CN106644042B - Ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit and its method based on controllable filter group - Google Patents
Ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit and its method based on controllable filter group Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuits and its method based on controllable filter group, effectively increase the fine degree and real-time of signal Power Spectrum Analysis.The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit based on controllable filter group, it is characterized in that, tandem compound and a digital signal processor including a series of filters parallel arrangement of in the frequency range that ship noise energy is concentrated and square integrating detector, wherein the output end of all integrated square wave detectors is connected to the input terminal of digital signal processor.Wherein the passband of each path filter and centre frequency are controlled by external clock frequency, each frequency range of ship-radiated noise can be successively scanned according to preset sequence, since ships radiated noise signal power spectrum has regular hour stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ship noise analysis technical fields, and in particular to the ship noise power based on controllable filter group
Spectrum analysis circuit and its method.
Background technique
Naval vessels radiated noise power spectrum is generally by two kinds at being grouped as.One is broadband noises, are mainly derived from propeller
The cavitation processes of neighbouring seawater, frequency continuously about extend to tens kilo hertzs or more from zero；Another kind is extremely narrow line spectrum,
It is concentrated mainly on 1 kilo hertz of low-frequency range below.In naval vessels radiated noise signals power spectrumanalysis, line spectrum is particularly subject to pay attention to,
It is mainly due to the reciprocating motion of naval vessels mechanical part and the periodicity of propeller blade is struck waters and blade resonance generates.
Not only the distinctive concentration of naval vessels radiated noise power spectrum and stable energy can be used to improve detection performance, but also naval vessels radiation is made an uproar
The frequency information that power sound spectrum itself carries can be used for target component estimation and type identification.Actual measurement statistical data shows warship
Ship radiated noise signals line spectrum intensity compared with the power contained in 1 hertz of neighbouring continuous spectrum, have beyond 10~25dB, and
The stable time reaches 10 minutes or more.Therefore, a series of filter-square of contiguity of setting arranged side by side in interested frequency range
Device-integrator, then its output will provide input signal power spectrum and take in a series of frequencies (each narrow band filter centre frequency)
The estimation of value, this analysis method are known as filter group method in Underwater Acoustics Engineering field, and filter group used can be digital filtering
Device is also possible to analog filter.
The conventional ship-radiated noise power spectrum analysis method based on digital filter group, is related to large-scale numerical value
Operation, to the more demanding of digital circuit hardware platform, the real-time of operation result is limited by hardware platform arithmetic speed；
Conventional analog filter method is limited, wherein narrow-band filtering although the real-time of response is preferable by circuit system scale
The number of device is limited after all, and the dense arrangement degree of filter group directly limits the fineness of signal Power Spectrum Analysis.Therefore,
For the small-sized self-sustaining system that the indices such as circuit scale, power consumption all require, current conventional, simple number
Or analog filter group is used for ship-radiated noise power spectrumanalysis, is all difficult to take into account the real-time and fineness of analysis result.
In view of the above problems, due to naval vessels radiated noise power spectrum be within a certain period of time it is metastable, can
The time history of naval vessels radiated noise signals power spectrumanalysis is first divided into several sub- duty cycles, all sub- work weeks
The length of phase mutually adds up the stabilization time for being less than naval vessels radiated noise power spectrum.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides based on the ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit of controllable filter group and its side
Method effectively increases the fine degree and real-time of signal Power Spectrum Analysis.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the ship noise power spectrum based on controllable filter group
Analyze circuit, which is characterized in that including a series of filter peace parallel arrangement of in the frequency range that ship noise energy is concentrated
The tandem compound of square integrating detector and a digital signal processor, wherein the output end of all integrated square wave detectors
It is connected to the input terminal of digital signal processor.
The time history of naval vessels noise power spectrum analysis is divided into multiple sub- duty cycles, all sub- duty cycles
Mutually add up length be less than naval vessels noise power spectrum the stabilization time.
In the period as defined in a sub- duty cycle, the centre frequency of each filter according to third-octave interval
Dense arrangement constitutes analysis frequency range, and naval vessels noise signal is separated into several narrowbands letter after switch capacitor filter group
Number, after the processing of integrated square wave detector, estimated value of the naval vessels radiated noise signals in the analysis frequency range is obtained, number is sent to
Signal processor, obtains the analysis of current sub- duty cycle as a result, until all sub- duty cycles are analyzed completes, by will be every
The analysis result splicing that a sub- duty cycle obtains, obtains the analysis result of complete ship noise power spectrum.
Further, filter is switch capacitor filter.
Further, within next sub- duty cycle, by changing to each switch capacitor filter input clock frequency
The centre frequency of switch capacitor filter is connected it mutually with the analysis frequency range of a upper sub- duty cycle.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention constitutes controllable filter using the switch capacitor filter for having both number, analog filters design feature concurrently
Wave device group, the multi-channel filter group that several switch capacitor filter are constituted, wherein the passband of each path filter and center
Frequency is controlled by external clock frequency, and each frequency range of ship-radiated noise can be successively scanned according to preset sequence,
Since ships radiated noise signal power spectrum has regular hour stability, controllable filter group is equivalent to a large amount of solid matters
The fixed analog filter of parameter, signal frequency power spectrumanalysis can be effectively improved under the premise of control circuit scale
Fine degree；And the controllable filter group that switch capacitor filter is constituted, because without carrying out A/D or D/A conversion, the amount of being omitted
Change process and numerical operation, simpler compared with digital filter overall structure, processing speed faster, improves power spectrum signal point
The real-time of analysis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1-naval vessels radiated noise signals power spectrum analysis method flow chart；
Fig. 2-single channel controllably filters and integrated square circuit diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention aims to improve the real-time of the ship-radiated noise power spectrumanalysis based on filter group method with
Fineness constitutes controllable filter group using switch capacitor filter, and the passband and centre frequency of filter can be by external clocks
Frequency control, constitutes a series of filter group of solid matters in the frequency range concentrated to ships radiated noise signal energy, to each narrowband
Filter exports row integrated square, and institute's value and the power spectrum being located in narrow band filter centre frequency are approximatively proportional.
As a result, on hardware handles circuit, a series of contiguity of setting arranged side by side in the frequency range that ships radiated noise signal energy is concentrated
Filtering-square-integrator, then its output will provide input power spectrum in a series of frequencies (each narrow band filter centre frequency)
The estimation of value.
Narrow band filter in the present invention realizes that specific circuit form is switch-capacitor filtering using controllable filter
Device, basic structure are that the capacitor with high-speed switch is connected between two node of circuit, the switch that external clock passes through control capacitor
Frequency controls the electric current between flowing through two contacts, it is made to be equivalent to a frequency control resistance, the frequency control resistance and other definite value electricity
Hold and constitutes active RC filter, therefore, the time constant of the filter freguency response depends on the control frequency that frequency controls resistance, therefore
As long as changing clock frequency controls the time constant of filter freguency response, can also determine the passband of filter with
Centre frequency.
This ships radiated noise signal power spectrumanalysis and estimation method are realized with hardware circuit: since naval vessels radiation is made an uproar
Power sound spectrum is metastable within a certain period of time, thus can first by naval vessels radiated noise signals power spectrumanalysis when
Between course be divided into several sub- duty cycles, the length that mutually adds up of all sub- duty cycles is less than naval vessels radiated noise function
The stabilization time of rate spectrum；Several switch capacitor filter constitute controllable filter group parallel, in a sub- duty cycle regulation
Period in, the centre frequency of each switch capacitor filter constitutes certain point according to the interval dense arrangement of third-octave
Frequency range is analysed, filter rear class couples integrating detector, and naval vessels radiated noise signals are separated after switch capacitor filter group
Naval vessels radiated noise signals are obtained in the analysis frequency range after the processing of integrated square wave detector for several narrow band signals
Estimated value is sent to digital signal processor；Equally, and then in next sub- duty cycle, in each switch capacitor filter
Frequency of heart changes under the control of external clock frequency, is mutually connected with upper analysis frequency range, repeats above-mentioned filtering-
Square-integral process.And so on, the centre frequency of controllable filter is varied multiple times respectively within multiple sub- duty cycles,
For the ship-radiated noise power spectrum with certain time stability, it is close to be equivalent to large number of narrow band filter group
Row completes the analysis of ship-radiated noise power spectrum by timesharing, split processing.
Embodiment,
1) as shown in Fig. 1
Due to naval vessels radiated noise power spectrum be within a certain period of time it is metastable, first naval vessels can be radiated
The time history of noise power spectrum analysis is divided into several sub- duty cycles.Within a sub- duty cycle, naval vessel spoke
Noise signal is penetrated by after energy converter perception reception, is changed into the preamplifier that electric signal is input to rear class, through preamplifier
After impedance matching and amplification, it is input to the controllable filter group of rear class multichannel, controllable filter group is by a series of center frequencies
Rate is connected arrangement and Parameter adjustable control bandpass filter composition with passband；Signal divides after multichannel bandpass filtering
Not Jin Ru rear class integrated square wave detector, by square-integral after, be input to the digital signal processor of rear class, number letter
Number processor can be the universal digital signal processing platform being made of single-chip microcontroller or dsp chip；And it is next immediately
In the sub- duty cycle, the centre frequency and passband of controllable filter group change under the control of external clock frequency, under
Setting centre frequency and passband parameter in one band limits, and treatment process on last stage is repeated, and so on, through excessive
The scanning of naval vessels radiated noise signals power collection Mid Frequency is completed in the continuous analysis of a sub- duty cycle.It therefore, is substantially benefit
With the stability of naval vessels radiated noise signals power spectrum within a certain period of time, signal power is completed by way of time-division processing
The scanning of spectrum.
The physical meaning or physical basis for wherein specifically including are: the Fourier from power spectrum as continuous auto-correlation function
The definition of leaf transformation is set out, and filter group method is realized for power Spectral Estimation by hardware circuit:
If x (t) is that the zero-mean of a reality is steadily random, correlation function is respectively with power spectral density
Well known Power estimation classical way has filtering-square-integrator structure, its working principle is that according to random mistake
Following fundamental relations of journey
Wherein H (ω) is the frequency transfer function of a certain filter；Sx(ω) is input power spectrum；Sy(ω) is output work
Rate spectrum.τ=0 is enabled,
If H (ω) is a narrowband rectangular filter, centre frequency is in ± ω1, bandwidth is Δ ω.It is average that pot life is set again
Approximation is average instead of system, then has
Above description, to narrow band filter output y (t) progress integrated square, institute's value and in narrow band filter
Frequency of heart ω1On power spectrum it is approximatively proportional.Therefore, arranged side by side in the frequency range that ships radiated noise signal power is concentrated
A series of filtering-square-the integrator of contiguity is set, then its output will provide input power spectrum in a series of frequencies (each narrowband
Filter centre frequency) on value estimation.This method is also referred to as filter group method, and the number setting of filter it is closeer,
Single filter bandwidth is narrower, and Power estimation is more accurate.The present invention uses controllable filter group, is exactly believed using ship-radiated noise
The stability of power frequency spectrum within a certain period of time alleviates the number and spectrum analysis precision of filter by way of time-division processing
Between contradictory problems.
2) as shown in Fig. 2
Single controllable filter circuit and integrated square detecting circuit, mainly by switch capacitor filter, zero adjustment circuit,
Squaring circuit, integrating circuit etc. are constituted, and wherein integrating circuit has detection function concurrently；Zero adjustment circuit is to eliminate electric signal
Direct current offset before square operation.
A) switch capacitor filter: 4 rank band logicals being made of integrated switched capacitor filtering chip MAX7490 and peripheral resistance
Filter, wherein core devices integrated circuit U1 is the switch-capacitor filtering chip MAX7490 of MAXIM company, by MAX7490's
A, the 2 rank filters cascade in two channels B constitutes 4 rank bandpass filters.In channel A in figure, the integrated electricity of the termination of resistance R3 mono-
The pin 3 (NA/HPA pin) of road U1, another terminating resistor R1, in this way, resistance R3 is as the anti-of the inside channel A high-pass filter
Feed resistance；Resistance R2 mono- terminates the pin 2 (BPA pin) of integrated circuit U1, and another terminating resistor R1, resistance R2 is as channel A
The feedback resistance of internal pass band filter, current-limiting resistance of the resistance R1 as input terminal thus constitute a 2 rank band logicals filter
Wave device；Likewise, resistance R6 mono- terminates the pin 14 (NB/HPB pin) of integrated circuit U1, another terminating resistor in the B of channel
R4, in this way, feedback resistance of the resistance R6 as high-pass filter inside the B of channel；The pin of the termination of resistance R5 mono- integrated circuit U1
15 (BPB pins), another terminating resistor R4, feedback resistance of the resistance R5 as channel B internal pass band filter, resistance R4 conduct
The current-limiting resistance of input terminal, this has just equally constituted a 2 rank bandpass filters.Since resistance R4 joins bandpass filter A and B
It connecing, two 2 rank bandpass filters cascades just constitute a 4 rank bandpass filters, the stopband attenuation speed of filter is improved, from
And improve filter effect.
The centre frequency f of the 4 rank bandpass filters constituted0The external clock frequency f inputted by the pin 9 of U1CLKControl,
Wherein:
The quality factor q of filter is determined by the resistance value of resistance R2 and R3:
And so on, several switch capacitor filter parallel connections constitute controllable filter group, and peripheral resistance chooses identical ginseng
Several precision resistors.The difference is that external clock frequency fCLKSelection it is different, make the centre frequency f of each filter0According to one
Fixed rule contiguity arrangement, such as being alternatively arranged according to third-octave.
B) zeroing circuit, capacitor C1, C2, C3 are for the AC signal connection (being empirically worth) between circuits at different levels, together
When play the role of completely cut off direct current, due to integrated switched capacitor filtering chip MAX7490 using single supply power supply, output signal
There are certain DC offset voltages for zero datum, and influence of the squaring circuit of rear class to DC offset voltage is more sensitive,
Therefore, a kind of zeroing circuit is inserted between filter circuit and squaring circuit, zeroing circuit constitutes double using amplifier chip AD820
The reference voltage of signal is adjusted to zero point by the follower of power supply power supply.A termination U2 amplifier chip AD820 of adjustable resistor R8
Pin 1, a pipe nipple foot 5 adjusts pipe nipple foot 4, can be to the reference data of signal by external adjustable resistor R8
Voltage carries out intense adjustment, and reference voltage is made to be adjusted to zero point.
On the normal phase input end pin 3 of mono- chip termination AD820 of resistance R7, one end ground connection plays the role of impedance matching,
High offset voltage caused by avoiding input impedance excessively high.
C) squaring circuit is realized using integrated analog multiplier AD534, and chip AD534 is a kind of 4 quadrant integrated simulations
Multiplier, can be by the signal multiplication (4 quadrant) of input pin 1 and pin 6.The two termination U3 chips of resistance R10 and capacitor Cf
The pin 10 and pin 11 of AD534, the both ends of resistance R9 connect the pin 11 and pin 12 of AD534 respectively.Resistance R9, resistance R10
Determine that the weight coefficient of multiplying, such as R9 take 90k, R10 that 10k, Cf is taken to take 200pF with the value of capacitor Cf, then weight coefficient
It is just 1.
Signal of the prime by zeroing is input to pin 1 and pin 6, and same signal multiplication is achieved that square operation.
D) integrating circuit, integrating circuit are made of U4 operational amplifier AD820 and peripheral capacitance resistance ware, substantially, integral
Circuit itself just has the function of wave detector concurrently.The one end resistance R10 connects prime, and one end connects the anti-of U4 operational amplifier AD820
Phase input terminal (pin 2), plays the role of to current-limiting resistance；The both ends of capacitor C4 connect the pipe of U4 operational amplifier AD820 respectively
Foot 2 and pin 6 play the role of exchanging negative-feedback；The integration time constant of integrating circuit is taking by resistance R10 and capacitor C4
Value determines:
Integration time constant: τ=R11C4
The both ends of resistance Rf connect the pin 2 and pin 6 of U4 operational amplifier AD820 respectively, play the work of direct current negative-feedback
With the arithmetic eror for preventing the direct current open loop of U4 operational amplifier AD820 from introducing.
The pin 1 of a termination U2 amplifier chip AD820 of adjustable resistor R14, a pipe nipple foot 5 adjust pipe nipple foot
4, for reducing the offset voltage of amplifier chip AD820 itself.
On the normal phase input end pin 3 of mono- chip termination AD820 of resistance R13, one end ground connection plays balanced operational amplifier chip
The effect of the positive and negative phase input offset current of AD820.
To sum up, the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (2)
1. the ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit based on controllable filter group, which is characterized in that be included in ship noise energy
The tandem compound and a digital signal of a series of parallel arrangement of filters and square integrating detector in the frequency range of concentration
Processor, wherein the output end of all integrated square wave detectors is connected to the input terminal of digital signal processor；
The time history of naval vessels noise power spectrum analysis is divided into multiple sub- duty cycles, the phase of all sub- duty cycles
Add up the stabilization time that length is less than naval vessels noise power spectrum；
In the period as defined in a sub- duty cycle, the centre frequency of each filter is intensive according to the interval of third-octave
Arrangement constitutes analysis frequency range, and naval vessels noise signal is separated into several narrow band signals after switch capacitor filter group,
After the processing of integrated square wave detector, estimated value of the naval vessels radiated noise signals in the analysis frequency range is obtained, digital letter is sent to
Number processor, obtains the analysis of current sub- duty cycle as a result, until all sub- duty cycles are analyzed completes, by will be each
The analysis result splicing that the sub- duty cycle obtains, obtains the analysis result of complete ship noise power spectrum；
Within next sub- duty cycle, by changing switch capacitor filter to each switch capacitor filter input clock frequency
Centre frequency, be connected it mutually with the analysis frequency range of a upper sub- duty cycle.
2. the ship noise power spectrumanalysis circuit based on controllable filter group as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating filter is switch capacitor filter.
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