CN106596285A - Experimental device used for evaluation of water stability of bituminous mixture and experimental method - Google Patents
Experimental device used for evaluation of water stability of bituminous mixture and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 94
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 column Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0224—Thermal cycling
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于沥青混合料水稳定性评价的实验装置及试验方法，该实验装置包括动载加载设备、工作箱、间接拉伸试验装置、温控装置和固定设备。本发明的实验装置可模拟沥青混合料在实际使用状况下的外界环境，采用在该实验装置中进行间接拉伸疲劳试验的方法，实现了沥青混合料在应力场、温度场、水力场多场耦合且动态变化下水稳定性能的评价，以疲劳寿命评价沥青混合料在不同使用环境中的水稳定性能。本发明实验装置和试验方法可用于研究沥青混合料在实际使用环境下的水稳定性能，具有非常好的评价效果。
The invention discloses an experimental device and a test method for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture. The experimental device includes dynamic load loading equipment, a working box, an indirect tensile test device, a temperature control device and fixed equipment. The experimental device of the present invention can simulate the external environment of the asphalt mixture under the actual use condition, adopt the method of carrying out the indirect tensile fatigue test in the experimental device, realize the asphalt mixture in multiple fields of stress field, temperature field and hydraulic field Evaluation of water stability under coupling and dynamic changes, using fatigue life to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixture in different environments. The experimental device and the test method of the invention can be used to study the water stability performance of the asphalt mixture in the actual use environment, and have a very good evaluation effect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于评价沥青混合料水稳定性的实验装置及试验方法，属于道路工程领域。The invention relates to an experimental device and a test method for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture, belonging to the field of road engineering.
背景技术Background technique
截止2014年底，我国公路总里程达到446.39万公里，高速公路总里程达到11.19万公里。建设过程中，为了提升道路使用性能和减少病害，道路工作者进行了不断的探索。但是，从目前的使用状况来看，路面的病害仍然非常严重，主要以车辙病害和水损害为主，且水损害的比重越来越大。水损害的产生有许多方面的原因，主要包括沥青性质、集料性质、填料特性、添加剂、施工质量及环境因素等。道路工作者一直在寻求各种方法评价各个影响因素对沥青混合料水稳定性的影响，并尝试相应的改进措施。评价方法对于研究各个因素对水稳定性能的影响非常重要，因为有许多的试验方法并不能表征沥青混合料在实际使用状态下的水稳定性能，在室内试验时，具有非常好的性能，却在实际使用过程中表现出了较差的水稳定性能。究其原因主要是试验方法与实际使用环境相差较大，室内试验方法的试验条件与现场实际使用状况的接近程度，决定着试验方法的有效性。在目前的研究中，评价沥青混合料水稳定性的试验方法有间接拉伸试验、间接拉伸疲劳试验、浸水车辙试验、浸水汉堡车辙试验、浸水马歇尔稳定度试验、冻融劈裂试验等。浸水马歇尔稳定度试验和冻融劈裂试验是我国规范规定的水稳定性试验方法，两种试验方法均将试件置于一定的水环境下，然后测得其稳定度，以稳定度的衰减比例评价沥青混合料的水稳定性能。但许多的研究者表示这两种试验方法不能很好的表征沥青混合料在实际使用状态下的水稳定性，试验环境与实际环境具有较大的差别。浸水车辙试验及浸水汉堡车辙试验在有水的环境下进行试验，能够较好的模拟水对沥青混合料性能的影响，得到车辙深度随时间的变化过程，该参数不能直接表征沥青混合料的水稳定性能。间接拉伸试验及间接拉伸疲劳试验是目前国内外普遍采用的试验方法，该试验方法将试件放入60℃恒温水中1.5h，测其间接拉伸强度与间接拉伸疲劳寿命。间接拉伸疲劳试验可以评价沥青混合料在水影响下的疲劳寿命，但该试验方法无法在有水的环境下进行，与沥青混合料的实际使用状态仍有差别。同时，沥青路面在一个复杂的环境条件下使用，还必须考虑温度的作用。因此，有必要得到一种装置能够很好地模拟沥青混合料的现场使用环境，并用合适的方法评价沥青混合料的水稳定性能。By the end of 2014, the total mileage of highways in my country reached 4.4639 million kilometers, and the total mileage of expressways reached 111,900 kilometers. During the construction process, in order to improve road performance and reduce diseases, road workers have carried out continuous exploration. However, judging from the current usage conditions, the road surface diseases are still very serious, mainly rutting disease and water damage, and the proportion of water damage is increasing. There are many reasons for water damage, mainly including asphalt properties, aggregate properties, filler properties, additives, construction quality and environmental factors. Road workers have been seeking various methods to evaluate the influence of various influencing factors on the water stability of asphalt mixture, and try corresponding improvement measures. The evaluation method is very important to study the influence of various factors on the water stability performance, because there are many test methods that cannot characterize the water stability performance of asphalt mixture in the actual use state. In the indoor test, it has very good performance, but in the In actual use, it shows poor water stability. The main reason is that the test method is quite different from the actual use environment, and the closeness between the test conditions of the indoor test method and the actual use conditions on the spot determines the effectiveness of the test method. In the current research, the test methods for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture include indirect tensile test, indirect tensile fatigue test, immersion rutting test, immersion Hamburg rutting test, immersion Marshall stability test, freeze-thaw splitting test, etc. Water immersion Marshall stability test and freeze-thaw splitting test are water stability test methods stipulated in my country's regulations. Both test methods place the specimen in a certain water environment, and then measure its stability. The attenuation of stability Ratio to evaluate the water stability performance of asphalt mixture. However, many researchers said that these two test methods cannot well characterize the water stability of asphalt mixture in the actual use state, and the test environment is quite different from the actual environment. The water-soaked rutting test and the water-soaked Hamburg rutting test are carried out in a water environment, which can better simulate the influence of water on the performance of asphalt mixture, and obtain the change process of rut depth with time. This parameter cannot directly represent the water content of asphalt mixture. stable performance. Indirect tensile test and indirect tensile fatigue test are commonly used test methods at home and abroad. In this test method, the specimen is placed in 60°C constant temperature water for 1.5 hours, and its indirect tensile strength and indirect tensile fatigue life are measured. The indirect tensile fatigue test can evaluate the fatigue life of asphalt mixture under the influence of water, but this test method cannot be carried out in the environment with water, and there are still differences with the actual use state of asphalt mixture. At the same time, asphalt pavement is used under a complex environmental condition, and the effect of temperature must also be considered. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a device that can well simulate the on-site use environment of asphalt mixture, and use a suitable method to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixture.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于沥青混合料水稳定性评价的实验装置及试验方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an experimental device and test method for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture.
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种用于沥青混合料水稳定性评价的实验装置，包括加载压杆、工作箱、上压条、立柱、沥青混合料试件、温度控制装置、下压条、加热管、夹具、固定装置、工作台和万能试验机环境箱；The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: an experimental device for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture, including a loading press bar, a working box, an upper bead, a column, an asphalt mixture test piece, a temperature control device, a lower bead, a heating Tubes, jigs, fixtures, benches and universal testing machine environmental chambers;
所述万能试验机环境箱内设置有工作台，所述工作箱通过固定装置安装在工作台上；A workbench is arranged in the environment box of the universal testing machine, and the workbox is installed on the workbench through a fixing device;
所述上压条、下压条、用于固定下压条的夹具、用于上压条的上下滑动的立柱组成间接拉伸试验装置，间接拉伸试验装置安装在工作箱内；工作箱内还设有加热管，加热管与温度控制装置连接；The upper bead, the lower bead, the fixture for fixing the lower bead, and the upright sliding column for the upper bead form an indirect tensile test device, and the indirect tensile test device is installed in the work box; Tube, the heating tube is connected with the temperature control device;
所述上压条和下压条平行且相对设置，上压条和下压条的内侧均为曲面，所述沥青混合料试件放置在上压条和下压条的中间，上压条上设有加载压杆，沥青混合料试件为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条、下压条的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆、沥青混合料试件的中心轴线在同一平面。The upper bead and the lower bead are arranged in parallel and facing each other. The inner sides of the upper bead and the lower bead are both curved surfaces. The asphalt mixture specimen is placed between the upper bead and the lower bead. The upper bead is provided with a loading bar. The mixture specimen is cylindrical, and the cylinder surface of the cylinder is in contact with the curved surface of the upper layer and the lower layer, and the contact line is on the same plane as the central axis of the loaded pressure bar and the asphalt mixture sample.
作为优选，所述工作箱为上开口的半封闭容器，由钢板焊接而成，高度为40cm，长度为40cm，宽度为30cm。Preferably, the working box is a semi-closed container with an upper opening, welded by steel plates, with a height of 40 cm, a length of 40 cm, and a width of 30 cm.
作为优选，所述上压条和下压条宽度为12.7mm，内侧曲率半径为50.8mm。As a preference, the upper bead and the lower bead have a width of 12.7mm and an inner radius of curvature of 50.8mm.
作为优选，所述加热管为矩形，沿工作箱内侧布设，高度距离工作箱底部8～10cm。Preferably, the heating pipe is rectangular, arranged along the inner side of the working box, and has a height of 8-10 cm from the bottom of the working box.
作为优选，所述沥青混合料试件是直径为100±1mm，高度为63.5±1.3mm的圆柱形试件，按照符合规范要求的原材料、级配、沥青用量经拌和压实成型。As a preference, the asphalt mixture test piece is a cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 100±1mm and a height of 63.5±1.3mm, which is formed by mixing and compacting according to the raw materials, gradation and asphalt dosage meeting the specifications.
本发明用于评价沥青混合料水稳定性的实验装置，包括动载加载装置、工作箱、间接拉伸试验装置、温控装置和固定设备。本发明所述动载加载设备为万能试验机，最大量程为25kN，可按照一定速率施加荷载，也可施加动载或某种波形的动载，可自行设定加载参数。根据已有研究成果，半正弦波形动载能够很好的模拟车辆的动载，加载周期为1秒。万能试验机配有传感器及自动采集记录功能，记录整个加载过程中各项试验参数。在工作箱内安装有间接拉伸试验装置、温控装置和固定设备。所述的间接拉伸试验装置用于进行间接拉伸试验及间接拉伸疲劳试验。所述的温控装置由加热管和温度控制装置组成，加热管为矩形，布设在工作箱内侧，可控制水温在20℃～60℃间变化，温度控制装置可保持温度恒定不变。当温度低于设定温度0.5摄氏度时，温度控制装置自动启动加热管，达到设定温度并保持不变。The experimental device for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture comprises a dynamic load loading device, a working box, an indirect tensile test device, a temperature control device and fixed equipment. The dynamic load loading equipment described in the present invention is a universal testing machine with a maximum measuring range of 25kN, which can apply loads at a certain rate, and can also apply dynamic loads or dynamic loads of a certain waveform, and can set loading parameters by itself. According to the existing research results, the half-sine wave dynamic load can simulate the dynamic load of the vehicle very well, and the loading period is 1 second. The universal testing machine is equipped with sensors and automatic collection and recording functions to record various test parameters during the entire loading process. Indirect tensile test device, temperature control device and fixed equipment are installed in the working box. The indirect tension test device is used for indirect tension test and indirect tension fatigue test. The temperature control device is composed of a heating tube and a temperature control device. The heating tube is rectangular and arranged inside the working box to control the water temperature between 20°C and 60°C. The temperature control device can keep the temperature constant. When the temperature is 0.5 degrees Celsius lower than the set temperature, the temperature control device automatically starts the heating tube to reach the set temperature and keep it constant.
采用上述装置的沥青混合料水稳定性能的评价试验方法，包括如下步骤：The test method for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture using the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:
1)按照设计级配和沥青用量，采用旋转压实仪或马歇尔击实法成型沥青混合料试件，测得沥青混合料试件的高度与直径，直径100±1mm，高度63.5±1.3mm，计算沥青混合料试件的截面积A，室温养生20h以上后备用；1) According to the designed gradation and the amount of asphalt, the asphalt mixture specimen is formed by gyratory compactor or Marshall compaction method, and the height and diameter of the asphalt mixture specimen are measured, the diameter is 100±1mm, the height is 63.5±1.3mm, Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the asphalt mixture specimen, and reserve it after curing at room temperature for more than 20 hours;
2)将工作箱安装在万能试验机的工作台上，并通过固定装置与万能试验机紧密相连；2) Install the working box on the workbench of the universal testing machine, and connect it closely with the universal testing machine through the fixing device;
3)将间接拉伸试验装置的夹具、下压条以及立柱固定在工作箱底部，将上压条安装在两侧立柱上。3) Fix the fixture, lower bead and column of the indirect tensile test device on the bottom of the work box, and install the upper bead on the columns on both sides.
4)工作箱内缓慢注入水，设定温度控制装置和万能试验机的温度为要求温度，使工作箱水温达到要求试验温度±0.5℃，在加热过程中可不断的进行搅拌，加速水的升温速度；4) Slowly inject water into the working box, set the temperature of the temperature control device and the universal testing machine to the required temperature, make the water temperature of the working box reach the required test temperature ±0.5°C, and continuously stir during the heating process to accelerate the temperature rise of the water speed;
5)将沥青混合料试件横向置于上压条与下压条中间，上压条和下压条平行且相对设置，上压条和下压条的内侧均为曲面，上压条上设有加载压杆，沥青混合料试件为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条、下压条的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆、沥青混合料试件的中心轴线在同一平面；调节水面高度略高于沥青混合料试件，将沥青混合料试件浸入恒温水箱中保温不少于1.5h；5) Place the asphalt mixture specimen horizontally between the upper bead and the lower bead. The upper bead and the lower bead are arranged parallel and opposite each other. The inner sides of the upper bead and the lower bead are both curved surfaces. The material sample is cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface is in contact with the curved surface of the upper layer and the lower layer, and the contact line is on the same plane as the central axis of the loading bar and the asphalt mixture sample; the height of the adjusted water surface is slightly higher than that of the asphalt For the mixture test piece, immerse the asphalt mixture test piece in a constant temperature water tank and keep it warm for not less than 1.5h;
6)打开万能试验机，设定加载参数，采用50mm/min的加载速率，进行间接拉伸试验，根据万能试验机记录得到的压力，计算得到沥青混合料试件的间接拉伸强度R，根据间接拉伸强度，采用应力控制模式进行间接拉伸疲劳试验，应力水平为0.3R，荷载为正弦波形的动载，加载周期为1秒，以疲劳寿命评价沥青混合料的水稳定性；6) Turn on the universal testing machine, set the loading parameters, and use the loading rate of 50mm/min to carry out the indirect tensile test, and calculate the indirect tensile strength R of the asphalt mixture specimen according to the pressure recorded by the universal testing machine. Indirect tensile strength, using stress control mode for indirect tensile fatigue test, the stress level is 0.3R, the load is dynamic load with sinusoidal waveform, the loading period is 1 second, and the water stability of asphalt mixture is evaluated by fatigue life;
7)对于同一种试件，至少重复三次有效试验，对于一组测定值中某个数据与平均值之差大于标准差的k倍时，该测定值应舍弃，并以其余测定值的平均值作为试验结果；当试验数目n为3、4、5、6时，k值分别为1.15、1.46、1.67、1.82。7) For the same test piece, repeat the effective test at least three times. When the difference between a certain data and the average value in a group of measured values is greater than k times of the standard deviation, the measured value should be discarded, and the average value of the remaining measured values should be used. As a test result; when the test number n is 3, 4, 5, 6, the k values are 1.15, 1.46, 1.67, 1.82 respectively.
本发明所介绍的水稳定性能评价试验方法，利用自行开发的多场耦合工作箱，考虑了动载应力场、温度场和水力场的多场耦合作用，实现了沥青混合料在实际使用环境中的真实模拟，能够真实反映沥青混合料的水稳定性。多场耦合作用下的间接拉伸疲劳试验得到的疲劳寿命可用于研究沥青混合料的水稳定性能。The water stability performance evaluation test method introduced in the present invention uses the self-developed multi-field coupling work box, considers the multi-field coupling effect of the dynamic load stress field, temperature field and hydraulic field, and realizes the asphalt mixture in the actual use environment It can truly reflect the water stability of asphalt mixture. The fatigue life obtained from the indirect tensile fatigue test under multi-field coupling can be used to study the water stability of asphalt mixture.
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：Beneficial effect: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)与现有的沥青混合料水稳定性评价方法相比，该实验装置实现了沥青混合料在多场耦合作用下水稳定性能研究。首先，浸水马歇尔稳定度试验及冻融劈裂试验均将试件先放入一定的环境中，一定时间后取出试件进行马歇尔稳定度试验或劈裂强度试验。浸水马歇尔稳定度试验和冻融劈裂试验在一定程度上能够反映出沥青混合料的水稳定性能，但不能反映出沥青混合料在长期使用过程中的水稳定性能。其次，浸水马歇尔试验及冻融劈裂试验在室温空气中进行，显然与沥青混合料在实际负载过程中所处的环境不同，没有考虑温度场与水力场的影响。本发明开发的多场耦合工作箱，采用间接拉伸疲劳试验能够表征沥青混合料在长期使用中的水稳定性能，而且实现了试验加载过程在可控的水环境及温度环境中进行。(1) Compared with the existing asphalt mixture water stability evaluation method, this experimental device realizes the research on the water stability performance of asphalt mixture under multi-field coupling. First of all, in the water immersion Marshall stability test and the freeze-thaw splitting test, the specimen is put into a certain environment first, and after a certain period of time, the specimen is taken out for Marshall stability test or splitting strength test. The immersion Marshall stability test and the freeze-thaw splitting test can reflect the water stability of asphalt mixture to a certain extent, but cannot reflect the water stability of asphalt mixture during long-term use. Secondly, the water immersion Marshall test and the freeze-thaw splitting test are carried out in air at room temperature, which is obviously different from the environment in which the asphalt mixture is in the actual loading process, and the influence of temperature field and hydraulic field is not considered. The multi-field coupling work box developed by the invention can characterize the water stability of asphalt mixture in long-term use by using indirect tensile fatigue test, and realize that the test loading process is carried out in a controllable water environment and temperature environment.
(2)与现有多场耦合作用的实验装置相比，该试验装置实现了应力场和水力场的动态变化。沥青路面在浸水状态下，受到车辆的动态荷载作用，产生动态的水力场。该试验装置利用万能试验机施加动态荷载模拟车辆动载，试件在浸水状态下可产生与实际情况接近的动水压力；(2) Compared with the existing experimental device with multi-field coupling effect, the experimental device realizes the dynamic change of stress field and hydraulic field. When the asphalt pavement is immersed in water, it is subjected to the dynamic load of the vehicle, resulting in a dynamic hydraulic field. The test device uses a universal testing machine to apply a dynamic load to simulate the dynamic load of the vehicle, and the test piece can generate a dynamic water pressure close to the actual situation when it is immersed in water;
(3)与现有装置相比，该试验装置考虑了因水力场的变化而引起的动态温度场。常规试验中将沥青混合料试件置于一定恒温的环境中，但真实的沥青路面结构的温度场存在温度梯度，降雨产生的水会引起温度场的变化，这种变化很难准确计算或者模拟。该试验装置可以实现试验过程在饱水的水力场中进行，也可实现试件在非饱水的水力场中进行，设定一定的环境气温，可真实模拟温度场在水力场影响下的动态变化。(3) Compared with the existing device, the test device considers the dynamic temperature field caused by the change of the hydraulic field. In conventional tests, asphalt mixture specimens are placed in a certain constant temperature environment, but there is a temperature gradient in the temperature field of the real asphalt pavement structure, and the water produced by rainfall will cause changes in the temperature field, which are difficult to accurately calculate or simulate . The test device can realize that the test process can be carried out in a water-saturated hydraulic field, and can also realize that the test piece can be carried out in a non-saturated hydraulic field. By setting a certain ambient temperature, it can truly simulate the dynamics of the temperature field under the influence of the hydraulic field. Variety.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明水稳定性实验装置示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of water stability experiment device of the present invention;
图2是本发明沥青混合料试件放置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of placing the asphalt mixture test piece of the present invention.
图中：1-加载压杆，2-工作箱，3-上压条，4-立柱，5-沥青混合料试件，6-温度控制装置，7-下压条，8-加热管，9-夹具，10-固定装置，11-工作台，12-万能试验机环境箱。In the figure: 1-loading pressure bar, 2-working box, 3-upper layer, 4-column, 5-asphalt mixture test piece, 6-temperature control device, 7-lower layer, 8-heating pipe, 9-fixture , 10-Fixing device, 11-Workbench, 12-Universal testing machine environment box.
具体实施方法Specific implementation method
下面结合具体实施方式和说明书附图进一步阐明本发明的内容。The content of the present invention will be further clarified below in combination with the detailed description and accompanying drawings.
如图1和图2所示：一种用于沥青混合料水稳定性评价的实验装置，包括加载压杆1、工作箱2、上压条3、立柱4、沥青混合料试件5、温度控制装置6、下压条7、加热管8、夹具9、固定装置10、工作台11和万能试验机环境箱12；As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: an experimental device for evaluating the water stability of asphalt mixture, including loading pressure bar 1, working box 2, upper layer 3, column 4, asphalt mixture specimen 5, temperature control Device 6, lower bead 7, heating pipe 8, fixture 9, fixing device 10, workbench 11 and universal testing machine environment box 12;
所述万能试验机环境箱12内设置有工作台11，所述工作箱2通过固定装置10安装在工作台11上；A workbench 11 is arranged in the environmental box 12 of the universal testing machine, and the workbox 2 is installed on the workbench 11 by a fixing device 10;
所述上压条3、下压条7、用于固定下压条7的夹具9、用于上压条3的上下滑动的立柱4组成间接拉伸试验装置，间接拉伸试验装置安装在工作箱2内；工作箱2内还设有加热管8，加热管8与温度控制装置6连接；The upper bead 3, the lower bead 7, the fixture 9 for fixing the lower bead 7, the upright column 4 for sliding up and down of the upper bead 3 form an indirect tensile test device, and the indirect tensile test device is installed in the working box 2; A heating pipe 8 is also arranged in the working box 2, and the heating pipe 8 is connected with the temperature control device 6;
所述上压条3和下压条7平行且相对设置，上压条3和下压条7的内侧均为曲面，所述沥青混合料试件5放置在上压条3和下压条7的中间，上压条3上设有加载压杆1，沥青混合料试件5为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条3、下压条7的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆1、沥青混合料试件5的中心轴线在同一平面。The upper bead 3 and the lower bead 7 are parallel and oppositely arranged, the inner sides of the upper bead 3 and the lower bead 7 are curved surfaces, and the asphalt mixture sample 5 is placed in the middle of the upper bead 3 and the lower bead 7, and the upper bead 3 There is a loading bar 1 on the top, and the asphalt mixture specimen 5 is cylindrical, and the cylindrical surface is in contact with the curved surface of the upper bar 3 and the lower bar 7, and the contact line is in contact with the loading bar 1 and the asphalt mixture sample. The central axes of 5 are on the same plane.
所述工作箱2为上开口的半封闭容器，由钢板焊接而成，高度为40cm，长度为40cm，宽度为30cm。所述上压条3和下压条7宽度为12.7mm，内侧曲率半径为50.8mm。所述加热管8为矩形，布设在工作箱内侧，距工作箱底部8～10cm。所述沥青混合料试件5是直径为100±1mm，高度为63.5±1.3mm的圆柱形试件，按照符合规范要求的原材料、级配、沥青用量经拌和压实成型。The working box 2 is a semi-closed container with an upper opening, welded by steel plates, with a height of 40cm, a length of 40cm, and a width of 30cm. The width of the upper bead 3 and the lower bead 7 is 12.7 mm, and the inner radius of curvature is 50.8 mm. The heating pipe 8 is rectangular, arranged inside the working box, 8-10 cm away from the bottom of the working box. The asphalt mixture test piece 5 is a cylindrical test piece with a diameter of 100±1mm and a height of 63.5±1.3mm, which is formed by mixing and compacting according to the raw materials, gradation and asphalt dosage meeting the specifications.
实施例1：间接拉伸试验评价水稳定性能Example 1: Indirect Tensile Test Evaluation of Water Stability
采用上述实验装置，利用间接拉伸试验评价沥青混合料在多场耦合作用下的水稳定性能，包括如下步骤：Using the above experimental device, the indirect tensile test was used to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixture under multi-field coupling, including the following steps:
步骤1：根据设计级配以及沥青用量，采用旋转压实仪或马歇尔击实仪成型高度为100mm，直径为63.5mm的圆柱形沥青混合料试件5，测得试件的高度h与直径d，计算试件的截面积A，室温养生24h后备用。Step 1: According to the designed gradation and the amount of asphalt, use a gyratory compactor or a Marshall compactor to form a cylindrical asphalt mixture specimen 5 with a height of 100mm and a diameter of 63.5mm, and measure the height h and diameter d of the specimen , calculate the cross-sectional area A of the test piece, and keep it at room temperature for 24 hours for later use.
步骤2：工作箱2底部设有螺孔，间距与工作台11上固定螺孔间距相同，采用固定装置10使工作箱2与工作台11紧密相连。Step 2: The bottom of the working box 2 is provided with screw holes, the spacing of which is the same as that of the fixed screw holes on the workbench 11, and the fixing device 10 is used to closely connect the workbox 2 and the workbench 11.
步骤3：间接拉伸试验装置下压条7固定在夹具9之上，将夹具9及立柱4通过螺孔与工作箱2底部紧密连接，上压条3固定于两立柱4上，可自由上下滑动，上压条和下压条平行且相对设置。Step 3: The lower bead 7 of the indirect tensile test device is fixed on the fixture 9, the fixture 9 and the column 4 are tightly connected to the bottom of the working box 2 through the screw holes, the upper bead 3 is fixed on the two columns 4, and can slide up and down freely. The upper bead and the lower bead are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other.
步骤4：工作箱2内缓慢注入水，设定温度控制装置6和万能试验机环境箱12温度为50℃，加热管8开始加热，使工作箱水温达到50±0.5℃，在加热过程中可不断的进行搅拌，加速水的升温速度。Step 4: Slowly inject water into the working box 2, set the temperature of the temperature control device 6 and the universal testing machine environment box 12 to 50°C, and start heating the heating pipe 8, so that the water temperature in the working box reaches 50±0.5°C. Stir constantly to speed up the heating of the water.
步骤5：将沥青混合料试件横向置于上压条与下压条中间，上压条和下压条的内侧均为曲面，上压条上设有加载压杆，沥青混合料试件为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条、下压条的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆、沥青混合料试件的中心轴线在同一平面；调节水面高度略高于试件，但低于上压条3的顶面，将试件浸入恒温水箱中保温不少于1.5h。Step 5: Place the asphalt mixture specimen horizontally between the upper bead and the lower bead. The inner sides of the upper bead and the lower bead are both curved surfaces. The cylindrical surface of the cylinder is in contact with the curved surface of the upper bead and the lower bead, and the contact line is on the same plane as the central axis of the loading bar and the asphalt mixture specimen; On the top surface, immerse the test piece in a constant temperature water tank for not less than 1.5h.
步骤:6：打开万能试验机，设定加载参数，采用50mm/min的加载速率，进行间接拉伸试验，直至试件破坏，根据万能试验机记录得到的压力P，计算得到试件的间接拉伸强度R，R＝0.006287P/h。Step: 6: Turn on the universal testing machine, set the loading parameters, and use a loading rate of 50mm/min to perform an indirect tensile test until the specimen is destroyed. According to the pressure P recorded by the universal testing machine, calculate the indirect tensile test of the specimen. Tensile strength R, R=0.006287P/h.
步骤7：对于同一种试件，至少重复三次有效试验，对于一组测定值中某个数据与平均值之差大于标准差的k倍时，该测定值应舍弃，并以其余测定值的平均值作为试验结果。当试验数目n为3、4、5、6时，k值分别为1.15、1.46、1.67、1.82。Step 7: For the same test piece, repeat the effective test at least three times. When the difference between a certain data and the average value in a group of measured values is greater than k times of the standard deviation, the measured value should be discarded, and the average of the remaining measured values value as the test result. When the test number n is 3, 4, 5, 6, the k values are 1.15, 1.46, 1.67, 1.82 respectively.
步骤8：间接拉伸强度越大，沥青混合料的水稳定性能越好。Step 8: The greater the indirect tensile strength, the better the water stability of the asphalt mixture.
实施例2：间接拉伸疲劳试验评价水稳定性能Example 2: Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test Evaluation of Water Stability
步骤1：成型与实施例1相同的圆柱形沥青混合料试件5，测得试件的高度h与直径d，计算试件的截面积A，室温养生24h后备用。Step 1: Form the same cylindrical asphalt mixture specimen 5 as in Example 1, measure the height h and diameter d of the specimen, calculate the cross-sectional area A of the specimen, and keep it at room temperature for 24 hours before use.
步骤2：工作箱2底部设有螺孔，间距与工作台11上固定螺孔间距相同，采用固定装置10使工作箱2与工作台11紧密相连。Step 2: The bottom of the working box 2 is provided with screw holes, the spacing of which is the same as that of the fixed screw holes on the workbench 11, and the fixing device 10 is used to closely connect the workbox 2 and the workbench 11.
步骤3：间接拉伸试验装置下压条7固定在夹具9之上，将夹具9及立柱4通过螺孔与工作箱2底部紧密连接，上压条3固定于两立柱4上，可自由上下滑动，上压条和下压条平行且相对设置。Step 3: The lower bead 7 of the indirect tensile test device is fixed on the fixture 9, the fixture 9 and the column 4 are tightly connected to the bottom of the working box 2 through the screw holes, the upper bead 3 is fixed on the two columns 4, and can slide up and down freely. The upper bead and the lower bead are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other.
步骤4：工作箱2内缓慢注入水，设定温度控制装置6和万能试验机环境箱12温度为50℃，加热管8开始加热，使工作箱2水温达到50±0.5℃，在加热过程中可不断的进行搅拌，加速水的升温速度。Step 4: Slowly inject water into the working box 2, set the temperature of the temperature control device 6 and the universal testing machine environmental box 12 to 50°C, start heating the heating pipe 8, and make the water temperature of the working box 2 reach 50±0.5°C, during the heating process It can be continuously stirred to accelerate the heating rate of water.
步骤5：将沥青混合料试件横向置于上压条与下压条中间，上压条和下压条的内侧均为曲面，上压条上设有加载压杆，沥青混合料试件为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条、下压条的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆、沥青混合料试件的中心轴线在同一平面；调节水面高度略高于试件，但低于上压条的顶面，将试件浸入恒温水箱中保温不少于1.5h。Step 5: Place the asphalt mixture specimen horizontally between the upper bead and the lower bead. The inner sides of the upper bead and the lower bead are both curved surfaces. The cylindrical surface of the cylinder is in contact with the curved surface of the upper layer and the lower layer, and the contact line is on the same plane as the central axis of the loaded bar and the asphalt mixture specimen; the height of the adjusted water surface is slightly higher than the test piece, but lower than the top of the upper layer On the surface, immerse the specimen in a constant temperature water tank and keep it warm for not less than 1.5h.
步骤6：打开万能试验机，设定加载参数，应力水平为0.3R，即最大加载应力为0.3R，按照半正弦波形进行加载，加载周期为1秒，直至试件破坏，所进行的实验循环次数为疲劳寿命N，采用疲劳寿命评价沥青混合料水稳定性能。Step 6: Turn on the universal testing machine, set the loading parameters, the stress level is 0.3R, that is, the maximum loading stress is 0.3R, and the loading is carried out according to the half-sine waveform, and the loading period is 1 second until the specimen is destroyed. The number is the fatigue life N, and the fatigue life is used to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixture.
步骤7：对于同一种试件，至少重复三次有效试验，对于一组测定值中某个数据与平均值之差大于标准差的k倍时，该测定值应舍弃，并以其余测定值的平均值作为试验结果。当试验数目n为3、4、5、6时，k值分别为1.15、1.46、1.67、1.82。Step 7: For the same test piece, repeat the effective test at least three times. When the difference between a certain data and the average value in a group of measured values is greater than k times of the standard deviation, the measured value should be discarded, and the average of the remaining measured values value as the test result. When the test number n is 3, 4, 5, 6, the k values are 1.15, 1.46, 1.67, 1.82 respectively.
步骤8：疲劳寿命N越大，沥青混合料的水稳定性能越好。Step 8: The greater the fatigue life N, the better the water stability of the asphalt mixture.
实施例3：动态温度场下的水稳定性能评价Embodiment 3: Water stability performance evaluation under dynamic temperature field
步骤1：成型与实施例1相同的圆柱形沥青混合料试件5，测得试件的高度h与直径d，计算试件的截面积A，室温养生24h后备用。Step 1: Form the same cylindrical asphalt mixture specimen 5 as in Example 1, measure the height h and diameter d of the specimen, calculate the cross-sectional area A of the specimen, and keep it at room temperature for 24 hours before use.
步骤2：工作箱2底部设有螺孔，间距与工作台11上固定螺孔间距相同，采用固定装置10使工作箱2与工作台11紧密相连。Step 2: The bottom of the working box 2 is provided with screw holes, the spacing of which is the same as that of the fixed screw holes on the workbench 11, and the fixing device 10 is used to closely connect the workbox 2 and the workbench 11.
步骤3：间接拉伸试验装置下压条7固定在夹具9之上，将夹具9及立柱4通过螺孔与工作箱2底部紧密连接，上压条3固定于两立柱4上，可自由上下滑动，上压条和下压条平行且相对设置。Step 3: The lower bead 7 of the indirect tensile test device is fixed on the fixture 9, the fixture 9 and the column 4 are tightly connected to the bottom of the working box 2 through the screw holes, the upper bead 3 is fixed on the two columns 4, and can slide up and down freely. The upper bead and the lower bead are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other.
步骤4：工作箱2内缓慢注入水，设定温度控制装置6和万能试验机环境箱12温度为50℃，加热管8开始加热，使工作箱2水温达到要求试验温度±0.5℃，在加热过程中可不断的进行搅拌，加速水的升温速度。Step 4: Slowly inject water into the working box 2, set the temperature of the temperature control device 6 and the universal testing machine environment box 12 to 50°C, and start heating the heating pipe 8, so that the water temperature of the working box 2 reaches the required test temperature ±0.5°C, and then heat During the process, stirring can be carried out continuously to accelerate the heating rate of the water.
步骤5：将沥青混合料试件横向置于上压条与下压条中间，上压条和下压条的内侧均为曲面，上压条上设有加载压杆，沥青混合料试件为圆柱形，圆柱形的柱面与上压条、下压条的曲面线接触，该接触线与加载压杆、沥青混合料试件的中心轴线在同一平面；调节水面高度略高于试件，但低于上压条的顶面，将试件浸入恒温水箱中保温不少于1.5h。Step 5: Place the asphalt mixture specimen horizontally between the upper bead and the lower bead. The inner sides of the upper bead and the lower bead are both curved surfaces. The cylindrical surface of the cylinder is in contact with the curved surface of the upper layer and the lower layer, and the contact line is on the same plane as the central axis of the loaded bar and the asphalt mixture specimen; the height of the adjusted water surface is slightly higher than the test piece, but lower than the top of the upper layer On the surface, immerse the specimen in a constant temperature water tank and keep it warm for not less than 1.5h.
步骤6：打开万能试验机，设定加载参数，应力水平为0.3R，即最大加载应力为0.3R，按照半正弦波形进行加载，加载周期为1秒。Step 6: Turn on the universal testing machine, set the loading parameters, the stress level is 0.3R, that is, the maximum loading stress is 0.3R, and the loading is performed according to the half-sine waveform, and the loading period is 1 second.
步骤7：加载开始20分钟后，将工作箱内的水用容器取出，容器置于万能试验机环境箱中，避免水温的降低。此时，试件在非饱和状态下进行间接拉伸疲劳试验。排出水20分钟后，将排出的水重新倒入工作箱内，加载20分钟，将水排出，如此重复，直至试件破坏。所进行的实验循环次数为疲劳寿命N，采用疲劳寿命评价沥青混合料水稳定性能。Step 7: 20 minutes after loading starts, take out the water container in the working box, and place the container in the environmental box of the universal testing machine to avoid the drop of water temperature. At this point, the specimens were subjected to indirect tensile fatigue tests under unsaturated conditions. After draining the water for 20 minutes, pour the drained water back into the working box, load it for 20 minutes, drain the water, and repeat this until the specimen is destroyed. The number of experimental cycles carried out is the fatigue life N, and the fatigue life is used to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixture.
步骤8：对于同一种试件，至少重复三次有效试验，对于一组测定值中某个数据与平均值之差大于标准差的k倍时，该测定值应舍弃，并以其余测定值的平均值作为试验结果。当试验数目n为3、4、5、6时，k值分别为1.15、1.46、1.67、1.82。Step 8: For the same test piece, repeat the effective test at least three times. When the difference between a certain data in a set of measured values and the average value is greater than k times of the standard deviation, the measured value should be discarded, and the average of the remaining measured values value as the test result. When the test number n is 3, 4, 5, 6, the k values are 1.15, 1.46, 1.67, 1.82 respectively.
步骤9：疲劳寿命N越大，沥青混合料的水稳定性能越好。Step 9: The greater the fatigue life N, the better the water stability of the asphalt mixture.
应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components that are not specified in this embodiment can be realized by existing technologies.
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