CN106654992A - Laser deicing method for power transmission line - Google Patents
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- CN106654992A CN106654992A CN201611049838.5A CN201611049838A CN106654992A CN 106654992 A CN106654992 A CN 106654992A CN 201611049838 A CN201611049838 A CN 201611049838A CN 106654992 A CN106654992 A CN 106654992A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
- H02G1/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for overhead lines or cables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光应用领域，具体涉及一种输电线激光除冰方法。The invention belongs to the field of laser applications, and in particular relates to a laser deicing method for power lines.
背景技术Background technique
据不完全统计，自上世纪中期以来，我国输电线路遭受不同程度的覆冰灾害多达上千次。输电线路覆冰将导致电线舞动、断线、杆塔倒塌、绝缘子闪络等事故，对电网的正常运转和人民生活带来了极大不便。为减少覆冰引起各种事故的发生，诸多科研单位和高等院校展开了输电线路除冰技术的研究，并已取得一定成效。目前国内外除冰方法繁多，除冰机理可归纳为热力融冰法、机械除冰、自然除冰和机器人除冰法等。According to incomplete statistics, since the middle of the last century, my country's transmission lines have suffered as many as thousands of icing disasters to varying degrees. The icing of transmission lines will lead to accidents such as wire galloping, disconnection, tower collapse, insulator flashover, etc., which will bring great inconvenience to the normal operation of the power grid and people's lives. In order to reduce the occurrence of various accidents caused by icing, many research institutes and colleges and universities have carried out research on deicing technology for transmission lines, and have achieved certain results. At present, there are many deicing methods at home and abroad, and the deicing mechanism can be summarized as thermal deicing method, mechanical deicing method, natural deicing method and robot deicing method.
热力融冰法是指利用附加热源或导线自身发热来融化覆冰的方法。目前常见的热力融冰法有过电流融冰法、短路电流融冰、直流融冰三种方法。机械除冰法就是利用机械外力迫使导线上的覆冰脱落的方法。自然除冰法是指不需外界能量而靠自然力实现除冰的方法。如在输电线路上安装阻雪环、平衡锤等装置，在积雪或覆冰达到一定程度时，借助风力、重力等作用自行脱落，这种除冰方法简单易行，但具有较强的偶然性，不能实现可靠除冰。The thermal ice melting method refers to the method of using an additional heat source or the self-heating of the wire to melt the ice. At present, the common thermal deicing methods include over-current deicing method, short-circuit current deicing method and direct current deicing method. The mechanical deicing method is to use mechanical external force to force the ice coating on the wire to fall off. The natural deicing method refers to the method of deicing by natural force without external energy. For example, install snow rings, counterweights and other devices on the transmission line, and when the snow or ice reaches a certain level, it will fall off by itself with the help of wind force and gravity. This deicing method is simple and easy, but it has a strong chance , cannot achieve reliable deicing.
除了上述方法以外，人工除冰、激光除冰等方法也在应用或研究中。人工除冰法主要是由维护工人用拉杆或竹棒等沿线敲打电线，使覆冰脱落，这种方法仍然是我国主要采用的除冰方法之一。但是该法效率低下，环境对操作限制极大，且电力工人的生命安全受到极大的威胁。In addition to the above methods, artificial deicing, laser deicing and other methods are also being applied or researched. The artificial deicing method is mainly to use pull rods or bamboo sticks to beat the wires along the line by maintenance workers to make the ice cover fall off. This method is still one of the main deicing methods used in my country. However, this method is inefficient, the environment greatly restricts the operation, and the life safety of electric workers is greatly threatened.
激光除冰法是利用高功率、高能量的激光束对输电线路进行除冰的方法。目前的激光除冰法主要采用激光照射至覆冰上，使得覆冰表面吸收激光能量导致温度升高，冰的相态发生变化，融化成液态或者直接气化，达到激光融冰的效果。该方法具有远距离、非接触、外加热源、不需要在电网内部增加设备、不断电除冰等优点。但是该方法要求激光能量极高(冰对常见波长的激光束近乎“透明”，即吸收率很低，例如对1064nm波长激光的衰减率仅为0.04～0.05/m，532nm波长激光的衰减率仅为0.03～0.04/m)，融冰速度慢，单位能耗大，冰层厚度发生变化时，激光参数也要发生相应的变化，兼容性差，并且激光束穿透冰层作用于输电线上，易造成输电线损伤。Laser deicing is a method of deicing transmission lines using high-power, high-energy laser beams. The current laser deicing method mainly uses laser light to irradiate the ice, so that the ice-covered surface absorbs the laser energy to cause the temperature to rise, the phase state of the ice changes, and the ice melts into a liquid state or directly vaporizes to achieve the effect of laser ice melting. This method has the advantages of long-distance, non-contact, external heating source, no need to add equipment inside the power grid, and continuous power deicing. But this method requires extremely high laser energy (ice is almost "transparent" to laser beams of common wavelengths, that is, the absorption rate is very low, for example, the attenuation rate of 1064nm wavelength laser is only 0.04～0.05/m, and the attenuation rate of 532nm wavelength laser is only 0.03～0.04/m), the ice melting speed is slow, the unit energy consumption is large, when the thickness of the ice layer changes, the laser parameters will also change accordingly, the compatibility is poor, and the laser beam penetrates the ice layer and acts on the transmission line. It is easy to cause damage to the transmission line.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足，提供了一种无损伤、高兼容性的输电线激光除冰方法。The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the prior art above, and provides a non-damaging and highly compatible laser deicing method for transmission lines.
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种输电线激光除冰方法，包括如下步骤：A power line laser deicing method, comprising the steps of:
(1)在无绝缘皮的裸输电线表面预先刷涂一层有机聚合物涂层，要求该有机聚合物涂层对后续步骤中采用的激光束吸收率大于70％，涂层厚度0.01mm～1mm；(1) Pre-paint a layer of organic polymer coating on the surface of the bare power line without insulation. It is required that the absorption rate of the organic polymer coating for the laser beam used in the subsequent steps is greater than 70%, and the coating thickness is 0.01mm~ 1mm;
(2)当输电线上有冰覆盖时，输出脉冲激光束，使激光束穿透透明冰层聚焦于输电线表面的有机聚合物涂层上，有机聚合物涂层吸收激光后发生极速升温(升温速率可达106～107℃/s)，通过调节激光工艺参数控制激光功率密度使得有机聚合物涂层产生剧烈烧蚀汽化现象，产生的蒸汽压形成瞬间爆破冲击波，撑裂激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近热影响区的冰层，同时由于有机聚合物涂层及金属输电线的热传导作用，将使得激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近热影响区的冰层与有机聚合物涂层接触的界面发生薄层融化，即解除冰层与有机聚合物涂层的固态附着力；(2) When the transmission line is covered with ice, a pulsed laser beam is output, so that the laser beam penetrates through the transparent ice layer and focuses on the organic polymer coating on the surface of the transmission line. After the organic polymer coating absorbs the laser, the temperature rises rapidly ( The heating rate can reach 10 6 ～10 7 ℃/s), and by adjusting the laser process parameters to control the laser power density, the organic polymer coating will undergo severe ablation and vaporization. At the same time, due to the heat conduction effect of the organic polymer coating and the metal transmission line, the ice layer in the laser focused irradiation area and the nearby heat-affected zone will be in contact with the organic polymer coating A thin layer of melting occurs at the interface of the ice layer, that is, the solid adhesion between the ice layer and the organic polymer coating is released;
(3)移动激光束在有机聚合物涂层的聚焦位置，即使得激光束沿输电线作轨迹扫描运动，扫描轨迹间隔一定距离(间隔距离小于等于激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近的热影响区宽度)，实现输电线上经过激光扫描的区域碎裂的冰层碎片在重力作用下掉下，沿输电线作此扫描运动即可实现长距离输电线的除冰。(3) Move the focus position of the laser beam on the organic polymer coating, that is, make the laser beam scan along the transmission line, and the scanning track is separated by a certain distance (the distance is less than or equal to the laser focused irradiation area and the nearby heat-affected area Width), to realize that the broken ice fragments in the laser-scanned area on the transmission line fall under the action of gravity, and the scanning movement along the transmission line can realize the deicing of the long-distance transmission line.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1、本发明所述的输电线激光除冰方法通过有机聚合物涂层的吸收激光、快速升温、烧蚀汽化效应，巧妙利用包裹冰层的约束作用产生爆破冲击波，而破碎冰层，利用有机聚合物涂层导热效应解除冰层与有机聚合物涂层的固态附着力，实现了输电线的有效除冰。1. The laser deicing method for transmission lines according to the present invention uses the laser absorption, rapid temperature rise, and ablation vaporization effects of the organic polymer coating to cleverly use the confinement of the wrapped ice layer to generate blasting shock waves, and break the ice layer. The heat conduction effect of the polymer coating releases the solid-state adhesion between the ice layer and the organic polymer coating, and realizes the effective deicing of the transmission line.
2、本发明的输电线激光除冰方法利用金属与涂层材料的熔点差异，除冰过程激光对输电线本身的金属层无影响，实现了无损除冰。2. The laser deicing method for transmission lines of the present invention utilizes the melting point difference between metal and coating material, and the laser has no effect on the metal layer of the transmission line itself during the deicing process, thus realizing non-destructive deicing.
3、本发明所述的输电线激光除冰方法，激光束穿过“透明”冰层而实现除冰，与覆冰层厚度无关，因此多厚的冰都可以除。3. In the laser deicing method for power lines according to the present invention, the laser beam passes through the "transparent" ice layer to achieve deicing, which has nothing to do with the thickness of the ice layer, so no matter how thick the ice is, it can be removed.
4、本发明利用了有机聚合物涂层对激光束的高吸收率特性，使得除冰所需的激光能量大大小于传统冰层直接吸收的激光除冰方法，激光器设备参数要求低，成本低，并且不会对输电线造成损伤。4. The present invention utilizes the high absorption rate characteristic of the organic polymer coating to the laser beam, so that the laser energy required for deicing is much smaller than the traditional laser deicing method directly absorbed by the ice layer, and the laser equipment parameters are low and the cost is low. And it will not cause damage to the power line.
5、本发明采用激光扫描方法进行除冰，相比传统机械除冰、人工除冰方法，实现了远程操作、无接触除冰，快速、操作方便，且更加安全。5. The present invention adopts the laser scanning method for deicing. Compared with the traditional mechanical deicing and manual deicing methods, it realizes remote operation and non-contact deicing, which is fast, convenient and safer.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in combination with specific embodiments.
本发明提供了一种输电线激光除冰方法，具体包括如下步骤：The invention provides a laser deicing method for transmission lines, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1)在无绝缘皮的裸输电线表面预先刷涂一层有机聚合物涂层，要求该有机聚合物涂层对后续步骤中采用的激光束吸收率大于70％；该有机聚合物涂层可以在输电线无冰时刷涂或喷涂，涂层厚度0.01mm～1mm；(1) A layer of organic polymer coating is pre-painted on the surface of the bare power line without insulation, and the organic polymer coating is required to have an absorption rate of more than 70% for the laser beam used in the subsequent steps; the organic polymer coating It can be brushed or sprayed when the transmission line is free of ice, and the coating thickness is 0.01mm~1mm;
(2)当输电线上有冰覆盖时，输出脉冲激光束，使激光束穿透“透明”冰层聚焦于输电线表面的有机聚合物涂层上，有机聚合物涂层吸收激光后发生极速升温(升温速率可达106～107℃/s)，通过调节激光工艺参数控制激光功率密度使得有机聚合物涂层产生剧烈烧蚀汽化现象，产生的蒸汽压形成瞬间爆破冲击波，撑裂激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近热影响区的冰层，同时由于有机聚合物涂层及金属输电线的热传导作用，将使得激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近热影响区的冰层与有机聚合物涂层接触的界面发生薄层融化，即解除冰层与有机聚合物涂层的固态附着力；(2) When the transmission line is covered with ice, a pulsed laser beam is output, so that the laser beam penetrates the "transparent" ice layer and focuses on the organic polymer coating on the surface of the transmission line. Heating (heating rate can reach 10 6 ~ 10 7 ℃/s), by adjusting the laser process parameters to control the laser power density, the organic polymer coating will undergo violent ablation and vaporization, and the generated vapor pressure will form an instantaneous blasting shock wave, which will break the laser The ice layer in the focused irradiation area and the nearby heat-affected zone, and due to the heat conduction effect of the organic polymer coating and the metal transmission line, will make the ice layer in the laser focused irradiation area and the nearby heat-affected zone and the organic polymer coating A thin layer of melting occurs at the interface where the layers are in contact, that is, the solid adhesion between the ice layer and the organic polymer coating is released;
所述激光束的波长要求冰层对其衰减率小于0.1/m，即对该波长激光束可视作“透明”；The wavelength of the laser beam requires that the attenuation rate of the ice layer is less than 0.1/m, that is, the laser beam of this wavelength can be regarded as "transparent";
(3)移动激光束在有机聚合物涂层的聚焦位置，即使得激光束沿输电线作轨迹扫描运动，扫描轨迹间隔一定距离(间隔距离小于等于激光聚焦辐照作用区及附近的热影响区宽度)，实现输电线上经过激光扫描的区域碎裂的冰层碎片在重力作用下掉下，沿输电线作此扫描运动即可实现长距离输电线的除冰。(3) Move the focus position of the laser beam on the organic polymer coating, that is, make the laser beam scan along the transmission line, and the scanning track is separated by a certain distance (the distance is less than or equal to the laser focused irradiation area and the nearby heat-affected area Width), to realize that the broken ice fragments in the laser-scanned area on the transmission line fall under the action of gravity, and the scanning movement along the transmission line can realize the deicing of the long-distance transmission line.
本发明可改变为多种方式对本领域的技术人员是显而易见的，这样的改变不认为脱离本发明的范围。所有这样的对所述领域的技术人员显而易见的修改，将包括在本权利要求的范围之内。It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified in various ways and such modifications are not to be regarded as departing from the scope of the present invention. All such modifications obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claim.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107658779A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-02 | 清华大学 | A kind of method based on pulse laser processing overhead line foreign matter |
| CN108565810A (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2018-09-21 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Operating method for melting ice by adopting carbon dioxide laser |
| CN112382735A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-19 | 东莞赣锋电子有限公司 | Method for preparing lithium ion battery pole piece by laser cleaning |
| CN112769084A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-05-07 | 宝宇(武汉)激光技术有限公司 | Laser-microwave composite deicing system and method |
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