CN106656026A - Photovoltaic battery pack energy-efficient water cooling heat radiation cooling device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for a photovoltaic cell assembly. An aluminum alloy heat exchanger is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and a heat exchange working medium channel is arranged in the aluminum alloy heat exchanger. The heat exchange working medium The upper and lower ends of the channel are respectively connected to the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank by pipes. An exhaust valve is installed at the connection between the upper end of the heat exchange working medium channel and the pipe, and the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank are respectively provided with water inlet ports. Water inlet valve and drain valve are respectively set at the water inlet end and the water discharge end, and the outer wall of the water storage tank is equipped with a radiator; the present invention utilizes the heating convection principle of heat exchanging working fluid such as water, does not consume electric energy, and reduces solar photovoltaic power consumption. The temperature of the battery can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells, and has good market application value.

Description

An energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell components

technical field

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to an energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation cooling device for photovoltaic cell components.

Background technique

Solar cells are the core of solar photovoltaic power generation systems, and the investment cost of photovoltaic modules accounts for 50% to 60% of the initial investment. Factors such as the improvement of the efficiency of photovoltaic cell modules, the advancement of manufacturing processes, and the decline in raw material prices will all lead to a decline in the cost of photovoltaic power generation. Relevant calculations show that a 1% increase in the efficiency of photovoltaic modules is equivalent to a 17% drop in the price of photovoltaic power generation systems. At present, the average industrialization efficiency of polycrystalline and monocrystalline solar cells is 18.3% and 19.5%, but it is very difficult to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. It will take more energy and financial resources to continue to improve the efficiency of conventional solar cells along the original technical direction. It is unrealistic to make major breakthroughs and greatly improve efficiency in the short term.

Photovoltaic cells are greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature. When the temperature rises, the output voltage of photovoltaic cells will drop. Generally, for every 1 increase in temperature, the voltage value will drop by about 2~3mV. Years of research data on silicon solar cells have shown that monocrystalline silicon cells respond very obviously to temperature rises. When the temperature increases by 1 degree, the power output is relatively reduced by 0.4%-0.5%, or even 0.73%-0.75%. Polycrystalline silicon cells The temperature coefficient is around 0.3%. The corresponding solar cell efficiency decreased year-on-year. In summer conditions, the output power of general solar cells will be 15%-30% lower than the standard conditions.

In order to make full use of the existing research results of solar cell materials and processes, starting from improving the working conditions of the solar cell, the solar cell is cooled by engineering thermophysical methods, the temperature rise of the solar cell is suppressed, and the solar cell maintains a high temperature during actual operation. Efficiency is another effective way to improve the efficiency of solar cells.

According to the empirical formula: Tcell=Tambient+0.03*Irad, the temperature of the solar panel is generally stable at 10-30°C above the ambient temperature, and generally the battery temperature will be below 60°C. But in the case of poor ventilation, the plate temperature may even reach 80 ℃. In this case, in addition to the decrease of output energy and efficiency caused by the rise of temperature, the mismatch of battery components will also cause the decrease of voltage and current of the whole system, and even cause damage to solar cells due to hot spots due to vicious circle.

Therefore, reducing the temperature of photovoltaic cells to fully utilize their valuable existing performance has great potential, and is of great significance for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells in practical applications, reducing the failure, aging and damage of photovoltaic cells, and prolonging the life of photovoltaic cells. Very low, great business prospects.

In the prior art, such as: Active Cooling Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System - Invention - Huang Xingbo. The invention adopts the circulating water cooling method and uses a water pump, which requires additional power consumption; a multi-fold concentrated solar photovoltaic power generation device, -- Invention, Huang Guangyu, this invention adopts the circulating water cooling method, and a water pump is installed on the pipeline, which requires Extra energy expenditure; an automatic cooling device for photovoltaic power plant components - invention, Gou Xianfang and Fan Weitao. The invention requires a high-pressure pump; a solar photovoltaic power generation temperature maintenance system-invention, Chen Kangsheng, the invention adopts the circulation water cooling method, uses the ground source and the water tank as the cooling source, requires 3 circulation pumps, requires additional power consumption, and has a complicated structure; A photovoltaic module cooling system-invention, Tang Yumin, the invention combines photovoltaic power generation and working fluid refrigeration system, requires compressors, etc., complex structure, high technical requirements, and very large extra power consumption; a photovoltaic module cooling device-invention , Gao Qian, the invention adopts the circulating water cooling method, which requires water pumps, controllers, electric valves, etc., and needs to provide additional power consumption; the solar photovoltaic panel circulating water cooling device--invention, square wave, etc., the invention uses circulating water cooling way, requires a water pump and requires additional power overhead.

All of the above patents require power such as water pumps or compressors, and additional power consumption needs to be provided. After deducting the additional power consumption provided, the overall power improvement effect is very limited, and even the increased power due to the cooling of the photovoltaic cells is not as good as the additional power consumption provided. The gain outweighs the gain .

Such as: aluminum alloy backplane solar cell module - invention, invention, applicants: Qin Hong, Shen Hui, etc., this invention and invention use aluminum alloy instead of the currently used TPT backplane material as the backplane of photovoltaic modules, this invention is a change The structural design of the photovoltaic cell module itself requires the establishment of a complete set of manufacturing packaging materials, processes, equipment systems and production lines for this new type of photovoltaic module, which is expensive; the composite solar photovoltaic interface and solar heat pipe integrated device-invention, inventor: Chen Sui , the invention is a device that integrates photovoltaic interface and solar heat pipe, photovoltaic power generation and heat collection can be carried out simultaneously, but the effect of both is not ideal, the invention does not explain how to carry out heat collection; photovoltaic power generation system solar cell components water cooling Cooling device, invented by He Jianxiong, this invention is directly connected to the tap water pipe, relying on the water pressure of the pipe itself for circulating water cooling and cooling, without additional power consumption. However, it needs to consume a large amount of water resources, and the cost is high; a two-way cooling of photovoltaic buildings using natural low-temperature heat sources-invention, Xue Liming, this invention is used in BIPV, using air as the heat transfer medium, using underground low-temperature heat sources through air circulation channels. Cooling does not require additional power, but the structure is complex, the amount of engineering is large, the area is large, and the effect of heat transfer and cooling is not ideal; cold storage and cooling solar cell components, invention, invention, Qin Hong, the invention and invention are on the back of the photovoltaic panel A cooling medium container is set up to contain the cooling medium. The cooling medium absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic cells by convection during the day when there is light, and cools down the photovoltaic cells. At night, the natural temperature difference is used to release heat; The opening and closing of the thermal insulation door of the device needs to be driven by a micro motor, which still requires a certain amount of extra power consumption, and requires a thermal insulation structure, which is complex in structure, bulky, inconvenient to maintain, and high in cost.

There are deficiencies in the existing technology and need to be improved.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the defects existing in the current technology, the present invention provides an energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell components.

The technical document provided by the present invention is an energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for photovoltaic cell components. An aluminum alloy heat exchanger is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell The upper and lower ends of the thermal working medium channel are respectively connected to the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank by pipes, and an exhaust valve is set at the connection between the upper end of the heat exchange working medium channel and the pipeline, and the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank are respectively set The water inlet end and the water discharge end, the water inlet end and the water discharge end are respectively provided with a water inlet valve and a water discharge valve, and the outer wall of the water storage tank is provided with a radiator; The water storage tank, the heat exchange working medium channel and the pipeline form a circulation loop and maintain airtightness with the outside world; the water storage tank is arranged behind the photovoltaic cell module, and the bottom of the water storage tank is higher than the bottom of the heat exchange working medium channel.

Preferably, thermal conductive silicone grease is arranged between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the aluminum alloy heat exchanger.

Preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly is fixed obliquely, and the bottom of the water storage tank is higher than the bottom end of the heat exchange working medium channel by more than 1/4 of the vertical height of the photovoltaic cell assembly.

Preferably, a sun visor is provided on the rear and upper side of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the sun visor covers the aluminum alloy heat exchanger and the water storage tank.

Preferably, a plurality of heat exchange working medium channels are arranged in the aluminum alloy heat exchanger.

Preferably, the water storage tank is connected with a plurality of heat exchange working medium channels in parallel.

Preferably, the cross-section of the heat exchange working medium channel is polygonal or circular.

Preferably, the heat exchange working medium channel is a straight channel or a curved channel.

Preferably, heat exchanging fins are arranged above the aluminum alloy heat exchanger, and the heat exchanging fins are integrally formed with the aluminum alloy heat exchanger.

Preferably, the pipe is a metal pipe, and cooling fins are arranged on the outer wall of the metal pipe.

Compared with the beneficial effects of the prior art:

1. The entire circulating water-cooling cooling device has no electric components, and no additional power consumption is required to ensure that the increased power output of the photovoltaic cell module due to heat dissipation and cooling is a net increased power, and its long-term benefits are greater than the increased investment due to cooling measures. , so that the heat dissipation and cooling of photovoltaic modules has practical significance;

2. The heat dissipation and cooling device has no electric parts, easy installation, automatic operation, no maintenance, and low cost;

3. The structure is simple, the cost is low, and the input and recovery are fast;

4. The water storage tank and the pipeline form a closed loop, and water or other working fluids circulate in the loop, which can save water resources;

5. The heat dissipation and cooling effect of photovoltaic modules is remarkable, which effectively improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells;

6. Through the circulating water cooling of the present invention, the photovoltaic cell can be operated at or slightly higher than the ambient temperature, which can effectively prolong the service life of the photovoltaic cell;

The invention utilizes the heating convection principle of heat exchange working medium such as water, adopts a closed-circuit circulating waterway structure, does not need a water pump, does not consume electric energy, greatly simplifies the structure of circulating water cooling, reduces the temperature of solar photovoltaic cells, and effectively improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells. market application value.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

detailed description

It should be noted that the above-mentioned technical features continue to be combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, which are all regarded as the scope of the description of the present invention; and, for those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements can be made according to the above description Or transformation, and all these improvements and transformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed” to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions are used in this specification for the purpose of description only.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the invention. The terms used in the description of the present invention in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, embodiment 1 is an energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for a photovoltaic cell assembly. An aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1, and a heat exchange unit is arranged in the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3. Substance channel 4, the upper and lower ends of the heat exchange working medium channel 4 are respectively connected to the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank 7 by pipes 6, and an exhaust valve is arranged at the connection between the upper end of the heat exchange working medium channel 4 and the pipeline 6 5. The upper and lower parts of the water storage tank 7 are also provided with a water inlet and a drain respectively, and the water inlet and the drain are respectively provided with a water inlet valve 9 and a drain valve 10, and the outer wall of the water storage tank 7 is provided with a radiator 8; The water storage tank 7, the heat exchange working medium channel 4 and the pipeline 6 are filled with the heat exchange working medium, and the water storage tank 7, the heat exchange working medium channel 4 and the pipeline 6 form a circulation loop and maintain airtightness with the outside world; the water storage tank 7 is set in Behind the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 , the bottom of the water storage tank 7 is higher than the bottom of the heat exchange working medium channel 4 .

For example, the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is fixed obliquely, and the bottom of the water storage tank 7 is higher than the bottom end of the heat exchange working medium channel 4 by more than 1/4 of the vertical height of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1; preferably, the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is inclined The temperature is set to 45 degrees, and the top of the water storage tank 7 is against the top of the heat exchange working medium pipeline 6, and the connecting piece between the pipeline 6 and the water storage tank 7 is provided with a filter sheet for filtering impurities.

Preferably, a sun visor 11 is provided on the back and upper side of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1, and the sun visor 11 covers the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 and the water storage tank 7; The junction of the alloy heat exchanger 3 neither blocks the normal operation of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 nor reduces the direct exposure to the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 and the water storage tank 7 .

Preferably, thermal conductive silicone grease 2 is provided between the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 and the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 .

The working principle of the present invention: first open the exhaust valve 5, close the drain valve 10, open the water inlet valve 9, fill the water storage tank 7 and the entire circulation circuit with the heat exchange working medium such as water, then close the exhaust valve 5 and the water inlet Valve 9, now the water-cooling cooling device can work.

When there is light in the daytime, the solar panel generates electricity, and the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module 1 rises at the same time, and the heat is transferred from the photovoltaic cell module 1 to the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 through heat conduction, and the heat exchange working medium passes through the heat exchanger 3 when it passes through the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3. Exchange takes heat away. Due to the decrease of the heat density of the heat exchange working medium, the heat exchange working medium will go up along the circulation circuit and gradually move into the water storage tank 7. It sinks to the bottom of the water tank, so the closer to the bottom of the water tank, the lower the temperature of the heat exchange working medium. After heat dissipation and cooling, the low-temperature heat exchange working fluid will enter the bottom of the heat exchanger along the lower pipe 6 and continue to circulate, so as to achieve the purpose of continuously cooling and cooling the photovoltaic cell module 1 . In this process, the circulation of the heat exchange working medium relies on the principle that the thermal expansion of the heat exchange working medium rises and the heat shrinks, and no additional power is needed, so that the purpose of energy saving is achieved, so that the photovoltaic cell module 1 increases due to heat dissipation and cooling. The power output is a net increased power, and its long-term benefit is greater than the increased investment due to the heat dissipation and cooling measures, so that the heat dissipation and cooling device for the photovoltaic cell module 1 proposed by the present invention produces obvious positive benefits and is realistically feasible.

The ambient temperature is at a low point at night, and the high-temperature heat-exchange working medium in the water storage tank 7 can fully dissipate the heat accumulated during the day to the air through the radiator 8, and obtain a low-temperature heat-exchange working medium for cooling the photovoltaic cell module 1 during the day .

For example, a brand of 300W monocrystalline silicon solar panel, its parameters are:

Model: SFM-300M

Peak Power (Pmax): 300W

Peak voltage (Vmp): 36V

Open circuit voltage (Voc): 43.2V

Peak current (Imp): 8.33A

Short circuit current (Isc): 9.17A

Solar panel working environment: -40 degrees Celsius to +85 degrees Celsius

Maximum system voltage: 1000V DC(IEC)/600V DC(UL)

Diodes: 6 by pass

Test standard (environment): irradiance 1000W/m ²

Ambient temperature 25 degrees Celsius, AM=1.5

Solar cells: monocrystalline silicon 156*156mm

Number of cells: 72 (6*12)

Dimensions: 1956*992*50mm

Weight: 23.7Kgs

Glass: 3.2mm (0.13inches) ultra-white cloth tempered glass

Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and strong mechanical shock resistance

Junction box: IP65rated Output cable: 4.0mm², length: 900mm

The area of this type of battery panel is 1.94 m2, the effective area of photovoltaic cells is about 1.66 m2, and the bottom area of the aluminum alloy heat exchanger is about 1.8 m2.

Under the action of the heat dissipation and cooling device of the present invention, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell will drop from 65°C to the ambient temperature of about 40°C, and if it drops by 25°C, the power of the photovoltaic cell will increase (0.4%-0.6%) Pm/°C∗ΔT =(0.4%—0.6%)∗300/℃∗30℃=30--45W, the power is increased by about 10%-15%, and the efficiency of photovoltaic cells is increased by 1.8%-2.7%, the effect is obvious.

The annual average sunshine time in a certain place is 1800 hours, invest in the construction of a 50kW small-scale rooftop solar photovoltaic power station, and invest 25,000 yuan in the construction of a photovoltaic panel energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device using the present invention, then the power generation will be increased by 5kW based on the minimum 10% calculation. , then the annual increase in power generation is 5*1800=9000 degrees. According to the national new energy power generation grid connection policy, the annual increase in income is about 9,000 yuan, and it only takes 2 years and 10 months to recover the investment.

Embodiment 2 is different from Embodiment 1 in that the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 is provided with a plurality of heat exchange working medium channels 4, and the plurality of heat exchange working medium channels 4 are all connected to the same water storage tank 7, so The size of the water storage tank 7 is determined by the number of heat exchange working medium channels 4 connected, and the volume of the water storage tank 7 is greater than the sum of the volumes of the heat exchange working medium channels 4 .

Preferably, the water storage tank 7 is connected in parallel with the heat exchange working medium passages 4 in the plurality of aluminum alloy heat exchangers 3 .

Preferably, the cross section of the heat exchange working medium channel 4 is polygonal.

Preferably, the heat exchange working medium channel 4 is a curved channel.

Preferably, heat exchange fins are arranged above the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 , and the heat exchange fins are integrally formed with the aluminum alloy heat exchanger 3 .

Preferably, the pipe 6 is a metal pipe 6 , and cooling fins are arranged on the outer wall of the metal pipe 6 .

It should be noted that the above-mentioned technical features continue to be combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, which are all regarded as the scope of the description of the present invention; and, for those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements can be made according to the above description Or transformation, and all these improvements and transformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for a photovoltaic cell assembly, characterized in that an aluminum alloy heat exchanger is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cell assembly, a heat exchange working medium channel is arranged in the aluminum alloy heat exchanger, and the heat exchange The upper and lower ends of the working medium channel are respectively connected to the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank by pipes. An exhaust valve is installed at the connection between the upper end of the heat exchange working medium channel and the pipeline, and the upper and lower parts of the water storage tank are respectively set into The water end and the drain end, the water inlet end and the drain end are respectively provided with a water inlet valve and a drain valve, and the outer wall of the water storage tank is provided with a radiator; The water tank, the heat exchange working medium channel and the pipeline form a circulation loop and maintain airtightness with the outside world; the water storage tank is arranged behind the photovoltaic cell module, and the bottom of the water storage tank is higher than the bottom of the heat exchange working medium channel. 2 . The energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation cooling device for photovoltaic cell components according to claim 1 , wherein thermal conductive silicone grease is arranged between the photovoltaic cell components and the aluminum alloy heat exchanger. 3 . 3. An energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic cell modules are fixed at an angle, and the bottom of the water storage tank is higher than the bottom of the heat exchange working medium channel. More than 1/4 of the vertical height of the component. 4. An energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for a photovoltaic cell assembly according to claim 3, wherein a sun visor is arranged on the rear and upper side of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the sun visor covers the aluminum alloy heat exchanger and the water storage tank . 5 . The energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of heat-exchanging working medium channels are arranged in the aluminum alloy heat exchanger. 6 . 6 . The energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1 or 5 , wherein the water storage tank is connected in parallel with a plurality of heat-exchanging working medium channels. 6 . 7 . The energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-section of the heat exchange working medium channel is polygonal or circular. 8 . The energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1 , wherein the passage for the heat exchange working medium is a straight passage or a curved passage. 9. An energy-saving water-cooled heat dissipation and cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1, wherein heat exchange fins are arranged above the aluminum alloy heat exchanger, and the heat exchange fins exchange heat with the aluminum alloy The device is integrally formed. 10 . The energy-saving water-cooled cooling device for photovoltaic cell modules according to claim 1 , wherein the pipe is a metal pipe, and heat dissipation fins are arranged on the outer wall of the metal pipe. 11 .