CN106627219A - Electric-energy supplying system of electric automobile and control method thereof - Google Patents
Electric-energy supplying system of electric automobile and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动汽车电能供给系统及其控制方法。该系统包括燃料罐、燃料重整反应堆、燃料电池发电机、DC/DC转换器、配电单元、电池系统和电能管理控制器,所述燃料罐、燃料重整反应堆和燃料电池发电机依次通过连接管路连接,所述DC/DC转换器的输入端与燃料电池发电机电连接,所述配电单元分别与电池系统、电动汽车的电机系统和DC/DC转换器的输出端电连接,所述电能管理控制器分别与燃料电池发电机的控制端、电池系统的控制端、配电单元的控制端和整车控制器电连接。本发明可采用甲醇、乙醇、天然气等清洁燃料作为能源,解决了加氢难、危险系数高的技术问题。
The invention discloses an electric vehicle electric energy supply system and a control method thereof. The system includes a fuel tank, a fuel reforming reactor, a fuel cell generator, a DC/DC converter, a power distribution unit, a battery system, and a power management controller, and the fuel tank, a fuel reforming reactor, and a fuel cell generator are sequentially passed through The connecting pipeline is connected, the input end of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the fuel cell generator, and the power distribution unit is respectively electrically connected to the battery system, the motor system of the electric vehicle and the output end of the DC/DC converter. The power management controller is electrically connected to the control terminal of the fuel cell generator, the control terminal of the battery system, the control terminal of the power distribution unit and the vehicle controller respectively. The invention can use methanol, ethanol, natural gas and other clean fuels as energy sources, and solves the technical problems of difficult hydrogenation and high risk factor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种电动汽车电能供给系统及其控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle power supply system and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
世界范围内的电能危机和环境污染问题日趋严重,多年来的实践证明,节能和减排是汽车技术发展的主要方向,电力驱动车辆是解决车辆电能危机与尾气污染的一个重要途径。因此,电力驱动车辆的电能供给系统开发就显得尤为重要。在电力驱动车辆的电能供给系统方面,尽管单纯使用储能动力电池的电力驱动车辆具有零排放、低噪音和高效率的优点,但由于受到储能电池能量密度低的局限,导致纯动力电池提供能量供给的车辆不但制造成本高,而且续航里程短和充电时间长。在储能电池的能量密度得到突破性进展前,目前的电能供给系统尚不能满足人们对电力驱动车辆的使用需求。The world-wide power crisis and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Over the years, practice has proved that energy saving and emission reduction are the main directions for the development of automobile technology, and electric drive vehicles are an important way to solve the power crisis and exhaust pollution of vehicles. Therefore, the development of electric energy supply system for electric drive vehicles is particularly important. In terms of the electric energy supply system of electric drive vehicles, although electric drive vehicles using only energy storage power batteries have the advantages of zero emission, low noise and high efficiency, due to the limitation of low energy density of energy storage batteries, pure power batteries provide Energy-powered vehicles are not only expensive to manufacture, but also have short range and long charging times. Before the breakthrough in the energy density of energy storage batteries, the current power supply system cannot meet people's demand for electric vehicles.
而目前采用增程式车辆的电能供给驱动车辆是一种介于传统车辆和纯动力电池提供电能驱动车辆之间的过渡型车辆,兼有两者的一些优点,如低排放、高效率和续航里程长等。目前市场上采用增程式的电能驱动车辆主要有两种方式:采用单一内燃机发电和单一动力电池联合提供电能供给;采用储氢形式的质子交换膜燃料电池和单一动力电池联合提供电能供给。第一种形式虽然它是电力驱动,但也不是零排放的。内燃机发电也会有排放污染。第二种形式虽然零排放,但是车载储氢具有加氢难、危险系数高、技术难度大等诸多局限性。At present, the electric energy supply drive vehicle using the extended range vehicle is a transitional vehicle between the traditional vehicle and the electric energy drive vehicle provided by the pure power battery, and has some advantages of both, such as low emission, high efficiency and cruising range long wait. At present, there are two main ways to use extended-range electric drive vehicles on the market: using a single internal combustion engine to generate electricity and a single power battery to jointly provide power supply; using a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the form of hydrogen storage and a single power battery to jointly provide power supply. The first form, although it's electric, isn't emission-free either. Power generation by internal combustion engines also produces emissions. Although the second form is zero-emission, vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage has many limitations such as difficult hydrogen refueling, high risk factor, and technical difficulty.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有电动汽车电能供给系统采用储氢罐储存氢气向燃料电池提供氢气,存在加氢难、危险系数高的技术问题,提供了一种电动汽车电能供给系统及其控制方法,其可采用甲醇、乙醇、天然气等清洁燃料作为能源,解决了加氢难、危险系数高的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the technical problems that the existing electric vehicle power supply system uses hydrogen storage tanks to store hydrogen to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell, and there are technical problems such as difficult hydrogen addition and high risk factor, and provides an electric vehicle power supply system and its control method , which can use methanol, ethanol, natural gas and other clean fuels as energy sources, which solves the technical problems of difficult hydrogenation and high risk factors.
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
本发明的一种电动汽车电能供给系统,包括燃料罐、燃料重整反应堆、燃料电池发电机、DC/DC转换器、配电单元、电池系统和电能管理控制器,所述燃料罐、燃料重整反应堆和燃料电池发电机依次通过连接管路连接,所述DC/DC转换器的输入端与燃料电池发电机电连接,所述配电单元分别与电池系统、电动汽车的电机系统和DC/DC转换器的输出端电连接,所述电能管理控制器分别与燃料电池发电机的控制端、电池系统的控制端、配电单元的控制端和整车控制器电连接。An electric vehicle power supply system of the present invention includes a fuel tank, a fuel reforming reactor, a fuel cell generator, a DC/DC converter, a power distribution unit, a battery system, and a power management controller. The whole reactor and the fuel cell generator are sequentially connected through connecting pipelines, the input end of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the fuel cell generator, and the power distribution unit is respectively connected to the battery system, the motor system of the electric vehicle and the DC/DC The output terminal of the converter is electrically connected, and the power management controller is electrically connected with the control terminal of the fuel cell generator, the control terminal of the battery system, the control terminal of the power distribution unit and the vehicle controller respectively.
在本技术方案中,燃料罐存储甲醇、乙醇或天然气等清洁燃料。燃料罐中的燃料输送到燃料重整反应堆中后,燃料重整反应堆中的燃料在氧气不足的环境下在高温或催化剂作用下发生氧化还原反应,生成一氧化碳和氢气。燃料重整反应堆输送到燃料电池发电机中的一氧化碳和氢气在600℃~800℃下直接和氧化剂反应,产生电能。DC/DC转换器将燃料电池发电机输出的电压转换为电动汽车需要的电压。配电单元用于控制电池系统、电动汽车的电机系统和DC/DC转换器之间的电路连通或断开。In this technical solution, the fuel tank stores clean fuels such as methanol, ethanol or natural gas. After the fuel in the fuel tank is delivered to the fuel reforming reactor, the fuel in the fuel reforming reactor undergoes a redox reaction at high temperature or under the action of a catalyst in an oxygen-deficient environment to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen delivered by the fuel reforming reactor to the fuel cell generator directly react with the oxidant at 600°C to 800°C to generate electricity. The DC/DC converter converts the voltage output by the fuel cell generator to the voltage required by the electric vehicle. The power distribution unit is used to control the connection or disconnection of circuits between the battery system, the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the DC/DC converter.
电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机和配电单元工作,与电池系统通信获取电动汽车电池的信息。电能管理控制器还与整车控制器通信获取整车信息,反馈电能供给系统信息到整车控制器。电动汽车启动时,整车控制器发送信息给电能管理控制器,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机工作发电。The power management controller controls the work of the fuel cell generator and power distribution unit, and communicates with the battery system to obtain information about the battery of the electric vehicle. The power management controller also communicates with the vehicle controller to obtain vehicle information, and feeds back the information of the power supply system to the vehicle controller. When the electric vehicle is started, the vehicle controller sends information to the power management controller, and the power management controller controls the fuel cell generator to work and generate electricity.
作为优选,所述一种电动汽车电能供给系统还包括热能回收装置,所述热能回收装置包括热交换器、风机、进风管路和出风管路,所述热交换器的热媒进口、热媒出口分别与燃料电池发电机的排热系统连接,所述热交换器的冷媒进口通过进风管路与风机连接,所述热交换器的冷媒出口与出风管路连接,所述出风管路上设有第一出风口,所述第一出风口通过通气管路与电池系统的进风口连接,所述第一出风口上设有第一电磁阀,所述电能管理控制器分别与风机和第一电磁阀电连接。Preferably, the electric vehicle power supply system further includes a heat energy recovery device, the heat energy recovery device includes a heat exchanger, a fan, an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, and the heat medium inlet of the heat exchanger, The heat medium outlets are respectively connected to the heat exhaust system of the fuel cell generator, the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the fan through the air inlet pipeline, the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the air outlet pipeline, and the outlet A first air outlet is provided on the air duct, and the first air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the battery system through the ventilation pipeline. The first air outlet is provided with a first solenoid valve, and the power management controller is connected with the The fan is electrically connected with the first solenoid valve.
电动汽车运行过程中,电能管理控制器与电池系统通信获取电池温度信息,当电池温度较低时,电能管理控制器控制第一电磁阀打开,控制风机工作,风机吹入的冷风通过热交换器加热后成为热风吹入电池系统,给电池加热,保证电池在较好的充放电性能温度区间。During the operation of the electric vehicle, the power management controller communicates with the battery system to obtain battery temperature information. When the battery temperature is low, the power management controller controls the opening of the first solenoid valve to control the operation of the fan, and the cold air blown by the fan passes through the heat exchanger. After heating, it becomes hot air and blows into the battery system to heat the battery to ensure that the battery is in a temperature range with good charge and discharge performance.
作为优选,所述出风管路上还设有第二出风口,所述第二出风口通过通气管路与电动汽车驾驶室内的出气口连接,所述第二出风口上设有第二电磁阀,所述第二电磁阀与电能管理控制器电连接。电动汽车运行过程中,用户可通过整车控制器向电能管理控制器发送控制信号,电能管理控制器控制第二电磁阀打开,控制风机工作,风机吹入的冷风通过热交换器加热后成为热风吹入电动汽车驾驶室,给电动汽车驾驶室提供暖风。Preferably, a second air outlet is also provided on the air outlet pipeline, and the second air outlet is connected to the air outlet in the cab of the electric vehicle through a ventilation pipeline, and a second electromagnetic valve is provided on the second air outlet , the second solenoid valve is electrically connected to the power management controller. During the operation of the electric vehicle, the user can send a control signal to the power management controller through the vehicle controller. The power management controller controls the opening of the second solenoid valve and controls the fan to work. The cold air blown by the fan is heated by the heat exchanger and becomes hot air. Blow into the electric car cab to provide warm air for the electric car cab.
作为优选,所述燃料罐用于存储燃料,所述燃料为甲醇、乙醇或天然气。Preferably, the fuel tank is used for storing fuel, and the fuel is methanol, ethanol or natural gas.
作为优选,所述燃料罐输送到燃料重整反应堆中的燃料在氧气不足的环境下在高温或催化剂作用下发生氧化还原反应,生成一氧化碳和氢气。Preferably, the fuel delivered from the fuel tank to the fuel reforming reactor undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction at high temperature or under the action of a catalyst in an oxygen-deficient environment to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
作为优选,所述燃料重整反应堆输送到燃料电池发电机中的一氧化碳和氢气在600℃~800℃下直接和氧化剂反应,产生电能。Preferably, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen delivered by the fuel reforming reactor to the fuel cell generator directly react with the oxidant at 600° C. to 800° C. to generate electric energy.
作为优选,所述电池系统包括锂离子电池和电池管理控制模块。Preferably, the battery system includes a lithium ion battery and a battery management control module.
作为优选,所述一种电动汽车电能供给系统还包括检测燃料电池发电机输出电压电流的电压电流检测模块,所述电压电流检测模块与电能管理控制器电连接。电能管理控制器将检测的燃料电池发电机输出电压、电流数据发送到整车控制器。Preferably, the electric vehicle power supply system further includes a voltage and current detection module for detecting the output voltage and current of the fuel cell generator, and the voltage and current detection module is electrically connected to the power management controller. The power management controller sends the detected output voltage and current data of the fuel cell generator to the vehicle controller.
作为优选,所述配电单元与电池系统之间设有第一接触器和第一保险丝,所述配电单元与DC/DC转换器之间设有第二接触器和第二保险丝,所述电能管理控制器分别与第一接触器的控制端和第二接触器的控制端电连接。当电池系统输出的电压或电流过高时,电能管理控制器控制第一接触器断开,当燃料电池发电机输出的电压或电流过高时,电能管理控制器控制第二接触器断开。Preferably, a first contactor and a first fuse are provided between the power distribution unit and the battery system, a second contactor and a second fuse are provided between the power distribution unit and the DC/DC converter, and the The power management controller is electrically connected to the control terminal of the first contactor and the control terminal of the second contactor respectively. When the voltage or current output by the battery system is too high, the power management controller controls the first contactor to disconnect, and when the voltage or current output by the fuel cell generator is too high, the power management controller controls the second contactor to disconnect.
本发明的一种电动汽车电能供给系统的控制方法,用于上述的一种电动汽车电能供给系统,包括以下步骤:当电动汽车启动时,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机工作发电,通过配电单元控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,电池系统给电动汽车的电机系统供电;当电动汽车启动N秒后,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统断开连接,燃料电池发电机单独给电动汽车的电机系统供电。A control method for an electric vehicle power supply system according to the present invention is used in the above-mentioned electric vehicle power supply system, comprising the following steps: when the electric vehicle is started, the power management controller controls the fuel cell generator to work and generate electricity, The electric unit controls the electrical connection between the battery system and the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the battery system supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle; when the electric vehicle starts for N seconds, the power management controller controls the electrical connection between the fuel cell generator and the motor system of the electric vehicle, The control battery system is disconnected from the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the fuel cell generator supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle independently.
燃料电池发电机由于工作温度较高,所以启动时间较慢,启动时需要由电池系统给电动汽车的电机系统供电。Due to the high operating temperature of the fuel cell generator, the start-up time is relatively slow, and the battery system needs to supply power to the motor system of the electric vehicle during start-up.
作为优选,在燃料电池发电机单独给电动汽车的电机系统供电的过程中,当燃料电池发电机所发电量不能满足电动汽车需求时,电能管理控制器通过配电单元控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,燃料电池发电机和电池系统都给电动汽车的电机系统供电。Preferably, when the fuel cell generator alone supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle, when the power generated by the fuel cell generator cannot meet the demand of the electric vehicle, the power management controller controls the connection between the battery system and the electric vehicle through the power distribution unit. The electric motor system is electrically connected, and the fuel cell generator and the battery system both supply power to the electric motor system of the electric vehicle.
本发明的有益效果是:可采用甲醇、乙醇、天然气等清洁燃料作为能源,解决了加氢难、危险系数高的技术问题,根据车辆行驶的不同工况,提供一个最优的供电模式。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: methanol, ethanol, natural gas and other clean fuels can be used as energy sources, solving the technical problems of difficult hydrogenation and high risk factors, and providing an optimal power supply mode according to different working conditions of vehicles.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明的一种电路原理连接框图;Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit principle connection block diagram of the present invention;
图3是热能回收装置的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a heat energy recovery device.
图中:1、燃料罐,2、燃料重整反应堆,3、燃料电池发电机,4、DC/DC转换器,5、配电单元,6、电池系统,7、电能管理控制器,8、电机系统,9、整车控制器,10、热交换器,11、风机,12、进风管路,13、出风管路,14、第一电磁阀,15、第二电磁阀,16、电压电流检测模块,17、报警模块,18、第一出风口,19、第二出风口,20、无线通信模块。In the figure: 1. Fuel tank, 2. Fuel reforming reactor, 3. Fuel cell generator, 4. DC/DC converter, 5. Power distribution unit, 6. Battery system, 7. Power management controller, 8. Motor system, 9. Vehicle controller, 10. Heat exchanger, 11. Fan, 12. Air inlet pipeline, 13. Air outlet pipeline, 14. First solenoid valve, 15. Second solenoid valve, 16. Voltage and current detection module, 17, alarm module, 18, first air outlet, 19, second air outlet, 20, wireless communication module.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1:本实施例的一种电动汽车电能供给系统,如图1、图2所示,包括燃料罐1、燃料重整反应堆2、燃料电池发电机3、DC/DC转换器4、配电单元5、电池系统6和电能管理控制器7,燃料罐1、燃料重整反应堆2和燃料电池发电机3依次通过连接管路连接,DC/DC转换器4的输入端与燃料电池发电机3电连接,配电单元5分别与电池系统6、电动汽车的电机系统8和DC/DC转换器4的输出端电连接,电能管理控制器7分别与燃料电池发电机3的控制端、电池系统6的控制端、配电单元5的控制端和整车控制器9电连接。Embodiment 1: A kind of electric energy supply system of electric vehicle of this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, comprises fuel tank 1, fuel reforming reactor 2, fuel cell generator 3, DC/DC converter 4, distribution The electric unit 5, the battery system 6, and the power management controller 7, the fuel tank 1, the fuel reforming reactor 2, and the fuel cell generator 3 are sequentially connected through connecting pipelines, and the input end of the DC/DC converter 4 is connected to the fuel cell generator 3 are electrically connected, the power distribution unit 5 is electrically connected to the battery system 6, the motor system 8 of the electric vehicle, and the output end of the DC/DC converter 4, and the power management controller 7 is respectively connected to the control end of the fuel cell generator 3, the battery The control terminal of the system 6, the control terminal of the power distribution unit 5 and the vehicle controller 9 are electrically connected.
燃料罐用于存储燃料,所述燃料为甲醇、乙醇或天然气。燃料罐中的燃料输送到燃料重整反应堆中后,燃料重整反应堆中的燃料在氧气不足的环境下在高温或催化剂作用下发生氧化还原反应,生成一氧化碳和氢气。燃料重整反应堆输送到燃料电池发电机中的一氧化碳和氢气在600℃~800℃下直接和氧化剂反应,产生电能。DC/DC转换器将燃料电池发电机输出的电压转换为电动汽车需要的电压。配电单元用于控制电池系统、电动汽车的电机系统和DC/DC转换器之间的电路连通或断开。电池系统包括功率型锂离子电池和电池管理控制模块,功率型锂离子电池主要起到“削峰填谷”的作用。Fuel tanks are used to store fuel, which is methanol, ethanol or natural gas. After the fuel in the fuel tank is delivered to the fuel reforming reactor, the fuel in the fuel reforming reactor undergoes a redox reaction at high temperature or under the action of a catalyst in an oxygen-deficient environment to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide and hydrogen delivered by the fuel reforming reactor to the fuel cell generator directly react with the oxidant at 600°C to 800°C to generate electricity. The DC/DC converter converts the voltage output by the fuel cell generator to the voltage required by the electric vehicle. The power distribution unit is used to control the connection or disconnection of circuits between the battery system, the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the DC/DC converter. The battery system includes a power lithium-ion battery and a battery management control module. The power lithium-ion battery mainly plays the role of "shaving peaks and filling valleys".
电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机和配电单元工作,与电池系统通信获取电动汽车电池的信息。电能管理控制器还与整车控制器通信获取整车信息,反馈电能供给系统信息到整车控制器。电动汽车启动时,整车控制器发送信息给电能管理控制器,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机工作发电。The power management controller controls the work of the fuel cell generator and power distribution unit, and communicates with the battery system to obtain information about the battery of the electric vehicle. The power management controller also communicates with the vehicle controller to obtain vehicle information, and feeds back the information of the power supply system to the vehicle controller. When the electric vehicle is started, the vehicle controller sends information to the power management controller, and the power management controller controls the fuel cell generator to work and generate electricity.
如图3所示,电能供给系统还包括热能回收装置,热能回收装置包括热交换器10、风机11、进风管路12和出风管路13,热交换器10的热媒进口、热媒出口分别与燃料电池发电机3的排热系统连接,热交换器10的冷媒进口通过进风管路12与风机11连接,热交换器10的冷媒出口与出风管路13连接,出风管路13上设有第一出风口18,第一出风口18通过通气管路与电池系统6的进风口连接,第一出风口18上设有第一电磁阀14,电能管理控制器7分别与风机11和第一电磁阀14电连接,出风管路13上还设有第二出风口19,第二出风口19通过通气管路与电动汽车驾驶室内的出气口连接,第二出风口19上设有第二电磁阀15,第二电磁阀15与电能管理控制器7电连接。As shown in Figure 3, the power supply system also includes a heat energy recovery device, which includes a heat exchanger 10, a fan 11, an air inlet pipeline 12 and an air outlet pipeline 13, the heat medium inlet of the heat exchanger 10, the heat medium The outlets are respectively connected to the heat exhaust system of the fuel cell generator 3, the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger 10 is connected to the fan 11 through the air inlet pipeline 12, the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger 10 is connected to the air outlet pipeline 13, and the outlet pipe A first air outlet 18 is provided on the road 13, and the first air outlet 18 is connected to the air inlet of the battery system 6 through a ventilation pipeline. The blower fan 11 is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve 14, and the air outlet pipeline 13 is also provided with a second air outlet 19, and the second air outlet 19 is connected with the air outlet in the cab of the electric vehicle through the ventilation pipeline, and the second air outlet 19 A second solenoid valve 15 is provided on it, and the second solenoid valve 15 is electrically connected with the power management controller 7 .
电动汽车运行过程中,电能管理控制器与电池系统通信获取电池温度信息,当电池温度较低时,电能管理控制器控制第一电磁阀打开,控制风机工作,风机吹入的冷风通过热交换器加热后成为热风吹入电池系统,给电池加热,保证电池在较好的充放电性能温度区间。During the operation of the electric vehicle, the power management controller communicates with the battery system to obtain battery temperature information. When the battery temperature is low, the power management controller controls the opening of the first solenoid valve to control the operation of the fan, and the cold air blown by the fan passes through the heat exchanger. After heating, it becomes hot air and blows into the battery system to heat the battery to ensure that the battery is in a temperature range with good charge and discharge performance.
电动汽车运行过程中,用户可通过整车控制器向电能管理控制器发送控制信号,电能管理控制器控制第二电磁阀打开,控制风机工作,风机吹入的冷风通过热交换器加热后成为热风吹入电动汽车驾驶室,给电动汽车驾驶室提供暖风。During the operation of the electric vehicle, the user can send a control signal to the power management controller through the vehicle controller. The power management controller controls the opening of the second solenoid valve and controls the fan to work. The cold air blown by the fan is heated by the heat exchanger and becomes hot air. Blow into the electric car cab to provide warm air for the electric car cab.
电动汽车电能供给系统还包括检测燃料电池发电机输出电压、电流的电压电流检测模块16和设置在电动汽车驾驶室内的报警模块17,电能管理控制器7分别与电压电流检测模块16和报警模块17电连接。The electric vehicle power supply system also includes a voltage and current detection module 16 for detecting the output voltage and current of the fuel cell generator and an alarm module 17 arranged in the cab of the electric vehicle. The power management controller 7 is connected with the voltage and current detection module 16 and the alarm module 17 respectively. electrical connection.
电能管理控制器将检测的燃料电池发电机输出电压、电流数据发送到整车控制器。当燃料电池发电机输出的电压或电流过高时,报警模块发出报警。The power management controller sends the detected output voltage and current data of the fuel cell generator to the vehicle controller. When the voltage or current output by the fuel cell generator is too high, the alarm module sends out an alarm.
电动汽车电能供给系统还包括无线通信模块20,无线通信模块20与电能管理控制器7电连接。电能管理控制器能通过无线通信模块与其他设备进行无线通信,用户可通过智能手机等终端与电能供给系统通信,获取数据,修改参数,升级系统等。The electric vehicle power supply system further includes a wireless communication module 20 , and the wireless communication module 20 is electrically connected to the power management controller 7 . The power management controller can communicate with other devices wirelessly through the wireless communication module. Users can communicate with the power supply system through terminals such as smartphones, obtain data, modify parameters, and upgrade the system.
本实施例的一种电动汽车电能供给系统的控制方法,用于上述的一种电动汽车电能供给系统,包括以下步骤:当电动汽车启动时,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机工作发电,通过配电单元控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,电池系统给电动汽车的电机系统供电;当电动汽车启动N秒后,电能管理控制器控制燃料电池发电机与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统断开连接,燃料电池发电机单独给电动汽车的电机系统供电。A control method for an electric vehicle power supply system in this embodiment is used in the above-mentioned electric vehicle power supply system, comprising the following steps: when the electric vehicle is started, the power management controller controls the fuel cell generator to work and generate electricity, through The power distribution unit controls the electrical connection between the battery system and the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the battery system supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle; when the electric vehicle starts for N seconds, the power management controller controls the electrical connection between the fuel cell generator and the motor system of the electric vehicle , the control battery system is disconnected from the motor system of the electric vehicle, and the fuel cell generator supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle independently.
燃料电池发电机由于工作温度较高,所以启动时间较慢,启动时需要由电池系统给电动汽车的电机系统供电。Due to the high operating temperature of the fuel cell generator, the start-up time is relatively slow, and the battery system needs to supply power to the motor system of the electric vehicle during start-up.
在燃料电池发电机单独给电动汽车的电机系统供电的过程中,当燃料电池发电机所发电量不能满足电动汽车需求时,电能管理控制器通过配电单元控制电池系统与电动汽车的电机系统电连接,燃料电池发电机和电池系统都给电动汽车的电机系统供电,当电池系统内的电池电量不足时,电能管理控制器通过配电单元控制电池系统与燃料电池发电机电连接,燃料电池发电机给电池系统充电。When the fuel cell generator supplies power to the motor system of the electric vehicle alone, when the power generated by the fuel cell generator cannot meet the demand of the electric vehicle, the power management controller controls the power supply between the battery system and the motor system of the electric vehicle through the power distribution unit. Connection, both the fuel cell generator and the battery system supply power to the motor system of the electric vehicle. When the battery power in the battery system is insufficient, the power management controller controls the electrical connection between the battery system and the fuel cell generator through the power distribution unit, and the fuel cell generator Charge the battery system.
实施例2:本实施例的一种电动汽车电能供给系统,配电单元5与电池系统6之间设有第一接触器和第一保险丝,配电单元5与DC/DC转换器4之间设有第二接触器和第二保险丝,电能管理控制器7分别与第一接触器的控制端和第二接触器的控制端电连接,其余结构与实施例1相同。Embodiment 2: An electric energy supply system for an electric vehicle in this embodiment, a first contactor and a first fuse are provided between the power distribution unit 5 and the battery system 6, and a first contactor and a first fuse are provided between the power distribution unit 5 and the DC/DC converter 4 A second contactor and a second fuse are provided, and the power management controller 7 is electrically connected to the control terminal of the first contactor and the control terminal of the second contactor respectively, and the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
当电池系统输出的电压或电流过高时,电能管理控制器控制第一接触器断开,当燃料电池发电机输出的电压或电流过高时,电能管理控制器控制第二接触器断开。When the voltage or current output by the battery system is too high, the power management controller controls the first contactor to disconnect, and when the voltage or current output by the fuel cell generator is too high, the power management controller controls the second contactor to disconnect.
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CN113386630A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-14 | 吉林大学 | Intelligent network fuel cell automobile power distribution management method in low-temperature environment |
CN113386630B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-03-08 | 吉林大学 | Intelligent network fuel cell automobile power distribution management method in low-temperature environment |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |