CN106629711A - System and method for harmlessly treating waste - Google Patents
System and method for harmlessly treating waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN106629711A CN106629711A CN201611120140.8A CN201611120140A CN106629711A CN 106629711 A CN106629711 A CN 106629711A CN 201611120140 A CN201611120140 A CN 201611120140A CN 106629711 A CN106629711 A CN 106629711A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and method for harmlessly treating waste. The system comprises a waste pyrolysis furnace, a fluidized bed, a purifying and separating device and a sealing device, wherein a reaction chamber and a heat accumulating type combustor are arranged in the waste pyrolysis furnace; a feed inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet are formed in the top of the waste pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis carbon outlet is formed in the bottom of the waste pyrolysis furnace; the sealing device comprises a water sealing unit arranged at the bottom of the waste pyrolysis furnace and a double-spiral sealing unit arranged at the feed inlet of the waste pyrolysis furnace; the fluidized bed is provided with a pyrolysis carbon inlet, an activation gas inlet and an activated carbon outlet, and the pyrolysis carbon inlet is connected with the pyrolysis carbon outlet of the waste pyrolysis furnace; the inlet of the purifying and separating device is connected with the combustion flue gas outlet of the heat accumulating type combustor and used for purifying and separating combustion flue gas. By the arrangement, the system has the advantages that the waste can be well pyrolyzed and recycled, the combustion flue gas is purified and separated, and the airtightness of the pyrolysis system is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to a kind for the treatment of technology of discarded object, and in particular to a kind of system of harmless treatment discarded object
And method.
Background technology
The biomass resource of China enriches very much, and about 6.5 hundred million tons of agricultural stalks are produced every year, adds fuel wood and forestry is useless
Gurry etc., 4.6 hundred million tons of standard coals of reduced energy, it is contemplated that will be added to 9.04 hundred million tons to the year two thousand fifty, ton standard more than 600,000,000
Coal.The annual forest consumptive material of China reaches 2.1 billion cubic meters, converts into the energy of 1.2 hundred million tons of standard coals.In addition, National urban life
Rubbish annual production living, will be up to 2.1 hundred million tons to the year two thousand twenty annual production more than 1.5 hundred million tons, and the content of organic matter in rubbish is averagely about
For 40%, in producing 1.5 hundred million tons of municipal refuse per year, up to 25,000,000,000 yuan of renewable resource value being dropped.If these resources are not
Jing is administered and is directly burned, drains into water body, accumulation and will cause the wasting of resources, and air, soil, surface water and groundwater etc.
Environmental pollution and the deterioration of environment for human survival.If but by biomass, rubbish, junked tire, waste and old organic matter, organic sludge
Deng for raw material, fuel-displaced, gas and solid carbon can be produced after Jing carbonizations, part substitutes the resources such as coal, oil, natural gas.But, it is
Guarantee economic benefit, it is still desirable to develop and charcoal is contained to biomass, rubbish, junked tire, waste and old organic matter, organic sludge etc.
The suitable process route of thing pyrolysis phase.It has been investigated that, the material of carbon containing is at temperatures of some hundreds of degrees celsius through charing, then lives
Change can prepare activated carbon.
Prior art can be recycled by pyrolysis to discarded object, such as using fluid bed to pyrolysis of waste.So
And, discarded object still has unavoidably the generation of secondary pollution gas, such as bioxin in pyrolytic process.Experiment proves that dioxin can
To damage various organs and system, once into human body, will be resident for a long time, because itself there is chemical stability and be easy to
Absorbed by adipose tissue, and put aside for a long time in vivo from this, may be carcinogenic through indirectly physiological pathway.Because being pyrolyzed
Different bioxin predecessors (such as chlorophenol, Polychlorinated biphenyls) are reacted under conditions of high temperature and oxygen in journey can generate bioxin.
Bioxin is entered in air, soil and water with small particle, and then pollutes the food of the mankind.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, in order to can design simultaneously, pyrolysis is in hgher efficiency, directly carry out resource
Using and the little castoff processing system of energy consumption, and prevent the generation of secondary pollution gas, need to be proposed a kind of new discarded object
Processing system and method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of system and method for harmless treatment discarded object, to design pyrolysis efficiency
It is higher, while directly carry out recycling and energy consumption little castoff processing system, prevent the generation of secondary pollution gas.
The present invention provides a kind of system of harmless treatment discarded object, the system include pyrolysis of waste stove, fluid bed,
Purification separation device and sealing device, wherein, it is provided with reative cell and heat-storage type burner in the pyrolysis of waste stove；It is described useless
Charging aperture and pyrolysis gas outlet are provided with the top of gurry pyrolysis oven；The bottom of the pyrolysis of waste stove is provided with pyrolytic carbon outlet；
The sealing device is included located at the water seal unit of the pyrolysis of waste furnace bottom and located at pyrolysis of waste stove charging
The double spiral seal unit of mouth；The fluid bed has the outlet of pyrolytic carbon entrance, activated gas import and activated carbon, the pyrolysis
Charcoal entrance is connected with the pyrolytic carbon outlet of the pyrolysis of waste stove；The entrance of the purification separation device fires with the heat accumulating type
The combustion product gases outlet connection of burner, for carrying out purification separation process to the combustion product gases.
Above-mentioned system, the system also includes surge tank, and the surge tank is provided with pyrolysis gas entrance and pyrolysis gas output
Mouthful, the pyrolysis gas entrance is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis of waste stove, the pyrolysis gas delivery outlet of the surge tank
It is connected with the combustion gas inlet of the heat-storage type burner.
Above-mentioned system, the material of the surge tank is insulation material.
Above-mentioned system, the activated gas import connection vapor conveyance conduit of the fluid bed and/or carbon dioxide gas
Body conveyance conduit.
Above-mentioned system, the water seal unit is circular water sealed tank, for completely cutting off furnace atmosphere, it is to avoid pyrolysis gas in stove
It is diffused into outside stove, while preventing the outer air of stove from entering in stove.
Above-mentioned system, the system still further comprises the pretreatment unit located at the pyrolysis of waste stokehold.
Above-mentioned system, the pretreatment unit includes rotary screen, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine.
Above-mentioned system, the heat-storage type burner is made up of many heat accumulation type radiant tubes, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube is equal
The even drapery panel top being arranged horizontally in the pyrolysis of waste stove.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that utilization said system carries out harmless treatment discarded object, and methods described includes step
Suddenly：
Pyrolysis of waste raw material is delivered into the pyrolysis of waste stove carries out sealed pyrolysis process, obtains pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis
Gas；
The pyrolytic carbon is delivered into the fluid bed, makes the pyrolytic carbon react with activator, obtain activated carbon；
The flue gas of generation of burning in the pyrolysis of waste stove is carried out at purification separation using the purification separation device
Reason.
Above-mentioned method, methods described still further comprises step：Using the pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis of waste stove as combustion
Burn gas to be passed through in the heat-storage type burner of the pyrolysis of waste stove.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is, technical scheme solves original pyrolysis of waste and there is pyrolysis not
Fully efficiency is low, burning gases are the problems such as directly discharge is still likely to result in secondary pollution, pyrolysis gas and may reveal, and the present invention can be compared with
Pyrolysis discarded object well and direct utilization, the flue gas to burning has carried out purification separation process, and ensures pyrolysis system
Seal.
Further, the system is directly connected the pyrolytic carbon after pyrolysis with fluid bed, make use of fluid bed bed volume
Expansion occur causes fluidisation object to have particle loosening, intergranular space increase, makes the pyrolytic carbon react with activator,
The activated carbon for obtaining has larger pore structure, thus with preferable characterization of adsorption, solves energy consumption when preparing activated carbon
Height, serious heat loss, prepare the inferior problem of activated carbon.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 prepares the structural representation of activated carbon for the pyrolysis of waste of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 prepares the structural representation of activated carbon for the pyrolysis of waste of another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein：100th, pyrolysis oven；101st, feeding conveying system；102nd, pyrolysis gas outlet；103rd, burner pyrolysis gas entrance；
104th, burner exhanst gas outlet；105th, pyrolytic carbon outlet；200th, fluid bed；201st, carbon dioxide entrance；202nd, pyrolytic carbon entrance；
203rd, gas vent；204th, activated carbon outlet；300th, pretreatment unit；301st, house refuse raw material；302nd, house refuse raw material
Import；303rd, house refuse outlet；400th, surge tank；500th, burner；600th, purification separation device；601st, flue gas enters before purifying
Mouthful；602nd, exhanst gas outlet after purification separation；700th, heater.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in more details, so as to energy
Enough more fully understand the solution of the present invention and the advantage of its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and reality
It is only descriptive purpose to apply example, rather than limitation of the present invention.
In describing the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " laterally ", " length ", " wide
Degree ", " thickness ", " on ", " under ", " before ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outward ", "
Clockwise ", " counterclockwise ", " axial direction ", " radial direction ", " circumference " and etc. instruction orientation or position relationship be based on side shown in the drawings
Position or position relationship, are for only for ease of the description present invention and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply device or the unit of indication
Part with specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore must be not considered as limiting the invention.
Additionally, term " first ", " second " be only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance
Or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, define " first ", " second " and feature can express or
Implicitly include at least one this feature.In describing the invention, " it is multiple " it is meant that at least two, such as two, three
It is individual etc., unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " be connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be fixedly connected, or be detachably connected, or it is integral；Can be that machinery connects
Connect, or electrically connect；Can be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, can be in two elements
The connection in portion or the interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise clearly restriction.For one of ordinary skill in the art
For, can as the case may be understand above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature is in second feature " on " or " under " can be with
It is the first and second feature directly contacts, or the first and second features are by intermediary mediate contact.And, fisrt feature exists
On second feature " ", " top " and " above " but fisrt feature or be merely representative of directly over second feature or oblique upper
Fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature is in second feature " under ", " lower section " and " below " can be
One feature is immediately below second feature or obliquely downward, or is merely representative of fisrt feature level height less than second feature.
Research has shown that, the intensification of pyrolytic process, insulation and cooling procedure need to control under oxygen-free atmosphere, to press down completely
The synthesis of dioxin processed.For the generation and in view of the shortcomings of the prior art of secondary pollution gas, under the present invention is proposed
State System and method for.
It should be noted that the discarded object in the present invention is mainly for life kind rubbish.
In one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes one kind and prepares activated carbon system.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention,
Reative cell and heat-storage type burner are provided with the pyrolysis of waste stove；Be provided with the top of the pyrolysis of waste stove charging aperture and
Pyrolysis gas outlet；The bottom of the pyrolysis of waste stove is provided with pyrolytic carbon outlet；The sealing device is included located at described discarded
The water seal unit and the double spiral seal unit located at the pyrolysis of waste stove charging aperture of thing pyrolysis furnace bottom；The fluid bed
With the outlet of pyrolytic carbon entrance, activated gas import and activated carbon, the heat of the pyrolytic carbon entrance and the pyrolysis of waste stove
Solution charcoal outlet connection；The entrance of the purification separation device is connected with the combustion product gases outlet of the heat-storage type burner, is used for
Purification separation process is carried out to the combustion product gases.
Above-mentioned water seal unit is circular water sealed tank, for completely cutting off furnace atmosphere, it is to avoid pyrolysis gas are diffused into outside stove in stove,
Prevent the outer air of stove from entering in stove simultaneously.Thus prevent oxygen and entered pyrolysis system, and then avoid generation dioxin from having
Malicious pernicious gas, while be also prevented from other pyrolysis gas letting out.
Inventor has found, by using the internal domestic garbage pyrolysis stove and existing fluid bed for arranging heat accumulation type radiant tube
Directly carry out combination and prepare activated carbon, and without the need for transforming the fluid bed that prior art is adopted, you can by house refuse heat
The hot pyrolytic carbon produced in solution stove delivers to fluid bed and carries out activation generation activated carbon.
Due to adopting heat accumulation type radiant tube to provide thermal source for pyrolytic process in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, can be logical by adjustment
Enter the flow of combustion gas of heat accumulation type radiant tube realizing the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can lead to
Cross and realize quick commutation and heat storage type combustion at two ends, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, so as to
Domestic garbage pyrolysis efficiency can be significantly improved, while more traditional uses gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers as pyrolysis heat
The pyrolytic reaction device in source is compared, and the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove of the present invention need not arrange preheating unit and carrier separative element,
Pyrolysis and priming reaction technological process can be greatly simplified, so as to significantly reduce the pyrolysis gas of the fault rate and gained cleaning of device
Mixture, by direct combustion gasses mixture, without the need for the dedusting to high-temperature oil gas, filters and cooling, and then can solve existing
Some house refuses prepare activated carbon leading portion pyrolytic process complexity, and behaviour caused by existing pyrolysis oven is high with fluid bed coupling
Make unstable problem.
Simultaneously the part sensible heat that pyrolysis gas are taken away can be solved using the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, the easy coking of pyrolysis oven, easily
Blockage problem, then by recycling pyrolysis gas using regenerative radiant tube burner, can save compared with the prior art
Petroleum vapor recovery such as utilizes at the chemical system, so as to reduce equipment investment cost, in addition, by will produce in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
The direct heat of pyrolytic carbon of heat is delivered to fluid bed and is reacted with carbon dioxide in flue gas, can not only guarantee that fluid bed directly prepares activity
Charcoal, and capacity usage ratio can be significantly improved, and when the stability for utilizing the house refuse to prepare activated carbon system.
Activated carbon system is prepared below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 to the utilization house refuse of the embodiment of the present invention to be retouched in detail
State.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, this prepares activated carbon system using house refuse includes：Pyrolysis oven 100 and fluid bed 200.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, pyrolysis oven 100 has feeding conveying system 101, pyrolysis gas outlet 102, pyrolytic carbon
Outlet 105, and pyrolysis oven 100 is internally provided with multigroup burner 500, and be suitable to for house refuse to carry out pyrolytic reaction, from
And pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas can be obtained.Inventor has found, by using the internal house refuse heat for arranging heat accumulation type radiant tube
Solution stove directly carries out combination and prepares activated carbon with existing fluid bed, and without the need for transforming existing fluid bed, you can will
The hot pyrolytic carbon produced in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove delivers to fluid bed and carries out activation generation activated carbon, due to domestic garbage pyrolysis
Adopt heat accumulation type radiant tube to provide thermal source for pyrolytic process in stove, the stream that adjustment is passed through the combustion gas of heat accumulation type radiant tube can be passed through
Measure to realize the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube by realizing quick commutation at two ends and can store
Hot type burns, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, such that it is able to significantly improve domestic garbage pyrolysis
Efficiency, while more traditional use gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers are compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source, this
The domestic garbage pyrolysis stove of invention need not arrange preheating unit and carrier separative element, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and activate anti-
Technological process is answered, so as to significantly reduce the pyrolysis gas mixture of the fault rate and gained cleaning of device, by direct combustion gasses
Mixture, without the need for the dedusting to high-temperature oil gas, filters and lowers the temperature, and then can solve existing house refuse and prepare before activated carbon
Section pyrolytic process is complicated, and the problem of existing pyrolysis oven caused fluctuation of service high with fluid bed coupling.
According to one embodiment of present invention, feeding conveying system 101 can be located at the upper end of pyrolysis oven 100, and be suitable to
House refuse is supplied to pyrolysis oven.
According to still a further embodiment, pyrolytic carbon outlet 105 can be located at the bottom of pyrolysis oven 100, and be suitable to
The pyrolytic carbon solid that pyrolytic process is produced discharges pyrolysis oven.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, pyrolysis gas outlet 102 can be located on the furnace roof of pyrolysis oven 100, and suitable
Pyrolysis oven is discharged in the pyrolysis gas for producing pyrolytic process.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, burner 500 divides in pyrolysis oven 100 along pyrolysis oven horizontal direction interval
Cloth, and every group of burner adopts heat accumulation type radiant tube, can independent control operation.
There is embodiments in accordance with the present invention, fluid bed 200 carbon dioxide entrance 201, pyrolytic carbon entrance 202, gas to go out
Mouth 203 and activated carbon outlet 204, pyrolytic carbon entrance 202 is connected with pyrolytic carbon outlet 105, and is suitable to be processed pyrolytic carbon,
It is hereby achieved that activated carbon.Inventor has found, by the way that the hot direct heat of pyrolytic carbon produced in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove is sent
The carbon dioxide reaction isolated into fluid bed and flue gas, can not only guarantee that fluid bed directly carries out the preparation of activated carbon,
And the utilization rate of energy can be significantly improved, and improve the stability that activated carbon system is prepared using the discarded object.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 2, pretreatment unit 300 can include receiving house refuse raw material
Import 302 and house refuse outlet 303.Pretreatment unit includes rotary screen, magnetic separator and disintegrating machine etc., by the life to sending into
Rubbish living is pre-processed, and the content of inorganic matter such as dregs, glass and metal etc. in discarded object is reduced, so as to reduce pyrolytic process
Heat that middle inorganic matter is taken away simultaneously ensures to provide the quality of pyrolytic carbon.
Another specific embodiment of the invention, surge tank 400 has pyrolysis gas entrance and pyrolysis gas outlet, the heat
Entrance of venting one's spleen is connected with pyrolysis gas outlet 102, and pyrolysis gas outlet 102 can be located at the top of pyrolysis oven 100, pyrolysis gas outlet 102
Can be made up of one or more, single or multiple pyrolysis gas outlet valves are opened according to pyrolysis gas output condition.Surge tank 400 is used for
The pyrolysis gas that caching pyrolysis oven 100 is produced, whole surge tank 400 is incubated using insulation material, it is ensured that oil in pyrolysis gas
It is constantly in gaseous state.
Another specific embodiment of the invention, burner 500 has burner pyrolysis gas entrance 103 and burner
Exhanst gas outlet 104, the pyrolysis gas entrance 103 of burner 500 is connected with surge tank 400, and gas is provided for burner 500 by surge tank
Source, meets the burning of burner.The flue gas that burning is produced is discharged from burner exhanst gas outlet 104, it is ensured that the burner hearth gas of pyrolysis oven 100
Atmosphere and the gas isolating of burner 500, realize that domestic garbage pyrolysis are carried out under anoxybiotic atmosphere, it is ensured that pyrolysis gas have higher
Calorific value, while effectively inhibiting the generation of bioxin.
Another specific embodiment of the invention, purification separation device 600 is with smoke inlet 601 before purification and only
Change carbon dioxide outlet 602 after separating, the purification separation device 600 purifies front smoke inlet 601 and burner exhanst gas outlet 104
It is connected, receives the mixed flue gas that the burning of burner 500 is produced, and mixed flue gas are purified in purification separation device 600
Separate, carbon dioxide outlet 602 of the carbon dioxide after purification separation after purification separation sends into back segment.
Another specific embodiment of the invention, the entrance of heater 700 with separate after carbon dioxide outlet 602 connect
Connect, the carbon dioxide after purification is heated, the hot carbon dioxide after heating sends into fluid bed by carbon dioxide entrance 201
In 200, and the pyrolytic carbon discharged with pyrolysis oven 100 reacts prepared activated carbon.
In the second aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method that utilization house refuse prepares activated carbon.Root
According to embodiments of the invention, the method is carried out using a kind of activated carbon system for preparing.Embodiment of the invention, should
Method includes：(1) house refuse is delivered into the pretreatment unit to be pre-processed, so as to obtain pyrolysis feed；(2) will locate in advance
Organic matter delivers to the pyrolysis oven and carries out pyrolysis processing after reason, to obtain carbon residue and pyrolysis gas；(3) pyrolysis gas are conveyed
Burnt to burner, for pyrolysis oven heat is provided, and generation of burning is available for the heat smoke of the fluidized-bed reaction；(4) will
The pyrolytic carbon delivers to the fluid bed, makes carbon residue react with carbon dioxide in flue gas, to obtain activated carbon.
Inventor has found, by using the internal domestic garbage pyrolysis stove and existing fluid bed for arranging heat accumulation type radiant tube
Directly carry out combination and prepare activated carbon, and without the need for transforming existing fluid bed, you can will produce in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
Raw hot pyrolytic carbon delivers to fluid bed and carries out activation generation activated carbon, due to being radiated using heat accumulating type in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
Manage and provide thermal source for pyrolytic process, can be realized to pyrolytic process by adjusting the flow of the combustion gas for being passed through heat accumulation type radiant tube
Accurate temperature controlling, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can be by realizing quick commutation and heat storage type combustion at two ends, it is ensured that
The uniformity in temperature field in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, such that it is able to significantly improve domestic garbage pyrolysis efficiency, while more traditional
Compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source using gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers, the domestic garbage pyrolysis of the present invention
Stove need not arrange preheating unit and carrier separative element, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction technological process, so as to aobvious
The pyrolysis gas mixture of the fault rate and gained cleaning for reducing device is write, by direct combustion gasses mixture, without the need for high temperature
The dedusting of oil gas, filter and lower the temperature, and then can solving existing house refuse, to prepare activated carbon leading portion pyrolytic process complicated, and
The problem of existing pyrolysis oven caused fluctuation of service high with fluid bed coupling, while can using the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
To solve the part sensible heat that pyrolysis gas are taken away, the easy coking of pyrolysis oven, easy blockage problem, then by firing using heat accumulation type radiant tube
Burner recycles pyrolysis gas, petroleum vapor recovery can be saved compared with the prior art and the chemical system such as utilizes, so as to reduce equipment
Cost of investment, in addition, by the way that the hot direct heat of pyrolytic carbon produced in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove is delivered to and fluid bed and flue gas
In the carbon dioxide reaction isolated, can not only guarantee that fluid bed directly prepares activated carbon, and energy can be significantly improved
Utilization rate, and when the stability for utilizing the house refuse to prepare activated carbon system.It should be noted that above-mentioned for a kind of system
Feature and advantage described by standby activated carbon system are equally applicable to the method for preparing activated carbon using house refuse, herein no longer
Repeat.
The method that a kind of utilization house refuse of the embodiment of the present invention prepares activated carbon is carried out below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
Describe in detail.Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the method comprises the steps：
(1) raw material pre-treatment：House refuse is obtained after pretreatment can be used as the raw material of pyrolysis.
Above-mentioned pretreatment includes following one or more：
A) house refuse is delivered into the screening machine, to obtain the raw material containing large amount of organic；
B) by screening after raw material containing large amount of organic send into magnetic separator, screen the metal in organic matter；
C) by magnetic separation after raw material containing large amount of organic send into disintegrating machine, the organic matter after magnetic separation can be broken into
Particle diameter is the raw material of the met pyrolysis requirement of 2-50mm sheets and/or bulk.
(2) charging feedstock：Above-mentioned material is sent into pyrolysis oven 100 by feeding conveying system 101, material uniform distribution
On drapery panel, thickness of feed layer is 50-300mm.
(3) displacement and air-leakage test：Guaranteeing that entirely preparing activated carbon system internal valves opens, each equipment phase
It is logical, a certain amount of nitrogen or vapor are passed through to system one end, whole system is entered into line replacement, air in system of draining is shut and is put
Air valve, it is ensured that the air-tightness of whole system is good.
(4) material pyrolysis：Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, by the above-mentioned material after pretreatment of raw material pyrolysis oven is passed through
Upper feed inlet enters entrance storehouse, in the pyrolysis oven under the effect of cloth scraper plate, material uniform distribution on reactor drapery panel, and
Fuel is supplied in heat accumulation type radiant tube into pyrolysis oven, to carry out being pyrolyzed instead to house refuse using domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
Should, so as to obtain pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas.By using the internal domestic garbage pyrolysis stove that heat accumulation type radiant tube is set with it is existing
Fluid bed directly carry out combination and prepare activated carbon, and without the need for transform existing fluid bed, you can by house refuse heat
The hot pyrolytic carbon produced in solution stove delivers to fluid bed and carries out activation generation activated carbon, stores due to adopting in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
Hot type radiant tube provides thermal source for pyrolytic process, can be right to realize by adjusting the flow of the combustion gas for being passed through heat accumulation type radiant tube
The accurate temperature controlling of pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can by realizing quick commutation and heat storage type combustion at two ends,
The uniformity in temperature field in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove is can ensure that, such that it is able to significantly improve domestic garbage pyrolysis efficiency, while
More traditional use gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers are compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source, the life of the present invention
Garbage pyrolysis furnace need not arrange preheating unit and carrier separative element, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction technique stream
Journey, so as to significantly reduce the pyrolysis gas mixture of the fault rate and gained cleaning of device, by direct combustion gasses mixture, nothing
To the dedusting of high-temperature oil gas, filtration and need to lower the temperature, and then existing house refuse can be solved and prepare activated carbon leading portion pyrolysis work
Skill is complicated, and the problem of existing pyrolysis oven caused fluctuation of service high with fluid bed coupling.
(5) burner combustion heat supply：Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, the pyrolysis gas that domestic garbage pyrolysis are produced are supplied to
Pyrolysis apparatus is burnt, and pyrolysis apparatus is made up of many heat accumulation type radiant tubes, and heat accumulation type radiant tube even level is arranged in drapery panel
Top, heat is provided by radiant heat transfer for house refuse, and every heat accumulation type radiant tube adopts independent control system, Ke Yitong
Cross adjustment be passed through heat accumulation type radiant tube combustion gas flow realizing the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, heat-storage type burner can
Normal temperature air temperature is brought up into 300～450 DEG C, while the flue-gas temperature for producing of burning can be down to less than 120 DEG C.In pyrolysis gas
Heat accumulation type radiant tube front end is provided with surge tank, for caching part pyrolysis gas, meets under conditions of unexpected blowing out
Radiant tube can be met uninterruptedly to burn.During domestic garbage pyrolysis, material is with respect to charging tray transfixion, it is to avoid the product of flying dust
It is raw, along with the setting of surge tank, pyrolysis gas can be avoided from bringing lime-ash problem, therefore mixed pyrolysis into during burner
Gas can be fed directly to be burnt in pyrolysis apparatus, and the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove of the present invention need not arrange preheating unit and carrier point
From unit, pyrolysis and priming reaction technological process can be greatly simplified, so as to the fault rate and gained that significantly reduce device are cleaned
Pyrolysis gas mixture, by direct combustion gasses mixture, without the need for the dedusting to high-temperature oil gas, filter and lower the temperature.
(6) gas cleaning is separated：Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, send the flue gas of burner combustion into purification separation device
In, denitration and desulfurization are first carried out to flue gas, nitrogen, the discharge capacity of sulphur compound are reduced, in case such material enters air causes two
Secondary pollution.Flue gas after purification sends into gas fractionation unit and carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen),
Obtain carbon dioxide of the purity more than 95%.Other gases (mainly containing nitrogen) the feeding air accumulators for obtaining are standby,
Can not only be used for inert gas carries out sealing gland isolation for each seal section, but also as burner hearth and blowing pipeline displacement gas.
(7) gas preheating：Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, isolated carbon dioxide is passed through in heater
Row heat exchange, by carbon dioxide gas temperature 600～950 DEG C are brought up to, and reach fluid bed activation desired reaction temperature.Heat exchanger is adopted
With rotary preheater, heat exchange material preferably ceramic honeycomb ceramics, achievable gas quickly exchanges heat, and is greatly improved heat utilization
Rate, so as to reducing energy consumption.
The inventors discovered that, by using the internal domestic garbage pyrolysis stove and existing fluidisation for arranging heat accumulation type radiant tube
Bed directly carries out combination and prepares activated carbon, and without the need for transforming existing fluid bed, you can by domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
The hot pyrolytic carbon of generation delivers to fluid bed and carries out activation generation activated carbon.Can be solved using fluidized bed pyrolysis mistake using this technique
Cheng Zhong, causes blocking and dust weight problem, while solid with pyrolysis gas during fraction solids Logistics into pipeline and dust pelletizing system
Loss can take away partial heat, cause heat loss serious.When solid is fluidized in fluid bed, the time of staying difficult control causes
Fraction solids charcoal does not also survey bottom pyrolysis just from discharging opening discharge, can there is more tar in solid carbon, and tar is existed for
The activation of subsequent solid charcoal increases difficulty, reduces the specific surface area of activated carbon.While more traditional use gas heat carrier or solid
Heat carrier is compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source, and the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove of the present invention need not arrange preheating unit
With carrier separative element, can greatly simplify pyrolysis and priming reaction technological process, so as to significantly reduce device fault rate and
The pyrolysis gas mixture of gained cleaning, by direct combustion gasses mixture, without the need for the dedusting to high-temperature oil gas, filters and drop
Temperature, and then can solving existing house refuse, to prepare activated carbon leading portion pyrolytic process complicated, and existing pyrolysis oven and fluidisation
The problem of fluctuation of service caused by bed coupling is high, while can solve what pyrolysis gas were taken away using the domestic garbage pyrolysis stove
Part sensible heat, the easy coking of pyrolysis oven, easy blockage problem, then by recycling pyrolysis using regenerative radiant tube burner
Gas, can save compared with the prior art petroleum vapor recovery and the chemical system such as utilize, and so as to reduce equipment investment cost, further adopt
Heated to carbon dioxide with revolution air preheater, heat utilization efficiency is greatly improved, so as to reducing energy consumption.
In addition, two in by the way that the hot direct heat of pyrolytic carbon produced in domestic garbage pyrolysis stove is delivered into fluid bed and flue gas
Carbon dioxide reaction, can not only guarantee that fluid bed directly prepares activated carbon, and can significantly improve capacity usage ratio, and work as
The stability of activated carbon system is prepared using the house refuse.
The present invention is provided without the technology of original fluidized bed pyrolysis discarded object, but rightly make use of the characteristic of fluid bed,
I.e. when fluid is gradually increased to certain value by the speed of bed, loosening occurs in particle, and intergranular space increase, bed volume goes out
Now expand；If further improving fluid velocity, bed can not maintain stationary state.Now, particle is all suspended in stream
In body, quite irregular motion is shown；With the raising of flow velocity, the motion of particle is further violent, the expansion of bed also with
Increase, activator is fully contacted with particle, increases contact area, but particle is still remained in bed and not by fluid band
Go out.The present invention has been used in the kinetic characteristic of above-mentioned fluid bed during pyrolytic carbon activation prepares activated carbon so that be obtained
Activated carbon have gap structure flourishing, specific surface area is big, high adsorption capacity.The especially big feature of pore structure so that activity
Charcoal can be effectively in adsorptive liquid larger various materials, the impurity such as color.
In sum, technical scheme, had both solved the insufficient efficiency of original pyrolysis of waste presence pyrolysis low
Problem, the present invention can preferably be pyrolyzed discarded object and direct utilization, and burning gases are solved again, and directly discharge still may be used
The problems such as secondary pollution, pyrolysis gas can be caused to reveal, the flue gas to burning has carried out purification separation process, and ensures pyrolysis
The seal of system.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, present invention is described, it should be noted that these embodiments are only described
Property, and the present invention is limited never in any form.
Embodiment
With house refuse as raw material, the system for preparing activated carbon using house refuse discarded object carries out the preparation of activated carbon,
The structure of system is as shown in Fig. 2 the method for preparing activated carbon is as follows：
(1) 30 tons of discarded objects are screened, magnetic separation and break process, obtain the following organic matters of particle diameter 30mm；
(2) broken discarded object is sent into pyrolysis oven to be pyrolyzed, on drapery panel, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
100mm.Heating radiation pipe is provided with the pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis obtains semicoke (550 DEG C) and pyrolysis gas (temperature is 600 DEG C), produces
Raw pyrolysis char sends into fluid bed；
(3) the high temperature pyrolysis gas for producing pyrolysis are sent into burner and are burnt, and burner adopts heat storage type combustion
Device, can bring up to 350～400 DEG C by normal temperature air temperature, while the flue-gas temperature for producing of burning can be down to 110 DEG C or so；
(4) flue gas of burner combustion is sent into purification separation device, denitration and desulfurization is carried out to flue gas, after purification
Flue gas sends into gas fractionation unit and carries out the separation of carbon dioxide and other gases (mainly containing nitrogen), obtains purity left 97%
Right carbon dioxide gasification.Isolated carbon dioxide is passed through in rotary preheater and is exchanged heat, two after preheating
Carbon oxide gas temperature is 780 DEG C or so, in sending into fluid bed.
(5) pyrolytic carbon that the carbon dioxide obtained in step (4) is obtained with step (2) is inversely contacted instead in fluid bed
Activated carbon should be obtained, fluidized-bed reaction temperature control is at 850 DEG C or so；
Process of the present invention can long-term smooth operation, resulting above-mentioned discarded object is obtained the product of activity product char
Rate and main character are shown in Table 1.
The data result of table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention can directly carry out recycling discarded object by said system and method, be obtained compared with
Good activated carbon product.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or spy that the embodiment or example are described
Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Identical embodiment or example must be directed to.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be with office
Combine in an appropriate manner in one or more embodiments or example.Additionally, in the case of not conflicting, the skill of this area
Art personnel can be tied the feature of the different embodiments or example described in this specification and different embodiments or example
Close and combine.
Finally it should be noted that：Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and and
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also do on the basis of the above description
Go out the change or variation of other multi-forms.There is no need to be exhaustive to all of embodiment.And thus drawn
Obvious change that Shen goes out or among changing still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of system of harmless treatment discarded object, the system includes pyrolysis of waste stove, fluid bed, purification separation device
And sealing device, wherein,
Reative cell and heat-storage type burner are provided with the pyrolysis of waste stove；Charging is provided with the top of the pyrolysis of waste stove
Mouth and pyrolysis gas outlet；The bottom of the pyrolysis of waste stove is provided with pyrolytic carbon outlet；
The sealing device is included located at the water seal unit of the pyrolysis of waste furnace bottom and located at the pyrolysis of waste stove
The double spiral seal unit of charging aperture；
The fluid bed has the outlet of pyrolytic carbon entrance, activated gas import and activated carbon, and the pyrolytic carbon entrance is useless with described
The pyrolytic carbon outlet connection of gurry pyrolysis oven；
The entrance of the purification separation device is connected with the combustion product gases outlet of the heat-storage type burner.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system also includes surge tank, the surge tank is provided with
Pyrolysis gas entrance and pyrolysis gas delivery outlet, the pyrolysis gas entrance is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis of waste stove, institute
The pyrolysis gas delivery outlet for stating surge tank is connected with the combustion gas inlet of the heat-storage type burner.
3. system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the material of the surge tank is insulation material.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the activated gas import connection vapor of the fluid bed is defeated
Send pipeline and/or carbon dioxide conveyance conduit.
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water seal unit is circular water sealed tank.
6. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system is also included located at the pyrolysis of waste stokehold
Pretreatment unit.
7. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the pretreatment unit includes rotary screen, magnetic separator and broken
Broken machine.
8. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat-storage type burner is by many heat accumulation type radiant tube groups
Into the heat accumulation type radiant tube even level is arranged in the top of the drapery panel in the pyrolysis of waste stove.
9. the method that system described in a kind of any one of utilization claim 1 to 8 carries out harmless treatment discarded object, methods described bag
Include step：
Pyrolysis of waste raw material is delivered into the pyrolysis of waste stove carries out sealed pyrolysis process, obtains pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas；
The pyrolytic carbon is delivered into the fluid bed, makes the pyrolytic carbon react with activator, obtain activated carbon；
Purification separation process is carried out to the flue gas of generation of burning in the pyrolysis of waste stove using the purification separation device.
10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that methods described also includes step：
It is passed through the pyrolysis gas of the pyrolysis of waste stove as combustion gas in the heat-storage type burner of the pyrolysis of waste stove.
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| CN110437856A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of combustible solid wastes by utilizing rapid pyrolysis method and device based on zeolite porous media and more physical chemistry fields |
| CN110437861A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-12 | 华南理工大学 | It is a kind of based on microwave-assisted and zeolite catalyst combustible solid wastes by utilizing high temperature pyrolysis method and apparatus |
| CN112079357A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 淮北市森化碳吸附剂有限责任公司 | Rotary activation furnace beneficial to reducing material layer stacking thickness |
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