CN106679943B - A method of measurement optics parametric oscillator (opo) escape efficiency - Google Patents
A method of measurement optics parametric oscillator (opo) escape efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及量子信息技术领域，特别涉及光学参量振荡腔的逃逸效率确定方法。其技术方案是：一种测量光学参量振荡腔逃逸效率的方法，其特征是执行以下步骤：A.在恒定的入射光功率下，测量待测光学参量振荡腔共振时的反射光功率Pr,on；B.保持入射光功率不变，测量待测光学参量振荡腔远离共振时的反射光功率Pr,off；C.计算待测光学参量振荡腔共振时和远离共振时的反射光功率之比D.计算待测光学参量振荡腔的逃逸效率ηesc，该方法操作简单、结果精确直观，具有较高的实用价值。
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum information, in particular to a method for determining the escape efficiency of an optical parametric oscillation cavity. Its technical scheme is: a method for measuring the escape efficiency of an optical parametric oscillation cavity, which is characterized by performing the following steps: A. Under constant incident optical power, measure the reflected optical power P r when the optical parametric oscillation cavity to be measured resonates, on ; B. Keep the incident optical power unchanged, measure the reflected optical power P r,off when the optical parametric oscillation cavity to be tested is far away from resonance; C. Calculate the difference between the reflected optical power when the optical parametric oscillation cavity to be tested is resonant and away from resonance Compare D. Calculate the escape efficiency η esc of the optical parametric oscillator cavity to be measured, The method is simple in operation, accurate and intuitive in results, and has high practical value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum information technology fields, in particular to the escape efficiency determination methodology of optics parametric oscillator (opo).
Background technique
Compressed state optical field is a kind of very important non-classical optical state, can be applied to detection, the optical precision of gravitational wave
The research fields such as measurement, the generation of entangled, quantum communication.Especially in terms of quantum communication, two single-mode squeezing state light
Or a two-mode squeezed vacuum state can be used to generate and tangle light, tangle the core resource that light is quantum information technology, can be with
Complete quantum entanglement transfer, the Quantum Teleportation of ultraweak information, quantum secret communication, quantum dense coding and quantum number defect
The important principle experiment of the equal quantum communications field.The size of compressed state optical field noise compression degree is mainly by squeezed light generation system
Total losses and total phase noise determine that the total losses of system are mainly as preparing the escape of optics parametric oscillator (opo) used in squeezed light
The groups such as efficiency, the transmission loss of squeezed light, the quantum efficiency of the interference efficiency of balanced homodyne detection system, balanced homodyne detection device
At.The loss of quantization system is to the difference of compression/entangled light source master-plan and analysis theories result and experimental result and overcomes
Etc. being of great significance.
Transmission loss, to the sum of the loss of all optical elements detection system, is being tested by squeezed light generation system
In be easy measurement obtain.The interference efficiency of balanced homodyne detection system determines by the interference efficiency of local oscillations light and signal light,
Measurement is easy in an experiment to obtain.The performance of the quantum efficiency of balanced homodyne detection device photodiode as used in detector is determined
Fixed, photodiode generally has nominal when dispatching from the factory.And the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo) is by optics parametric oscillator (opo)
The reflectivity of optical element, the factors such as absorption loss of intracavitary nonlinear crystal codetermine.
Optical parametric oscillator process is to obtain the important technical of compressed state optical field, according to optics parametric oscillator (opo) quantum
The theory analysis of noise, theoretical expression (P.K.Lam, T.C.Ralph, the B.C.Buchler of available quadrature component compression
er al.,Optimization and transfer of vacuum squeezing from an optical
Parametric oscillator, J.Opt.B:Quantum Semiclass.Opt.1 (1999) 469-474) as follows:
Wherein, ηescIt is the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo), under equal conditions, escape efficiency is higher, the compression of acquisition
It spends higher.Efficiency of escaping is the ratio of optics parametric oscillator (opo) output coupling transmissivity and total losses, for fixed output coupling
Transmissivity is closed, the interior cavity loss of optical parameter chamber is smaller, and escape efficiency is higher.Interior cavity loss is related with the quality of intracavitary element,
In the prior art, interior cavity loss is calculated, is needed to the input coupling specular reflectivity of chamber, the reflectivity of output coupling mirror, chamber
The residual reflectance of interior element, absorption loss of intracavitary element etc. are measured and could be obtained.Not only operating process is cumbersome, and
And the measurement of internal cavity loss is not intuitive.
Efficiency of escaping is the ratio of optics parametric oscillator (opo) output coupling transmissivity and total losses, for fixed output coupling
Transmissivity is closed, the interior cavity loss of optical parameter chamber is smaller, and escape efficiency is higher, and under equal conditions, escape efficiency is higher, obtains
The degree of compression it is higher.And the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo) is by the reflectivity of optical element in optics parametric oscillator (opo), chamber
The factors such as residual reflectance, the absorption loss of interior nonlinear crystal codetermine.So in the prior art, to obtain escape effect
Rate, it is necessary to measure Input coupling mirror, the reflectivity of output coupling mirror and other hysteroscopes, transmissivity and other each hysteroscopes
It is lost, the residual reflectance of intracavitary crystal, the loss of intracavitary crystal, finds out the coarse value of loss, and then public using escape efficiency
FormulaEscape efficiency is found out, wherein ToutFor the transmission power of coupling mirror, LcavFor except output coupling mirror transmitance
The sum of outer other losses, ηescFor efficiency of escaping.
In order to determine that escape efficiency needs the residual reflectance to Input coupling mirror transmissivity, intracavitary element, intracavitary element
The parameters such as absorption loss measured one by one, measurement parameter is more, and process is cumbersome, and the error of each component parameters measurement is tired
Product will affect final measurement result.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve it is above-mentioned the problems of in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurement Optical Parametrics
The method of amount oscillation chamber escape efficiency makes the process letter of measurement without measuring the reflection and loss parameter of each intracavitary element
It is single, as a result accurately.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of measurement optics parametric oscillator (opo) escape effect
The method of rate, it is characterized in that executing following steps:
A method of measurement optics parametric oscillator (opo) escape efficiency, it is characterized in that executing following steps:
A. under constant incident optical power, reflected optical power P when optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured resonance is measuredr,on；
B. it keeps incident optical power constant, measures reflected optical power of the optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured far from resonance when
Pr,off；
The ratio between reflected optical power when C. calculating when optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured resonates and far from resonance
D. the escape efficiency eta of optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured is calculatedesc,
Further, the power measurement method of the reflected light is using the absolute of laser power meter measurement reflected optical power
Value.
Further, the power measurement method of the reflected light is to measure reflected optical power using linear photoconductor switching device
Relative value.
Further, the transmitance of the optics parametric oscillator (opo) outgoing mirror much larger than intracavitary other elements loss it
With.
The present invention provides a kind of method of measurement optics parametric oscillator (opo) escape efficiency, need to only measure optical parameter vibration to be measured
Swing the power of chamber resonance and reflected light when off-resonance, so that it may calculate the escape efficiency for obtaining optics parametric oscillator (opo), behaviour rapidly
Work is simple, result is accurately intuitive, practical value with higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is two mirror optics parametric oscillator (opo) apparatus structure schematic diagrams；
Fig. 2 is four mirror optical ring optical parametric osoillator apparatus structure schematic diagrams；
Fig. 3 is the present invention and prior art measurement result comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is explained in conjunction with attached drawing as follows.
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific example.
Example 1:
As shown in Figure 1, simplest two mirrors optics parametric oscillator (opo) is selected to escape as optics parametric oscillator (opo) of the present invention
The measurement object of efficiency, in measurement process, the outgoing mirror of light beam from optical parameter chamber is incident, then the outgoing mirror of optical parameter chamber is made
For the input mirror during actual measurement.
If the reflectivity of Input coupling mirror is r1, transmissivity t1, the reflectivity of output coupling mirror is r2, transmissivity t2,
Optical parameter is intracavitary frequency doubling non-linear's crystal, if crystal is absorbed as tc, EinFor the electric field strength before Input coupling mirror,
EoutFor the electric field strength before output coupling mirror, ErFor the electric field strength before Input coupling mirror after reflection.For ideal two
Mirror optics parametric oscillator (opo), it is believed that intracavitary field is in any point phase all having the same, it is easy to obtain standardizing defeated
Admission.
The electric field strength of two mirror optics parametric oscillator (opo)s input light wave can be expressed as Ein(t)=E0eiωt, then transmitted light wave
Amplitude can be expressed as:
E in formulainIt (t) is the amplitude of input light field, E0For initial electric field amplitude, EtIt (t) is the amplitude of Transmission field, ω
For the angular frequency of light field, t is the propagation time of light field, and L is that the chamber of optics parametric oscillator (opo) is long, and c is the propagation of light in a vacuum
Speed.The amplitude E of Transmission fieldt(t) expression formula is Infinite Order Geometric Sequence, when the order of Geometric Sequence tends to be infinitely great
When, the amplitude E of Transmission fieldt(t) it can be indicated with the formula after second equal sign of formula above.
The electric field strength of reflecting light is expressed are as follows:
E in formularIt (t) is the amplitude of reflection light field；
Then have:
Condition when being resonated by chamberThe amplitude E of reflected light when the chamber that is easy to get resonatesr,onWith the amplitude E of incident lightin
The ratio between are as follows:
Wherein, rL=r2tL 2It is transmission and the equivalent amplitude reflectivity for absorbing the two and introducing of crystal of outgoing mirror.
Condition when by chamber far from resonanceThe amplitude E of reflected light when being easy to get chamber far from resonancer,offWith incident light
Amplitude EinThe ratio between are as follows:
Wherein, rL=r2tL 2It is transmission and the equivalent amplitude reflectivity for absorbing the two and introducing of crystal of outgoing mirror.
So to the progress square of this two formula, so that it may the power P of reflected light when acquiring resonancer,onWith the power P of incident lightin
The ratio between are as follows:
The power P of reflected light when far from resonancer,offWith the power P of incident lightinThe ratio between are as follows:
The power ratio ε of reflected light when then chamber resonance is with far from resonance are as follows:
Example 2:
As shown in Fig. 2, selecting the ring-like chamber of four mirrors singly to resonate as optics parametric oscillator (opo), by two plane mirror (M1、M2)
With two plano-concave mirror (M3、M4) form, crystal is located at the center of two concave mirrors.
Enable: the amplitude reflectance for inputting mirror is respectively r1, amplitude transmittance t1, the amplitude reflectance point of other hysteroscopes
It Wei not r2、r3、r4, amplitude transmittance is respectively t2、t3、t4, optical parameter is intracavitary a nonlinear crystal, if crystal is absorbed as
tc, equally set chamber input light wave electric field strength can be expressed as Ein(t)=E0eiωt,
With embodiment 1, the electric field strength expression of reflecting light can be obtained are as follows:
E in formulainIt (t) is the amplitude of input light field, E0For initial electric field amplitude, EtIt (t) is the amplitude of Transmission field, ω
For the angular frequency of light field,tFor the propagation time of light field, L is that the chamber of optics parametric oscillator (opo) is long, and c is the propagation of light in a vacuum
Speed.The amplitude E of Transmission fieldt(t) expression formula is Infinite Order Geometric Sequence, when the order of Geometric Sequence tends to be infinitely great
When, the amplitude E of Transmission fieldt(t) it can be indicated with the formula on the right of expression formula above；
Then have:
Condition when being resonated by chamberThe amplitude E of reflected light when the chamber that is easy to get resonatesr,onWith the amplitude E of incident lightin
The ratio between are as follows:
Wherein, rL=tcr2r3r4It is the equivalent amplitude reflectivity that other hysteroscopes are total in addition to Input coupling mirror.
Condition when by chamber far from resonanceThe amplitude E of reflected light when being easy to get chamber far from resonancer,offWith incident light
Amplitude EinThe ratio between are as follows:
To the progress square of above-mentioned two formula, the power P of reflected light when acquiring resonancer,onWith the power P of incident lightinThe ratio between are as follows:
The power of reflected light and the power P of incident light when far from resonanceinThe ratio between are as follows:
The power ratio ε of reflected light is when then chamber resonance is with far from resonance
As it can be seen that chamber resonance and the power ratio ε far from reflected light when resonating, shake for two mirror optical parameters of embodiment 1
Chamber is swung, four mirror ring-type optical optical parametric osoillators of embodiment 2, there are identical functional relations.According to derivation process above, show
And it is clear to that the relationship can be generalized to the optics parametric oscillator (opo) of any amount hysteroscope, and be all satisfied above-mentioned expression formula.
By escape effectiveness formulaWhereinIt is clear that escape
There is functional relation between power ratio ε when efficiency and chamber resonance and off-resonance.
Efficiency of escaping is the ratio of optics parametric oscillator (opo) output coupling transmissivity and total losses, for fixed output coupling
Transmissivity is closed, the interior cavity loss of optical parameter chamber is smaller, and escape efficiency is higher, and under equal conditions, escape efficiency is higher, obtains
The degree of compression it is higher.Therefore to obtain the high degree of compression, it is necessary to high escape efficiency, then Lcav< < 1.Therefore, we can obtain
Relationship between the ratio between reflection power when efficiency chamber resonance of escaping under to above-mentioned condition and separate resonance ε, i.e., it is total using chamber
The measurement result of the ratio between reflection power when vibration and off-resonance, is calculated the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo).
According to the actual operating conditions of the upper surface of above-mentioned relationship and optics parametric oscillator (opo), optics parametric oscillator (opo)
Cavity loss LcavEnergy approximate expression is following formula
Substitute the above to escape effectiveness formulaObtain escape efficiency etaescIt may be expressed as:
Therefore, the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo) need to only measure optics parametric oscillator (opo) resonance and off-resonance to be measured
When reflected light power, so that it may be calculated rapidly.Specific measurement method is to execute following steps:
A. under constant incident optical power, the power of reflected light when optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured resonance is measured
Pr,on；
B. it keeps incident optical power constant, measures the power of reflected light of the optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured far from resonance when
Pr,off；
The power ratio of reflected light when C. calculating when optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured resonates and far from resonance(
D. the escape efficiency eta of optics parametric oscillator (opo) to be measured is calculatedesc,
Further, the power measurement method of the reflected light is using the absolute of laser power meter measurement reflected optical power
Value.
Further, the power measurement method of the reflected light is to measure reflected optical power using linear photoconductor switching device
Relative value.
Further, the transmitance of the optics parametric oscillator (opo) outgoing mirror much larger than intracavitary other elements loss it
With.
Comparative experiments: it is measured described in the embodiment respectively using the prior art and the technology of the present invention of background technique introduction
The strong escape efficiency of optical parametric oscillator, Fig. 3 is that (abscissa is the transmission of Input coupling mirror in measurement process to measurement result
Rate, ordinate are the escape efficiency of optics parametric oscillator (opo)).Rectangular data point is obtained using prior art measurement in figure
Escape efficiencies, circular data point is the escape efficiencies obtained using the technology of the present invention measurement.Two methods comparison
The measurement result uncertainty for showing the technology of the present invention is about 0.3%, and the uncertainty of measurement result is with optical parameter
It vibrates the increase of chamber escape efficiency and reduces.
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