a hole injection layer on the metal anode layer;
preparing a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer; and
the organic light emitting layer is positioned above the hole transport layer.
Preferably, in the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, the step of manufacturing a cathode layer on the organic light emitting layer includes:
preparing an electron transport layer on the organic light emitting layer;
and preparing a metal cathode layer on the electron transport layer.
An OLED display panel includes a plurality of pixel units disposed on a substrate, each of the pixel units including,
a metal anode layer disposed on the substrate;
a light emitting layer disposed on the metal anode layer;
a cathode layer disposed over the light emitting layer;
a light extraction layer disposed over the cathode layer; wherein,
the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than that of the light extraction layer.
Preferably, in the above OLED display panel, the light emitting layer specifically includes:
a hole injection layer disposed over the metal anode layer;
a hole transport layer disposed over the hole injection layer;
an organic light emitting layer disposed over the hole transport layer;
and the electron transport layer is arranged on the organic light emitting layer.
Preferably, in the OLED display panel, a common layer is disposed on the light extraction layer, and a refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than a refractive index of the light extraction layer.
Preferably, in the above OLED display panel, the organic light emitting layer includes a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit.
Preferably, in the above OLED display panel, the light extraction layer includes a red sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting a wavelength of light emitted from the blue sub-pixel unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the light extraction layer is prepared on the cathode layer, the refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than that of the light extraction layer, and the cathode layer is lower than that of the light extraction layer, so that light extraction operation is performed inside the OLED pixel unit, 80% of light which is lost inside the OLED pixel unit can be extracted, internal total reflection of partial light in the transmission process is avoided, and the light extraction efficiency of the OLED pixel unit is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the light loss inside the OLED pixel unit is greatly reduced, that is, the heat loss inside the OLED pixel unit is greatly reduced (the light inside the OLED pixel unit that is not extracted is usually converted into heat to be consumed), and the service life of the OLED pixel unit is further prolonged.
(2) The light extraction layer is formed by a plurality of layers of light extraction films, and the light extraction films are prepared by an evaporation process or a wet process, so that the mutual combination of the light extraction layer films is facilitated, and a certain packaging effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional OLED display panel;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a method for fabricating an OLED pixel unit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLED display panel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
This application makes the light extraction layer on OLED upper strata, continues to set up a commoning layer in light extraction layer upper end, destroys the inside interface total reflection of OLED device through the light extraction layer, improves light and takes out efficiency, adjusts the purity of light output that improves through light extraction layer and commoning layer in addition.
As shown in FIG. 2, a method for fabricating an OLED pixel unit includes
Providing a substrate;
preparing an anode layer on the substrate;
preparing an organic light-emitting layer on the anode layer;
preparing a cathode layer on the organic light-emitting layer; and
preparing a light extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of light emitted by the organic light emitting layer on the cathode layer; wherein the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light extraction layer. Further, the organic light emitting layer comprises a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit, and the light extraction layer comprises a red sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the blue sub-pixel unit.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: an extraction layer for extracting light rays with different wavelengths is prepared on a cathode layer, the refractive index of the cathode layer is lower than that of the light extraction layer, and the internal light extraction operation is performed on the OLED pixel unit, so that 80% of light which is lost inside the OLED pixel unit can be extracted, internal total reflection of partial light rays in the transmission process is avoided, and the light extraction efficiency of the OLED pixel unit is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the light loss inside the OLED pixel unit is greatly reduced, that is, the heat loss of the OLED pixel unit is greatly reduced (light inside the OLED pixel unit that is not extracted is generally converted into heat to be consumed), and the service life of the OLED pixel unit is further prolonged.
As a further preferred embodiment, the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, wherein the light extraction layer comprises one or more light extraction films. Further, the light extraction layer includes a plurality of stacked light extraction films, and refractive indexes of the plurality of stacked light extraction films increase layer by layer along a direction in which light emitted from the organic light emitting layer extends, and the light extraction efficiency is further improved by one or more layers of the light extraction films.
As a further preferred embodiment, in the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, the light extraction film is formed by an evaporation process or a wet process, which is beneficial to the mutual combination of the light extraction layer films and has a certain encapsulation effect.
In a further preferred embodiment, the method for fabricating an OLED pixel unit further includes fabricating a common layer on the light extraction layer. Wherein the refractive index of the light extraction layer is lower than the refractive index of the common layer. Because the refractive index of the light extraction layer is lower than that of the common layer, the total reflection inside the OLED pixel unit is further destroyed, and the light extraction efficiency of the OLED pixel unit is further improved. Further, the light extraction layer may be formed of a light absorbing material (but not limited to a light absorbing material), and the light is concentrated by the light absorbing material, which is beneficial to improve the purity of the extracted light.
As a further preferred embodiment, the method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit described above, wherein the step of manufacturing an anode layer on the substrate includes,
preparing a metal anode layer on the substrate;
preparing a hole injection layer on the metal anode layer;
preparing a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer; and
the organic light emitting layer is positioned above the hole transport layer.
Under the condition that a preset voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode, the voltage difference between the anode and the cathode generates current, the current of the metal anode layer drives the hole migration of the hole injection layer, the hole migration direction is consistent with the current flow direction, the hole enters the hole transport layer and then is transported to the organic light emitting layer, the hole is compounded with electrons (transported out of the cathode) in the organic light emitting layer, and photons, namely light rays, are generated in the compounding process.
As a further preferred embodiment, the above method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit, wherein the step of manufacturing a cathode layer on the organic light emitting layer in the method includes:
preparing an electron transport layer on the organic light emitting layer;
and preparing a metal cathode layer on the electron transport layer.
Under the condition that a preset voltage is applied between the anode layer and the cathode layer, the voltage difference between the anode and the cathode generates current, the current of the metal cathode layer drives electrons in the metal cathode layer to enter the electron transmission layer, the electrons enter the electron transmission layer and then are transmitted to the organic light emitting layer, the electrons are compounded with holes in the organic light emitting layer, and photons, namely light rays, are generated in the compounding process. The cathode layer is generally formed using a material having a low work function, and thus electrons of the metal cathode layer can be efficiently injected into the electron transport layer.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention also provides an OLED display panel, which includes a plurality of pixel units disposed on a substrate, each of the pixel units including,
a metal anode layer 6 provided on the substrate;
a light emitting layer; arranged on the metal anode layer 6;
a cathode layer 1 disposed over the light emitting layer; and
a light extraction layer 7, which is arranged on the cathode layer 1 and is matched with the wavelength of the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer 3; wherein
The refractive index of the cathode layer 1 is lower than the refractive index of the light extraction layer 7.
Further, the light emitting layer includes:
a hole injection layer disposed on the metal anode layer 6;
a hole transport layer disposed over the hole injection layer;
and the organic light-emitting layer 3 is arranged on the hole transport layer, and further comprises a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit.
And the electron transport layer 2 is arranged on the organic light-emitting layer 3.
Set up a light extraction layer 7 on cathode layer 1, and the refracting index of above-mentioned cathode layer 1 is less than the refracting index of above-mentioned light extraction layer 7, because the refracting index of above-mentioned cathode layer 1 is less than the refracting index of above-mentioned light extraction layer 7, carry out the light extraction operation in the pixel unit inside promptly, can extract 80% of the light that is lost inside the pixel unit, avoided partial light to take place internal total reflection in transmission process, improved the light-emitting efficiency of single pixel unit greatly. Meanwhile, the light loss inside the pixel unit is greatly reduced, namely, the heat loss inside the pixel unit is reduced (the light inside the pixel unit which is not extracted is generally converted into heat to be consumed), and the service life of the pixel unit is further prolonged.
In a further preferred embodiment, in the OLED display panel, a common layer 8 is disposed on the light extraction layer 7. Wherein the refractive index of the light extraction layer 7 is lower than the refractive index of the common layer 8. Because the refractive index of the light extraction layer 7 is lower than that of the common layer 8, the total reflection inside the OLED pixel unit is further destroyed, and the light extraction efficiency of the OLED pixel unit is further improved. Further, the extraction layer 7 and the common layer 8 are formed using a light absorbing material, and unnecessary light is absorbed by the light absorbing material, which is advantageous for improving the purity of extracted light.
As a further preferred embodiment, the OLED display panel further includes a hole injection layer 5 disposed on the metal anode layer 6; a hole transport layer 4 is disposed on the hole injection layer 5.
As a further preferred embodiment, the OLED display panel further includes a cathode layer 3 disposed on the organic light emitting layer 3.
As a further preferred embodiment, in the above OLED display panel, further, the light extraction layer includes a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer 71, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer 72, and a red sub-pixel unit light extraction layer 73 matched with the organic light emitting layer (red sub-pixel unit, green sub-pixel unit, blue sub-pixel unit). Since the different sub-pixels have different wavelengths of light and the refractive index of each sub-pixel is different, a single matched sub-pixel light extraction layer (blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer 71, green sub-pixel unit extraction layer 72, red sub-pixel unit light extraction layer 73) is provided for each sub-pixel to further improve the light extraction efficiency and light extraction quality.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for manufacturing an OLED pixel unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a substrate;
preparing an anode layer on the substrate;
preparing an organic light-emitting layer on the anode layer;
preparing a cathode layer on the organic light-emitting layer; and
preparing a light extraction layer for extracting the wavelength of light emitted by the organic light emitting layer on the cathode layer; wherein,
the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than that of the light extraction layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light extraction layer comprises one or more light extraction films.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the light extraction film is prepared by an evaporation process or a wet process.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light extraction layer comprises a plurality of stacked light extraction films, and the refractive index of the stacked light extraction films increases layer by layer in a direction in which light emitted from the organic light emitting layer extends.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a color sub-pixel unit selected from the group consisting of: the light extraction layer comprises a red sub-pixel unit extraction layer for correspondingly extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer for correspondingly extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer for correspondingly extracting the wavelength of the light emitted by the blue sub-pixel unit.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a common layer over the light extraction layer, wherein the light extraction layer has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the common layer.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming an anode layer over the substrate comprises,
preparing a metal anode layer on the substrate;
preparing a hole injection layer on the metal anode layer;
preparing a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer; and
the organic light emitting layer is positioned above the hole transport layer.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the cathode layer over the organic light emitting layer comprises:
preparing an electron transport layer on the organic light emitting layer;
and preparing a metal cathode layer on the electron transport layer.
9. An OLED display panel includes a plurality of pixel units disposed on a substrate, each of the pixel units including,
a metal anode layer disposed on the substrate;
a light emitting layer; arranged on the metal anode layer;
a cathode layer disposed over the light emitting layer; and
a light extraction layer disposed over the cathode layer; wherein,
the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than that of the light extraction layer.
10. The OLED display panel of claim 9, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises in particular:
a hole injection layer disposed over the metal anode layer;
a hole transport layer disposed over the hole injection layer;
an organic light emitting layer disposed over the hole transport layer;
and the electron transport layer is arranged on the organic light emitting layer.
11. The OLED display panel of claim 9, wherein a common layer is disposed over the light extraction layer, and wherein the cathode layer has a refractive index lower than that of the light extraction layer.
12. The OLED display panel of claim 9, wherein the organic light emitting layer includes a color sub-pixel cell selected from the group consisting of: the pixel structure comprises a red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit and a blue sub-pixel unit.
13. The OLED display panel of claim 12, wherein the light extraction layers include a red sub-pixel unit extraction layer corresponding to a wavelength of light emitted from the red sub-pixel unit, a green sub-pixel unit extraction layer corresponding to a wavelength of light emitted from the green sub-pixel unit, and a blue sub-pixel unit extraction layer corresponding to a wavelength of light emitted from the blue sub-pixel unit.
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| CN110098351A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-06 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Display panel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111244324A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Organic light emitting diode display panel and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170517 |
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