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CN106643550A - Three-dimensional topographic measurement device based on digital holographic scanning and measurement method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional topographic measurement device based on digital holographic scanning and measurement method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106643550A
CN106643550A CN201611083310.XA CN201611083310A CN106643550A CN 106643550 A CN106643550 A CN 106643550A CN 201611083310 A CN201611083310 A CN 201611083310A CN 106643550 A CN106643550 A CN 106643550A
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semi
prism
digital hologram
light wave
ccd
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CN201611083310.XA
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CN106643550B (en
Inventor
姚震
吴易明
樊鹏格
朱帆
尹逊龙
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Xi'an Zhongke Photoelectric Precision Engineering Co Ltd
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Xi'an Zhongke Photoelectric Precision Engineering Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2441Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional topographic measurement device based on digital holographic scanning and a measurement method thereof. The three-dimensional topographic measurement device comprises a mobile measurement device and a digital holographic detection module. The digital holographic detection module comprises a laser device. A semi-transmitting and semi-reflective prism is arranged on the emergent laser beam surface of the laser device. A spatial filter is arranged between the semi-transmitting and semi-reflective prism and the laser device. A wavelength selection beam splitting prism is arranged in the semi-transmitting direction of the semi-transmitting and semi-reflective prism. A laser range finder is arranged on the wavelength selection beam splitting prism. A CCD/CMOS photoelectric coupler and a plane reflective mirror are arranged on and below the semi-transmitting and semi-reflective prism. A workpiece to be measured is arranged on the reflective light path of the wavelength selection beam splitting prism. According to the device, laser range finding and image splicing are performed on child measurement area three-dimensional models so that the large workpiece surface three-dimensional topography can be obtained, actual measurement can be recorded, the workpiece surface three-dimensional topography can be rapidly reconstructed and the requirements of the instrument for the movement accuracy of the mobile measurement device can be reduced.

Description

A kind of apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile scanned based on digital hologram and measuring method
Technical field
The invention belongs to measuring three-dimensional morphology field, is related to a kind of object three-dimensional profile measuring device, and in particular to be based on The measuring three-dimensional morphology of digital hologram scanning, using three axle planer-type displacement platforms or six shaft mechanical arms the device of scanning is realized And measuring method.
Background technology
Field is manufactured in Aero-Space, weaponry and large scale industry, with increasing material manufacturing and laser manufacture level Develop rapidly, surface of the work retrofit ability is obviously improved, while the high precision test to work pieces process level Demand is urgent, needs quick and precisely to measure the three-dimensional appearance of surface of the work using measuring apparatus.Measuring three-dimensional morphology master It is divided into microscopic three-dimensional topography measurement and macroscopic three dimensional topography measurement, both differences are that the surface texture of micro-object is It is made up of many microscopic structural units, its shape characteristic is more much more complex than macro object.Micro-object topography measurement needs indirect Or directly by micrometering, typical measuring apparatus have the NewView800 series 3D surface profiles that ZYGO companies produce The optical profilometer and Switzerland Lyncee of instrument, the Dektak plurality of probes formula contourgraphs of vecco companies of the U.S. and NT series The digital holographic microscope of Tec SA companies, above metering system can obtain micron order even nanoscale transverse direction and longitudinal direction and differentiate Rate, measurement range is less;Macro object topography measurement is mainly by measuring thing by the way of mechanical probes or optical probe The space coordinates of body surface face each point, the type measuring apparatus mainly include the six degree of freedom machinery of Frao companies, Lecia companies The industrial photogrammetry system of arm, the coordinate of gantry three of Zeiss company and V-STARS, such measuring apparatus can be to several meters very Object dimensional pattern to more than ten meters is measured, and certainty of measurement is generally several microns or tens microns.In order to expand measurement model Ensure the measuring precision while enclosing, optical probe is integrated in high-precision three axles planer-type displacement platform by portioned product, Point by point scanning measurement is carried out to the three-D profile of large-sized object by traveling probe, object dimensional pattern, the party is finally fitted Case needs to gather substantial amounts of cloud data, and object lateral resolution is subject to point cloud acquisition interval and displacement platform displacement simultaneously The restriction of precision.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile scanned based on digital hologram and measuring method. The method substitutes the measurement probe of three axle planer-type displacement platforms or sixdegree-of-freedom simulation with digital hologram measurement module, leads to Cross three-shaft displacement platform or mechanical arm drive digital hologram measurement module to carry out region-by-region scanning survey to large-scale workpiece surface, Digital reconstruction is carried out to each measured zone by hologram-reproducing method, using merging algorithm for images antithetical phrase area three-dimensional reconstruction model Carry out 3 D spliced, finally restore high-precision surface of the work three-dimensional appearance.
Used as a kind of method of measuring three-dimensional morphology, the purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposals.
A kind of apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile scanned based on digital hologram, including a traverse measuring device and numeral are provided Holographic test module, the digital hologram detection module is assemblied in a measurement apparatus, and digital hologram detection module is in measurement Large-scale workpiece surface region is measured under the drive of device;
The digital hologram detection module include a laser instrument, laser emitting laser beam face be provided with one piece it is semi-transparent semi-reflecting Prism, between semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism and laser instrument spatial filter is provided with;In the semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism half transmitting direction Being provided with one piece of wavelength selects Amici prism, wavelength to select Amici prism top to be provided with a laser range finder;Described semi-transparent half Anti- prism top is provided with a CCD/CMOS photoelectrical couplers, and below the semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism plane mirror, ripple are provided with It is long to select the reflected light path of Amici prism to be provided with workpiece for measurement.
Further, the traverse measuring device is the coordinate of gantry three or sixdegree-of-freedom simulation.
Further, the traverse measuring device is connected with computer control system.
Further, the wavelength selects Amici prism to be coated with a layer-selective penetrating reflecting film, can make digital breath module The light-wave transmission that laser instrument sends, makes the light wave reflection that laser range finder sends.
Further, the spatial filter includes microcobjective and the pin hole being located on microcobjective, spatial filter Emitting light path is provided with a collimation camera lens.
Correspondingly, The present invention gives a kind of 3 D measuring method scanned based on digital hologram, including following steps Suddenly:
1) the coordinate displacement platform of mobile gantry three or six shaft mechanical arms, by digital hologram detection module workpiece for measurement table is directed at Face region;
2) laser instrument filters the radio-frequency component of laser emitting light through spatial filter, with flat after collimation camera lens Row light beam is incident to semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism;
3) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism reflected light through the reflection of plane mirror, again pass by semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism;
4) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism transmitted light through wavelength select Amici prism after, through the reflection of object under test, Again pass by wavelength and select Amici prism and semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism;
5) step 2), 3) the two-way light beam CCD/CMOS imageing sensors surface formed hologram interference picture;
6) using the distance of the measurable object plane of laser range finder to CCD/CMOS window planes, i.e. recording distance d, by this Recording distance d is updated in Object light wave formula, and the interference for obtaining Object light wave and reference light wave on CCD/CMOS imageing sensors is strong Degree information;
7) Object light wave and the interference strength information transmission of reference light wave that CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are obtained extremely is counted Calculation machine, computer the image that the CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are collected is carried out denoising, Spectrum Conversion, Phase Unwrapping Algorithm, Three-dimensional reconstruction and image mosaic, you can obtain the three-D pattern on large-scale workpiece surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
This scan-type apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile adopts digital hologram measurement module, region-by-region Scanning Detction, using laser Stadia surveying object plane obtains Object light wave and reference on CCD/CMOS imageing sensors to the distance of CCD/CMOS window planes The interference strength information of light wave;3 D spliced is completed to all subregion Three-dimension Reconstruction Model using merging algorithm for images, it is final multiple Original goes out the three-dimensional appearance of surface of the work.It is higher compared to above-mentioned point by point scanning measurement efficiency, the table of large-scale workpiece can be rapidly completed Face topography measurement, by antithetical phrase measured zone threedimensional model image mosaic process is carried out, and the real-time measurement of recording distance fills this The three-dimensional appearance that surface of the work is quickly rebuild by need not strictly controlling scanning distance is put, instrument is reduced to three axle planer-types The requirement of displacement platform and manipulator motion precision.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is gantry three-coordinates measuring machine installation drawing for loading holography module;
Fig. 2 is the sixdegree-of-freedom simulation measuring instrument installation drawing for loading holography module;
Fig. 3 is digital hologram module diagram of the present invention for apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile.
In Fig. 1:1 is traverse measuring device (three-shaft displacement platform of gantry three-coordinates measuring machine), and 2 is digital hologram measurement Module, 3 is workpiece for measurement.
In Fig. 2:1 is traverse measuring device (sixdegree-of-freedom simulation), and 2 is digital hologram detection module, and 3 is work to be measured Part.
In Fig. 3:2-1 is laser instrument, and 2-2 is spatial filter, and 2-3 is collimator objective, and 2-4 is semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism, 2-5 It is plane mirror, 2-6 is that wavelength selects Amici prism, and 2-7 is CCD/CMOS photoelectrical couplers, and 2-8 is laser range finder.
Specific embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile of digital hologram scanning, including a traverse measurement dress should be based on Put 1 (coordinate of gantry three or sixdegree-of-freedom simulation) and digital Holographic test module 2.Digital hologram detection module 2 is assemblied in shifting In dynamic measurement apparatus 1, traverse measuring device is connected with computer control system, and digital hologram detection module 2 is filled in traverse measurement Put large-scale workpiece surface regional is measured under 1 drive.
As shown in figure 3, digital hologram detection module 2 includes a laser instrument 2-1, a spatial filter 2-2, a collimator objective 2-3, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4, a plane mirror 2-5 a, wavelength selects Amici prism 2-6, a CCD/CMOS photoelectricity A coupler 2-7 and laser range finder 2-8.One piece of semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4 is provided with laser emitting laser beam face, Spatial filter 2-2 is provided between semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4 and laser instrument 2-1;In semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4 half transmittings direction It is provided with one piece of wavelength and selects Amici prism 2-6, a CCD/CMOS photoelectrical coupler 2- is provided with above semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4 7, a plane mirror 2-5 is provided with below semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4, wavelength selects to be set on the reflected light path of Amici prism 2-6 There is workpiece for measurement 3.
Wavelength selects Amici prism 2-6 to be coated with one layer of wavelength selectivity penetrating reflecting film, makes what holography module laser instrument 1 sent Light-wave transmission, the light wave reflection for sending laser range finder 2-8, to separate two light waves, in order to avoid interact.Spatial filter 2- 2 include microcobjective and the pin hole being located on microcobjective, and the emitting light path of spatial filter is provided with a collimation camera lens 2- 3, collimation lens focus select to be determined regarding specific requirement.
Laser instrument 2-1 sends a light wave, and Jing spatial filter 2-2 are expanded, after collimation camera lens 2-3 collimations, into semi-transparent half Anti- prism 2-4, reflected light travels to plane mirror 2-5 Jing after its reflection, enter back into semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism 2-4, transmitted light Jing Wavelength selects to enter object under test 3 after Amici prism 2-6, wavelength is again passed through after reflection and selects Amici prism 2-6, into semi-transparent Half anti-prism 2-4, two-beam is interfered on CCD/CMOS photoelectrical coupler 2-7 faces, forms holographic interference pattern.
Digital hologram detection module is assemblied on traverse measuring device, as measurement probe to a certain area in large-scale workpiece surface Domain measures, and in the case where the coordinate displacement platform of gantry three or six shaft mechanical arms drive, completes to carry out district by district large-scale workpiece surface Domain scanning survey.After being measured, under the drive of three-shaft displacement platform or mechanical arm, mobile digital hologram measurement probe Position, measures to another region in large-scale workpiece surface, is scanned through and measures, and completes the Surface testing of large-scale workpiece, so Afterwards digital reconstruction is carried out to each measured zone by the reproducting method of digital hologram, and using merging algorithm for images to each sub-district Domain Three-dimension Reconstruction Model completes 3 D spliced, finally restores the three-dimensional appearance of surface of the work in high precision.
Concrete scheme of the present invention realizes step:
1) the coordinate displacement platform of mobile gantry three (or six shaft mechanical arms) will measure large-scale workpiece needed for holography module alignment Surface region.
2) laser instrument filters the radio-frequency component of laser emitting light through spatial filter, with flat after collimation camera lens Row light beam is incident to semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism.
3) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism reflected light through the reflection of plane mirror, again pass by semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism.
4) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism transmitted light through wavelength select Amici prism after, through the reflection of object under test, Again pass by wavelength and select Amici prism and semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism.
5) above step 2), 3) two-way light beam CCD/CMOS imageing sensors surface formed hologram interference picture.
6) using the distance of the measurable object plane of laser range finder to CCD/CMOS window planes, i.e. recording distance d, by this Recording distance d is updated in Object light wave formula, and the interference for obtaining Object light wave and reference light wave on CCD/CMOS imageing sensors is strong Degree information;
By reproduction Object light wave formula,
U (x', y')=F-1{F{R(x,y)IH(x,y)}G(fx,fy)}
Wherein, R (x, y) be reference light wave, F for Fourier transformation mathematic sign, IH(x, y) is CCD/CMOS images biography The interference strength information of Object light wave and reference light wave, G (f on sensorx,fy) it is transmission function of the diffraction propagation in frequency domain effect,
In formula, to rebuild optical wavelength, typically with reference light consistent wavelength, d ' is reconstruction distance to λ;
Reconstruction depends on the value of recording distance d apart from the determination of d ', is made according to the recording distance information for measuring in real time For the value foundation of d ' in above formula, you can complete the real-time reproduction of digital hologram scanning, reduce instrument to three axle planer-type positions Move the requirement of platform or manipulator motion precision.
7) Object light wave and the interference strength information transmission of reference light wave that CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are obtained extremely is counted Calculation machine, computer the image that the CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are collected is carried out denoising, Spectrum Conversion, Phase Unwrapping Algorithm, Three-dimensional reconstruction and image mosaic, you can obtain the three-D pattern on large-scale workpiece surface.
In traverse measuring device, the coordinate displacement platform of gantry three or sixdegree-of-freedom simulation measurement apparatus are not limited to, with Related movable fixture of the invention is all in the protection authority of the present invention.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, Here simply show preferred embodiment, any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope Change or replacement that are interior, can readily occurring in, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile scanned based on digital hologram, an including traverse measuring device and digital hologram inspection Survey module, it is characterised in that the digital hologram detection module is assemblied on a traverse measuring device, digital hologram detection mould Block is measured under the drive of traverse measuring device to large-scale workpiece for measurement surface region;
The digital hologram detection module includes a laser instrument, and laser emitting laser beam face is provided with one piece of semi-transparent semi-reflecting rib Mirror, between semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism and laser instrument spatial filter is provided with;Set in the semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism half transmitting direction Being equipped with one piece of wavelength selects Amici prism, wavelength to select Amici prism top to be provided with a laser range finder;Described semi-transparent semi-reflecting Prism top is provided with a CCD/CMOS photoelectrical couplers, and below the semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism plane mirror, wavelength are provided with The reflected light path for selecting Amici prism is provided with workpiece for measurement.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on digital hologram scan apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, it is characterised in that institute Traverse measuring device is stated for the coordinate of gantry three or sixdegree-of-freedom simulation.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on digital hologram scan apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, it is characterised in that institute State traverse measuring device to be connected with computer control system.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on digital hologram scan apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, it is characterised in that institute Stating wavelength selects Amici prism to be coated with a layer-selective penetrating reflecting film, and the light wave that send can digital breath module laser instrument is saturating Penetrate, make the light wave reflection that laser range finder sends.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on digital hologram scan apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, it is characterised in that institute Spatial filter is stated including microcobjective and the pin hole being located on microcobjective, the emitting light path of spatial filter is provided with one Collimation camera lens.
6. it is a kind of based on digital hologram scan 3 D measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) the coordinate displacement platform of mobile gantry three or six shaft mechanical arms, by digital hologram detection module workpiece for measurement surface district is directed at Domain;
2) laser instrument filters the radio-frequency component of laser emitting light through spatial filter, with directional light after collimation camera lens Beam is incident to semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism;
3) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism reflected light through the reflection of plane mirror, again pass by semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism;
4) through semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism transmitted light after wavelength selects Amici prism, through the reflection of object under test, again Amici prism and semi-transparent semi-reflecting prism are selected through wavelength;
5) step 2), 3) the two-way light beam CCD/CMOS imageing sensors surface formed hologram interference picture;
6) using the distance of the measurable object plane of laser range finder to CCD/CMOS window planes, i.e. recording distance d, this is recorded It is updated in Object light wave formula apart from d, obtains the interference strength letter of Object light wave and reference light wave on CCD/CMOS imageing sensors Breath;
7) CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are obtained Object light wave and the interference strength information transmission of reference light wave to computer, Computer carries out denoising, Spectrum Conversion, Phase Unwrapping Algorithm, Three-dimensional Gravity to the image that the CCD/CMOS imageing sensors are collected Build and image mosaic, you can obtain the three-D pattern on large-scale workpiece surface.
7. it is according to claim 6 based on digital hologram scan 3 D measuring method, it is characterised in that the step It is rapid 6) in, using the measurable object plane of laser range finder to CCD/CMOS window planes apart from d, by reproduction Object light wave formula,
U (x', y')=F-1{F{R(x,y)IH(x,y)}G(fx,fy)}
Wherein, R (x, y) be reference light wave, F for Fourier transformation mathematic sign, IH(x, y) is CCD/CMOS imageing sensors The interference strength information of upper Object light wave and reference light wave, G (fx,fy) it is transmission function of the diffraction propagation in frequency domain effect,
G ( f x , f y ) = exp [ j 2 πd ′ ( 1 λ ) 2 - f x 2 - f y 2 ]
In formula, to rebuild optical wavelength, with reference light consistent wavelength, d ' is reconstruction distance to λ;
Reconstruction depends on the value of recording distance d apart from the determination of d ', according to the recording distance information for measuring in real time as upper The value foundation of d ' in formula.
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CN108225213A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-06-29 北京理工大学 The non-contact dimensionality reduction error separate detection method of free form surface and device
CN108267095A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-07-10 北京理工大学 The bilateral dislocation differential confocal detection method of free form surface pattern and device
CN108362221A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-03 北京理工大学 A kind of free form surface pattern nano-precision detection method and device
CN109238151A (en) * 2018-06-29 2019-01-18 苏州富强科技有限公司 A kind of detection device localization method
CN110186376A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-30 易视智瞳科技(深圳)有限公司 A kind of three-dimensional position pick-up method and device
CN112304241A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 衡阳市智谷科技发展有限公司 Object morphology testing method based on digital holography
CN113178153A (en) * 2021-05-11 2021-07-27 上海应用技术大学 Holographic image device and method for ancient building facade
WO2021196419A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-07 孙亮 Metering-level 3d super-depth-of-field microscopic system and measurement method
CN115371587A (en) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-22 智慧星空(上海)工程技术有限公司 Apparatus and method for measuring surface topography, method for calculating object surface height
WO2023123221A1 (en) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 台州南科智能传感科技有限公司 Line laser 3d profile scanning reconstruction system and control method therefor

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CN108225213B (en) * 2018-01-19 2019-12-17 北京理工大学 Method and device for non-contact dimensionality reduction error separation detection of free-form surface
CN108267095A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-07-10 北京理工大学 The bilateral dislocation differential confocal detection method of free form surface pattern and device
CN108362221A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-03 北京理工大学 A kind of free form surface pattern nano-precision detection method and device
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CN110186376A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-30 易视智瞳科技(深圳)有限公司 A kind of three-dimensional position pick-up method and device
WO2021196419A1 (en) * 2020-03-30 2021-10-07 孙亮 Metering-level 3d super-depth-of-field microscopic system and measurement method
CN112304241A (en) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-02 衡阳市智谷科技发展有限公司 Object morphology testing method based on digital holography
CN113178153A (en) * 2021-05-11 2021-07-27 上海应用技术大学 Holographic image device and method for ancient building facade
WO2023123221A1 (en) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 台州南科智能传感科技有限公司 Line laser 3d profile scanning reconstruction system and control method therefor
CN115371587A (en) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-22 智慧星空(上海)工程技术有限公司 Apparatus and method for measuring surface topography, method for calculating object surface height

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