CN106642138A - Waste gasification melting furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste gasification and melting furnace. Using the invention to treat waste, the waste conveying capacity is stronger, the waste treatment capacity is larger, heat loss can be reduced and heat exchange efficiency can be improved, heat recovery efficiency is high, and can Effectively reduce pollutant emissions. Including the furnace frame, as well as the feeding bin, gasifier and melting and solidification treatment system arranged in sequence along the feeding direction on the furnace frame, the melting and solidification processing system includes melting furnace, laminar flow channel, water-cooled crushing system and water-sealed slag removal system, the side wall of the melting furnace is equipped with a high-temperature burner and gasification agent inlet, the water-cooled crushing system includes a water-cooled system, a water-cooled chamber and a glass body pulverizer, and the discharge end of the water-sealed slag removal system is connected to the glass body slag discharge Export.

Description

Waste gasification melting furnace

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a waste gasification melting furnace.

Background technique

Existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among the conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration treatment has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development. However, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements at home and abroad, how to strengthen the control of secondary pollution is particularly important. Therefore, waste pyrolysis gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed to the road of industrial application, especially for various domestic wastes, various incineration technologies are mainly used now, and the extensive industrialization of gasification incineration and gasification melting technology will bring Come to the technological innovation of the domestic waste treatment industry.

Over the years, my country has made a lot of progress in scientific research on gasification and melting technologies such as biomass, domestic waste, medical waste, floating objects in the Yangtze River, domestic sludge, oily sludge, and electronic products. There are many basic researches in laboratories and applications. Research, such as: rotary kiln, vertical and fluidized bed dry distillation gasification or gasification high temperature melting technology, etc. However, there are still certain limitations in the popularization and application of the technology. The main factors are the types of raw materials, the amount of waste treatment, secondary pollution control and economic benefits.

Among the existing incineration processes and equipment, the grate type incinerator has various forms, and its application accounts for more than 80% of the total incineration market in the world. Among them, the mechanical reverse push grate, forward push grate or Combined grate, there are also chain plate type and drum type grate. After nearly ten years of rapid development in China, the popularization and application of grate-type incinerators has attracted the attention of the country and all walks of life, and it has an absolute advantage in the domestic incineration market.

To sum up, typical gasification incinerators and gasification melting furnaces each have their own advantages, but the problems and deficiencies that need to be solved in practical applications in our country:

1. For the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the technical use of mobile hearth needs to focus on the transportation capacity of waste.

2. With the increasing amount of waste generated and piled up like mountains, the processing capacity must be effectively increased in order to meet the market demand.

3. In the face of strict pollutant discharge requirements, secondary pollution control is the core issue that needs to be solved technically.

4. In order to effectively improve economic benefits, heat recovery efficiency needs to be improved during heat treatment. Existing waste heat treatment technologies usually use incineration to release heat, and the steam generated by boiler conversion is pushed to the steam turbine for power generation. The entire conversion heat efficiency loss is relatively large, and the same amount of waste can be processed by relatively reducing heat loss and improving heat exchange efficiency. Thermal efficiency can be improved.

Existing incinerators such as the following two invention patents: multi-column segmented drive compound domestic waste incinerator (ZL200710092508.9) and two-stage waste incinerator (ZL201010268376.2) Unsolved problems: waste heat treatment mode Relatively backward, it is only the process of drying-combustion-burning, solid combustion to release heat; the thermochemical reaction in the furnace is dominated by oxidation reaction, supplemented by reduction reaction, which is easy to produce secondary pollutants; when waste is burned in the furnace, the peroxygen coefficient Large, large amount of primary air and secondary air supply, high dust content in flue gas, great impact on heat energy recovery system and flue gas treatment system, easy to accumulate dust, large amount of flue gas, reducing heat conversion efficiency; Without a separate gasification furnace and ember furnace, waste can only be treated in batches, and large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of waste cannot be realized, and the amount of waste treated is small.

Existing gasification and melting furnaces include the following two technologies:

First, the centralized treatment technology of gasification and melting. Such as a plasma-assisted heating melting gasification reactor (CN201410744643.7), waste gasification melting furnace (CN201280068994.X), municipal solid waste oxygen top blowing direct melting gasification combustion and its power generation technology (CN01107088.9) and others The tank-type gasification-melting centralized treatment technology has unresolved problems: the heat treatment mode of waste is relatively advanced, but it mainly continues the idea of fixed bed or fluidized bed to carry out drying-pyrolysis-gasification-combustion (also without combustion) )-melting, the continuity of the heat treatment process is not good, it is difficult to match the treatment rhythm of each stage, and the heat recovery and utilization link is not considered enough, the economy is poor, and it is impossible to realize large-scale continuous gasification and melting treatment of waste, and the treatment capacity is small. And the processing of molten slag is not perfect.

Second, gasification + melting separation processing technology. Such as a rotary kiln gasification, plasma melting domestic waste graded gasification system (CN201520578876.4), a method for producing combustible gas by melting and gasifying domestic waste in a rotary kiln (CN200910218227.2), waste gasification and fly ash high temperature Melting treatment device and method (CN200710144924.9) and other tank-type separation treatment technologies, the unresolved problem: the waste heat treatment mode is relatively advanced, but it mainly continues the idea of fixed bed or fluidized bed to carry out drying-pyrolysis- Gasification-combustion (also without combustion)-melting, the main gasification and melting stages are separated into different equipment, the heat treatment process is more continuous, but the rhythm between the separation stages is still difficult to match, and the recovery of heat Insufficient consideration of the utilization link, poor economic efficiency, large-scale continuous gasification and melting of waste cannot be realized, the processing volume is small, and the treatment of molten slag is not perfect.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a waste gasification melting furnace. Using the present invention to treat waste, the waste conveying capacity is stronger, the waste processing capacity is larger, and heat loss can be reduced and heat exchange efficiency can be improved. The recovery efficiency of heat is high, and can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A waste gasification and melting furnace, the waste gasification and melting furnace includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace and a melting and solidification treatment system arranged in sequence on the furnace frame along the feeding direction, the melting and solidification The processing system is located below the discharge end of the gasifier. The melting and solidification processing system includes a melting furnace, a laminar flow channel, a water-cooled crushing system and a water-sealed slag removal system arranged in sequence along the feeding direction. The side wall of the melting furnace is provided with The high-temperature burner and gasification agent inlet are used to melt the waste entering the melting furnace from the gasification furnace. The laminar flow channel is located below the discharge end of the melting furnace, and the bottom of the laminar flow channel is a laminar inclined hearth. The water-cooled crushing system includes a water-cooling system, a water-cooling chamber, and a glass body pulverizer. The water-cooling chamber is located at the front and bottom of the laminar flow channel. The top of the water-cooling chamber is provided with a spray assembly and a steam outlet. The water-cooling system inputs the water used for water cooling into the spray assembly. , the steam outlet outputs steam generated by water cooling, the glass body pulverizer is arranged in the middle of the water cooling chamber, and is used to crush the glass body slag formed after the molten slag is water cooled, and the water seal slag removal system is arranged below the water cooling chamber, and the water seal The discharge end of the slag removal system is connected to the vitreous slag outlet, and the water-sealed slag removal system is used to seal the lower end of the water cooling chamber to prevent smoke from escaping, further cool the vitreous slag, and output the vitreous slag.

In order to achieve large-scale waste gasification and melting treatment, preferably, the top wall of the melting furnace is provided with a diversion back arch and a diversion pier, so that the flue gas enters the gasification furnace horizontally, increasing the radiation surface and gasification of waste. Flue gas disturbance in the furnace.

In order to control the discharge speed of the laminar flow channel and effectively deal with various working conditions, preferably, a molten slag height control device is provided at the discharge end of the laminar flow inclined hearth, and the height control device includes a baffle and a baffle for driving Plate telescopic drive.

In order to ensure temperature control in the laminar flow channel, preferably, a heating body is provided on the side wall of the laminar flow channel for auxiliary heating and heat preservation.

Preferably, a waste main pusher is provided on the furnace frame, and the waste main pusher is located below the feed bin, and is used to push the waste in the feed bin into the gasifier, and the waste feeder A stockpiling sealing section is provided between the silo and the gasifier, and an alkali material feeding port is provided on the top wall of the stockpiling sealing section, and the basic material feeding port is connected to the basic material feeding device. The basic material feeding device pushes the basic material into the stacking sealing section through the basic material feeding port, and is used to partially convert sulfur, copper, iron and other elements in the process of waste gasification and melting into stable compounds, and Fluxes molten slag.

In order to improve the energy utilization rate and reduce the consumption of water resources, preferably, the moving hearth of the gasification furnace is divided into a drying section and a gasification section along the feeding direction. There is at least one independent primary air chamber, wherein the primary air chamber below the drying section is supplied with air, and the primary air chamber below the gasification section is supplied with a mixed gasifying agent. The gasification furnace is arched, and the The front arch and the rear arch of the gasifier are respectively provided with secondary air supply outlets, and the vault of the gasifier is provided with a first flue gas outlet;

It also includes a steam exhaust fan, a supply fan, and a gasification agent mixer. The inlet end of the steam exhaust fan is connected to the steam outlet on the top of the water cooling chamber through a pipe, and the steam generated in the water cooling chamber is injected into the gas by the steam exhaust fan. An air inlet of the gasification agent mixer, the air inlet of the air supply fan communicates with the atmosphere, the air outlet of the air supply fan is connected to the main pipe of a manifold, and the branch pipes of the manifold are respectively connected with the gasification agent mixer. One air inlet, the primary air chamber below the drying section of the gasifier, and the secondary air supply port of the gasifier are connected, and the gasification agent mixer is used to mix the steam extracted by the steam exhaust fan and the air provided by the supply fan to form a mixed gas The mixed gasification agent is supplied into the melting furnace from the gasification agent inlet, and the mixed gasification agent is also supplied as the primary air of the gasification furnace into the primary air chamber below the gasification section of the gasification furnace.

In order to improve the energy utilization rate and reduce the amount of residue discharge, preferably, the end of the melting furnace connected to the gasification furnace is the main waste inlet of the melting furnace, and the side wall of the melting furnace is provided with a secondary waste inlet, and the waste The auxiliary waste inlet is connected to the auxiliary waste pushing device, and the auxiliary waste pushing device is used to push the residue in each primary air chamber below the gasifier into the melting furnace.

In order to reduce the consumption of water resources, preferably, the condensed water generated during the mixing process of the mixed gasification agent is input into the water cooling system through pipelines, and the excess cooling water of the water seal and slag removal system is injected into the water cooling system by a return water pump for recycling.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

The invention adopts a mechanical grate, and the garbage gasification and melting stages are carried out in the same equipment. The heat treatment process has better continuity, the rhythm between each stage is matched, the heat recovery and utilization link is fully considered, the economy is better, and it can realize large-scale Large-scale continuous gasification and melting treatment of garbage, a large amount of garbage treatment, and harmless treatment of molten slag.

The invention has a novel concept, a large amount of waste treatment, and the waste material layer undergoes drying, gasification and melting stages on the mechanical grate, adapting to the characteristics of high water content and complex components of domestic waste in my country, and improving the energy conversion efficiency in the process of waste treatment. and reduce the emission of pollutants in the flue gas, effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification and melting treatment of garbage, ensure the effect of gasification and melting of garbage and the thermal ignition loss rate of ash, relatively reduce heat loss and improve heat loss. The exchange efficiency improves the thermal efficiency.

The pressure change from the melting furnace to the gasifier to the first flue gas outlet enhances the disturbance effect of the gasifier, and the diversion channel formed by the diversion pier increases the radiation surface of the high temperature flue gas.

The present invention effectively controls secondary pollutants and realizes reduction and harmless comprehensive treatment. The specific methods are as follows:

1. Suppress and reduce the generation of secondary pollutants such as SOx and NOx from the source of the gasification and melting furnace through basic materials (lime can be used), and partially convert the catalysts such as Fe and Cu synthesized by the secondary pollutants into stable compounds;

2 High-temperature melting decomposition, solidification of toxic substances in the bottom slag and fly ash, realizing the discharge of non-hazardous waste bottom slag from waste incineration power plants, laying the foundation for direct landfill or resource utilization.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of melting and solidification processing system;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of A-A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of section B along the flue gas direction in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the C-C sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the D-D sectional structure of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the boiler system in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the cyclone combustion chamber in Fig. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of FIG. 8 .

reference sign

1 is a gasification incinerator, 101 is a furnace rack, 102 is a feeding bin, 103 is a gasification furnace, 105 is a hearth, 106 is a waste main pusher, 107 is a primary air chamber, and 108 is a stacking sealing section. 112 is the first flue gas outlet, and 115 is the secondary air supply port;

201 is a steam exhaust fan, 202 is a supply fan, 203 is a gasifying agent mixer, 204 is a manifold, and 205 is an air reheater;

3 is the whirlwind combustion chamber, 301 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole of the combustion chamber, 302 is the cone-shaped slag outlet, 303 is the flue gas inlet, 304 is the third flue gas outlet, and 305 is the combustion-supporting air supply port;

4 is the boiler body, 402 is the furnace chamber a, 403 is the furnace chamber b, 404 is the furnace chamber c, 405 is the water wall, 406 is the superheater, 407 is the evaporator, 408 is the steam drum, 409 is the first downcomer, 410 is the second downcomer, 411 is the steam output device, 412 is the water supply input system, 418 is the economizer, 419 is the flue gas purification system, 420 is the scrubber, 421 is the bag filter, 422 is the induced draft fan, 423 Chimney, 424 is an air preheater, 425 is a fine cleaning dust collector, 426 is a deacidification agent injection device, and 427 is an activated carbon injection device;

5 is a melting and solidification treatment system, 51 is a melting furnace, 52 is a laminar flow channel, 53 is a water cooling system, 54 is a water seal slag removal system, 55 is a high temperature burner, 56 is a gasification agent inlet, and 57 is a laminar flow tilting furnace Bed, 58 is a water cooling chamber, 59 is a glass body pulverizer, 510 is a spray assembly, 511 is a steam outlet, 512 is a diversion rear arch, 513 is a diversion pier, 514 is a height control device, 515 is a heating body, 516 is a glass body 517 is the base material feeding device, 518 is the main waste inlet, 519 is the auxiliary waste inlet, 520 is the auxiliary waste pushing device, 521 is the inorganic waste inlet, and 522 is the inorganic waste pushing device , 523 is a backwater pump, 524 is a receiving inclined plane, 525 is an inspection door, 526 is a slag remover, 527 is a denitration agent injection device, 528 is a gasifier side wall, and 529 is a shunt flue.

detailed description

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, it is a preferred embodiment of the waste gasification melting furnace. This embodiment also adds a boiler system. The waste gasification and melting furnace includes a furnace frame, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace, and a melting and solidification processing system are arranged sequentially on the furnace frame along the feeding direction. The melting and solidification processing system The discharge end is the vitreous slag discharge port.

The grate is provided with a waste main pusher, and the waste main pusher is located below the feed bin, and is used to push the waste in the feed bin into the gasifier. The feed bin, A stockpile sealing section is provided between the gasifiers, and a base material feeding port is provided on the top wall of the stockpile sealing section, and the base material feeding port is connected to a base material feeding device, and the base material feeding port is connected to a base material feeding device. The material feeding device feeds the basic material (which forms a stable compound with some elements in the waste during the gasification and melting process to reduce pollutants entering the flue gas; at the same time, it can appropriately reduce the melting temperature of some residues) through the basic material feeding The mouth is pushed into the stacking sealing section.

The moving hearth of the gasification furnace is divided into a drying section and a gasification section along the feeding direction, and at least one independent primary air chamber is respectively arranged under the drying section and the gasification section of the gasification furnace, wherein the drying section Air is supplied to the primary air chamber below the gasification section, and the mixed gasification agent is supplied to the primary air chamber below the gasification section. The gasification furnace is arched, and secondary The air supply port, the vault of the gasifier is provided with a first flue gas outlet.

The discharge end of the gasifier is the slag outlet of the gasifier, and the melting and solidification treatment system is located in front of the gasifier slag outlet, and the melting and solidification treatment system includes a melting furnace, a laminar flow channel, and a water-cooled crushing system And the water seal slag removal system, the water cooling crushing system and the water seal slag removal system are equipped with a water supply system, the top of the melting and solidification treatment system is provided with a diversion back arch and a diversion pier, and the diversion back arch set on the top of the melting furnace is arc (can be circular arc, involute arc, to achieve smooth change of direction of the flue gas), the flue gas in the melting furnace moves along the vertical direction into the inner side of the diversion back arch, and the flue gas after arc diversion arch diversion The gas becomes flat and moves in a straight direction (making the flue gas enter the gasification furnace horizontally at a certain speed, increasing the radiation surface of the waste and the flue gas disturbance of the gasification furnace); In the middle of the rear arch of the gasifier, a number of shunting piers are arranged, and a number of shunting flues are formed corresponding to the number of grate surfaces (for the grate, there are multiple (more than 2) grate surfaces, and the melting furnace is small, so that the flue gas can Radiating to each grate surface, increasing the radiation surface of waste and the flue gas disturbance of the gasification furnace), the slag outlet of the gasification furnace is composed of a plurality of receiving slopes corresponding to the number of grate surfaces.

The side wall of the melting furnace is provided with a high-temperature burner, a gasification agent inlet, and a secondary waste inlet (the main and secondary feeds of waste can be organic or inorganic, which need to be gasified and melted); the side wall of the melting furnace The high-temperature burner set is a plasma generator or a heavy oil burner or a pure oxygen burner (the burner that can maintain a high temperature of 1400-1600°C in the melting zone is acceptable). The entrance of the high-temperature burner is inclined downward, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 30- 60° (designed by using boundary conditions such as melting furnace diameter, installation height, flame length, number and size of burners, waste types, processing capacity, etc.), the gasification agent inlet (to supplement the O2, H2O required for chemical reactions in the melting furnace) and CO2, etc.) are set below the secondary inlet of the waste, and above the molten slag of the waste, the inlet of the gasification agent is inclined downward, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 10-30° (using the diameter of the melting furnace, the installation height, the gasification The number and size of agent inlets, waste types, treatment capacity and other boundary conditions design), the mixed gasification agent is by adjusting the temperature of the air entering the gasification agent mixer, so that the temperature of the mixed gasification agent is stabilized at 400-500 ° C.

The bottom of the laminar flow channel is a laminar flow inclined hearth, the end of the laminar flow inclined hearth is equipped with a molten slag height control device, the side wall is equipped with a heating body (auxiliary heating and heat preservation), and the top is equipped with inorganic waste (only for melting it) Inlet; the laminar flow inclined hearth at the bottom of the laminar flow channel is set to be inclined downward along the flow direction of the molten slag, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 5-15° (the type of waste, the fluidity of the molten slag, the viscosity, the processing capacity, Boundary conditions such as residence time design), the molten slag height control device is vertically arranged with the laminar flow inclined hearth (the device can be stretched to control the molten slag height); heating bodies are arranged on both sides of the molten slag flow direction, and the heating body It is a high-energy electric heater or a plasma generator (auxiliary heating and heat preservation, which can maintain a high temperature of 1400-1600 ° C in the melting zone); the inclined direction of the inorganic waste inlet set on the top is along the flow direction of molten slag, and the angle between it and the horizontal plane Designed for the boundary conditions of 60-80° (the type of waste, the fluidity of molten slag, viscosity, processing capacity, residence time, etc., the pressure of inorganic waste squeezed into the melting zone can effectively decompose pollutants such as dioxins, and achieve the goal of containing Melting treatment of heavy metal bottom slag, fly ash, etc.).

The top of the water-cooling chamber of the water-cooled crushing system is provided with a spray assembly and a steam outlet, the side wall is provided with an inspection door, the middle part is provided with a glass crusher, and the bottom part is provided with a water-sealed slag removal system. The spray assembly of the water-cooled crushing system is arranged above the outlet of the molten slag, facing the outlet of the molten slag in the vertical direction (just water-cooled to the body of the molten slag to solidify heavy metals), and the spray assembly is installed on the two side walls of the water-cooling chamber to spray Entrance (strengthening boundary water cooling to prevent insufficient boundary cooling), with an angle of 30-60° to the horizontal plane (designed by using boundary conditions such as water cooling chamber size, installation height, spray length, quantity and size, waste type, and treatment volume) , the steam outlet is arranged on the top of the outer side away from the molten slag outlet (a large amount of high-temperature steam can be excluded). The glass body pulverizer arranged in the middle of the water cooling chamber is located below the molten slag outlet, and the glass body pulverizer is embedded under the laminar flow inclined hearth, and the embedded size is 1/4-3/4 of the parallel installation size of the two pulverizing wheels (to realize the glass body The slag enters between the two crushing wheels), and the two crushing wheels can work in forward and reverse directions (to prevent material jamming).

The steam generated in the water-cooling chamber is injected into the gasification agent mixer by a steam exhaust fan, and the gasification agent mixer is used to mix high-temperature air and steam to form a mixed gasification agent, and the mixed gasification agent is supplied from the gasification agent inlet. into the melting furnace, and the condensed water generated during the mixing process is returned to the water cooling system. The excess cooling water of the water-sealed slag removal system is injected into the water-cooling system by the return water pump for recycling.

The boiler system includes a boiler body and a circulating air supply system. The boiler body has a cyclone combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a, a furnace chamber b, and a furnace chamber c. The lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet. The flue gas inlet is connected to the first flue gas outlet, and the pipe connecting the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber to the first flue gas outlet is provided with a denitration agent injection device for denitration treatment of the flue gas. The denitrification agent can be liquid ammonia , remove NOx in the flue gas, high temperature denitrification; the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is the third flue gas outlet, and the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a number of combustion-supporting air supply ports, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports are located at the flue gas inlet, the second Between the three flue gas outlets, the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and the furnace chamber b communicate, and the upper end of the furnace chamber b is provided with a waste gas outlet, so The cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a ring-shaped water-cooled wall along the circumference, the furnace chamber a is provided with a superheater, the furnace chamber b is provided with an evaporator, and the top of the boiler body is provided with a steam drum. The cyclone combustion chamber, furnace chamber a , furnace chamber b are all located below the steam drum, the steam drum is provided with a steam-water inlet, the steam drum is provided with a steam-water separation device for separating the steam-water mixture, the steam drum is connected to the water inlet of the water wall through the first downcomer, and is used In order to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, the steam drum is connected to the water inlet of the evaporator through the second downcomer, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. It is connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum for returning high-temperature steam, and the saturated steam outlet of the steam drum is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater through a pipeline for inputting the returning high-temperature steam into the superheater, and the outlet of the superheater The steam port is connected to the steam output device to output superheated steam, and the condensed water produced by the steam output device is input into the water supply input system for recycling after utilizing the steam.

The circulating air supply system includes a steam exhaust fan, a supply fan, and a gasification agent mixer. The inlet end of the steam exhaust fan is connected to the steam outlet on the top of the water-cooling chamber through a pipe, and the steam generated in the water-cooling chamber is ventilated by steam. The air inlet of the gasification agent mixer is injected into the air inlet of the gasifying agent mixer, the air inlet of the air supply fan is connected with the atmosphere, and the air outlet of the air supply fan is connected to the air preheater provided at the exhaust gas outlet of furnace chamber b. The air preheater is connected to the main pipe of a manifold, and the branch pipe of the manifold is respectively connected with another air inlet of the gasification agent mixer, the primary air chamber below the drying section of the gasifier, the secondary air supply port of the gasifier and The combustion-supporting air supply port on the cyclone combustion chamber is connected. In this embodiment, the furnace chamber b is provided with an air reheater, and the gasifying agent mixer is connected to the air reheater through a pipeline and then connected to the air reheater through a pipeline. the manifold. The gasification agent mixer is used to mix the steam extracted by the steam exhaust fan and the high-temperature air discharged from the boiler system to form a mixed gasification agent. The mixed gasification agent is fed into the melting furnace from the gasification agent inlet, and the mixed gasification agent is also used as The primary air of the gasifier is supplied to the primary air chamber below the gasification section of the gasifier. The condensed water generated during the mixing process of the mixed gasification agent is input into the water cooling system through the pipeline, and the excess cooling water of the water seal and slag removal system is injected into the water cooling system by the return water pump for recycling.

The end connecting the melting furnace and the gasifier is the main waste inlet of the melting furnace, and the side wall of the melting furnace is provided with a waste secondary inlet, and the waste secondary inlet is connected to a waste auxiliary pushing device, and the waste auxiliary The material pushing device is used to push the residues in the primary air chambers below the gasifier into the melting furnace, the top wall of the laminar flow channel is provided with an inlet for inorganic waste, and the inlet for inorganic waste is connected to the material pushing device for inorganic waste, The inorganic waste pushing device is used to push the inorganic residue collected by the boiler system into the laminar flow channel.

The upper end of the furnace chamber c communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b, the lower end of the furnace chamber c is provided with a waste gas discharge port, and the furnace chamber c is provided with a heat saver, and the water inlet of the heat saver is connected to the water supply input The water outlet of the system is connected, and the water outlet of the economizer is connected with the steam water inlet of the steam drum. In this embodiment, a flue gas purification system is also added. The exhaust gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to the flue gas purification system. The flue gas purification system includes a scrubber, a bag filter, an induced draft fan, Fine cleaning dust collector, chimney, the top wall of the gas scrubber is provided with a deacidification agent injection device, and the side wall of the gas scrubber is provided with an activated carbon injection device.

Spray deacidification agent (lime slurry can be used) from the scrubber to remove SOx, HCl, HF and other acid gases in the flue gas, and neutralize the reaction at low temperature; spray activated carbon to absorb heavy metals, dioxins, etc. in the flue gas ; The bag filter collects fly ash in the flue gas; the fine cleaning dust collector quenches the flue gas pollutants and collects fine dust, realizing ultra-low emission of flue gas pollutants.

A waste gasification melting furnace treatment method, the method is carried out according to the following steps:

Step A, start the furnace, bake the furnace;

Close the gate of the waste gasification melting furnace and the atmospheric ventilation, start the waste gasification melting furnace, put the waste raw materials into the feeding bin, and the waste pusher reciprocates and pushes the material several times, and the waste falling from the feeding bin Raw materials are pushed into the stacking sealing section between the feed bin and the gasifier, so that the stacking sealing section forms a stacking sealed state, and the excess waste falls into the moving hearth of the gasifier, and the moving hearth of the gasification furnace Work until the waste accumulates on the moving hearth of the gasifier to the required thickness of 800-1000mm, stop feeding to the feed bin, the waste pusher and the moving hearth of the gasifier stop working, start the high-temperature burner and The side wall heating body of the laminar flow channel bakes and melts the hearth and the laminar flow channel, and starts and bakes the waste gasification and melting furnace to make the waste gasification and melting furnace reach a predetermined temperature of 600-700°C;

Step B, the waste is pyrolyzed and gasified in the gasification furnace, and the residue is melted in the melting furnace;

Use the high-temperature burner and heating body to gradually increase the furnace temperature of the waste gasification melting furnace, resume feeding to the feed bin, the waste pusher and the moving hearth of the gasification furnace start to work, and the gasification agent is fed into The air temperature of the gasification agent mixer is to stabilize the temperature of the mixed gasification agent at 400-500°C, and adjust the process parameters of the gasification furnace to make the waste pyrolyze and gasify in the gasification furnace, and the atmosphere temperature of the gasification furnace is stable At 800-900°C, the slag outlet of the gasifier is dropped, and the waste pyrolysis and gasification residues are piled up on the laminar flow inclined hearth to the required thickness, that is, 3/4-1 of the height of the laminar flow channel. The burner and the heating body gradually increase the furnace temperature of the waste gasification melting furnace, and when it reaches 1000°C, the residue begins to melt, continue to heat up, continue to feed materials to the feeding bin, and continue the pyrolysis and gasification process, and at the same time, the auxiliary pushing device will each The residue collected in the air chamber is fed from the waste auxiliary inlet. According to the synthesis gas composition of the first flue gas outlet, the gasification agent inlet supply of the melting furnace and the various process parameters of the gasification furnace are adjusted, and the temperature is raised to 1400-1600 ℃, the waste is in a molten state;

Step C, melting the inorganic waste in the laminar flow channel;

When the molten slag gradually enters the laminar flow channel, the side wall heating body of the laminar flow channel is controlled to ensure that the temperature of the laminar flow channel is maintained at 1400-1600 ° C, and the inorganic waste pushing device is used to press the material from the inorganic waste inlet, and the high temperature melting State slag contact melting;

Step D, the molten slag is water-cooled and solidified into vitreous slag, which is broken and slag discharged;

Start the water cooling system and the vitreous pulverizer, when the molten slag flows out of the laminar flow channel through the molten slag outlet, the molten slag is water-cooled to form vitreous slag, which falls to the glass pulverizer to be broken, and then falls into the water seal slag removal system. The slag machine is transported and discharged, the molten slag is water-cooled to generate steam, and the steam exhaust fan is used to inject the gasification agent mixer, and the steam and high-temperature air form a mixed gasification agent, which is fed into the melting furnace from the gasification agent inlet, and the mixed gasification agent is also used as a gasification agent. The primary air of the furnace is supplied to the gasification furnace; the condensed water generated during the mixing process is returned to the water cooling system, and the excess cooling water generated during the molten slag water cooling process is stored in the water seal and slag removal system, and is injected into the water cooling system by the return water pump for recycling;

Step E, after the waste molten slag is discharged, close the waste gasification and melting furnace.

When maintenance or shutdown is required, the feeding bin, slag outlet of the gasifier, auxiliary waste inlet and inorganic waste inlet all stop feeding, adjust the process parameters of the waste gasification and melting furnace, and wait for the waste to melt and flow out , Turn off the high-temperature burner and the side wall heating body of the laminar flow channel, clean the circulating air supply system, water-cooled crushing system and water-sealed slag removal system, and turn off the waste melting and solidification treatment system.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A waste gasification and melting furnace, characterized in that: the waste gasification and melting furnace comprises a furnace rack, and a feed bin, a gasification furnace and a melting and solidification treatment furnace arranged in sequence along the feeding direction on the furnace rack system, the melting and solidification treatment system is located below the discharge end of the gasifier, and the melting and solidification treatment system includes a melting furnace, a laminar flow channel, a water-cooled crushing system and a water-sealed slag removal system arranged in sequence along the feeding direction. The side wall of the melting furnace is provided with a high-temperature burner and a gasification agent inlet for melting the waste entering the melting furnace from the gasification furnace. The laminar flow channel is located below the discharge end of the melting furnace, and the bottom of the laminar flow channel is laminar flow Inclined hearth, the water-cooled crushing system includes a water-cooled system, a water-cooled chamber, and a glass crusher. The water is input into the spray assembly, and the steam outlet outputs the steam generated by water cooling. The glass body pulverizer is arranged in the middle of the water cooling chamber, and is used to crush the glass body slag formed after the molten slag is water cooled. Below the cavity, the discharge end of the water-sealed slag removal system is connected to the vitreous slag discharge port. The water-sealed slag removal system is used to seal the lower end of the water-cooled chamber, further cool the vitreous slag, and output the vitreous slag. 2. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top wall of the melting furnace is provided with a diversion rear arch and a diversion pier, so that the flue gas enters the gasification furnace horizontally, increasing the amount of waste The radiant surface and flue gas disturbance of the gasification furnace. 3. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: a molten slag height control device is provided at the discharge end of the laminar flow inclined hearth, and the height control device includes a baffle plate and a baffle plate for driving the slag. Plate telescopic drive. 4. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the laminar flow channel is provided with a heating body for auxiliary heating and heat preservation. 5. The waste gasification and melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace frame is provided with a waste main pusher, and the waste main pusher is located below the feeding bin for The waste in the feed bin is pushed into the gasifier, and a stacking sealing section is provided between the feeding bin and the gasification furnace, and an alkali material feeding port is set on the top wall of the stacking sealing section, The basic material feeding port is connected with a basic material feeding device, and the basic material feeding device pushes the basic material into the stacking sealing section through the basic material feeding port. 6. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: the moving hearth of the gasification furnace is divided into a drying section and a gasification section along the feeding direction, and the drying section, Below the gasification section, there are at least one independently installed primary air chamber, wherein the primary air chamber below the drying section is supplied with air, and the primary air chamber below the gasification section is supplied with a mixed gasifying agent. Arched shape, the front arch and the rear arch of the gasifier are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, and the vault of the gasifier is provided with a first flue gas outlet; It also includes a steam exhaust fan, a supply fan, and a gasification agent mixer. The inlet end of the steam exhaust fan is connected to the steam outlet on the top of the water cooling chamber through a pipe, and the steam generated in the water cooling chamber is injected into the gas by the steam exhaust fan. An air inlet of the gasification agent mixer, the air inlet of the air supply fan communicates with the atmosphere, the air outlet of the air supply fan is connected to the main pipe of a manifold, and the branch pipes of the manifold are respectively connected with the gasification agent mixer. One air inlet, the primary air chamber below the drying section of the gasifier, and the secondary air supply port of the gasifier are connected, and the gasification agent mixer is used to mix the steam extracted by the steam exhaust fan and the air provided by the supply fan to form a mixed gas The mixed gasification agent is supplied into the melting furnace from the gasification agent inlet, and the mixed gasification agent is also supplied as the primary air of the gasification furnace into the primary air chamber below the gasification section of the gasification furnace. 7. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end of the melting furnace connected to the gasification furnace is the main entrance of the waste melting furnace, and the side wall of the melting furnace is further provided with waste A secondary inlet, the waste secondary inlet is connected to a waste secondary pushing device, and the waste secondary pushing device is used to push the residues in each primary air chamber below the gasifier into the melting furnace. 8. The waste gasification melting furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: the condensed water generated during the mixing process of the mixed gasification agent is input into the water cooling system through a pipeline, and the excess cooling water of the water seal and slag removal system is used The return water pump is injected into the water cooling system for recycling.