CN106588490B - Special fertilizer kit for regulating and controlling root zone of drip irrigation corn and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer kit for regulating and controlling root zone of drip irrigation corn and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 339
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K].OS(O)(=O)=O ILRLTAZWFOQHRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 24
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101000623895 Bos taurus Mucin-15 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDUFCUKTJFSWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O CDUFCUKTJFSWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是关于一种滴灌玉米根区调控专用肥套组及其施用方法，本发明的玉米根区肥套组包括出苗肥、拔节期肥、生育中期肥和生育后期肥，其中，所述的拔节期肥包括易固定组肥I和易迁移组肥I，所述的生育中期肥包括易固定组肥II和易迁移组肥II，所述的生育后期肥包括易固定组肥III和易迁移组肥III。本发明将肥料分为易固定组肥和易迁移组肥，其中，易固定组肥中，磷元素含量较多，易迁移组肥中，氮元素含量较多。本发明通过调节两组肥料的配比以及施用的先后顺序，使氮、磷、钾在玉米根区均匀分布，促进了玉米根部对氮、磷、钾的吸收利用，同时，有利于玉米根系的构型，起到了抗倒伏的效果。The invention relates to a special fertilizer set for drip irrigation corn root zone regulation and an application method thereof. The corn root zone fertilizer set of the invention includes seedling fertilizer, jointing stage fertilizer, mid-growth fertilizer and late-growth fertilizer, wherein the The jointing stage fertilizer includes easy fixation group fertilizer I and easy migration group fertilizer I, the middle growth fertilizer includes easy fixation group fertilizer II and easy migration group fertilizer II, and the late growth stage fertilizer includes easy fixation group fertilizer III and easy migration group fertilizer. Group fertilizer III. The present invention divides the fertilizers into easy-fixing group fertilizers and easy-migrating group fertilizers, wherein, the easy-fixing group fertilizers have more phosphorus element content, and the easy-moving group fertilizers have more nitrogen element contents. By adjusting the ratio of the two groups of fertilizers and the order of application, the invention makes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium evenly distributed in the root zone of the corn, promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the roots of the corn, and at the same time, is beneficial to the root system of the corn. The structure has the effect of resisting lodging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer, in particular to a group of special fertilizer sets for regulating and controlling a drip irrigation corn root zone and an application method thereof.
Background
Corn production plays an important role in food production in China, and in the scheme of increasing 1000 billion jin of food production capacity in China (2009-2020), corn bears 44.1% of tasks, so that the production of corn is directly related to the food safety in China.
The corn drip irrigation technology is a novel grain crop irrigation technology developed on the basis of the cotton drip irrigation technology, drip irrigation water is directly dripped into soil near the crop root by a dripper, an ellipsoidal or spherical wetting body is formed in the corn root area, due to the characteristic that drip irrigation is applied along with water, nutrients are also intensively distributed in the wetting body formed by dripping water, however, the migration distance and speed of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrients in the soil are different, and urea is easy to migrate along with water after being applied along with water; the phosphate fertilizer is easy to be adsorbed and fixed by soil, and the mobility is weaker than that of nitrogen; potassium is less mobile than nitrogen and more mobile than phosphorus.
The irrigation quantity and the movement characteristics of different molecules in fertilizer elements are different, and five conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are distributed in a root zone, including that (1) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium do not reach the root zone, (2) nitrogen reaches the root zone, phosphorus and potassium do not reach the root zone, (3) nitrogen and potassium reach a root zone, a phosphate fertilizer does not reach, (4) nitrogen and potassium exceed the root zone, and the phosphate fertilizer just reaches, but the most ideal mode is that (5) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all in the root zone. Therefore, under the same migration time and irrigation quantity, different migration speeds often cause inconsistency between a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium distribution area and the distribution of the corn root system, so that the absorption of the corn plants on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not facilitated, and the improvement of the water and fertilizer efficiency and the yield increase of crops are inhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a corn fertilizer composition and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to overcome the defect of different migration rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in soil, uniformly distribute nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the corn roots, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, promote the growth of the corn roots and further improve the corn yield, so that the corn fertilizer composition is more practical.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The corn group fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a seedling-growing fertilizer, a jointing-stage fertilizer, a middle-growing-stage fertilizer and a later-growing-stage fertilizer, wherein the jointing-stage fertilizer comprises an easily-fixed group fertilizer I and an easily-migrating group fertilizer I, the middle-growing-stage fertilizer comprises an easily-fixed group fertilizer II and an easily-migrating group fertilizer II, and the later-growing-stage fertilizer comprises an easily-fixed group fertilizer III and an easily-migrating group fertilizer III.
The seedling fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-55% of urea phosphate, 40-45% of potassium humate and 5-15% of potassium nitrate.
The jointing stage fertilizer comprises an easily fixed component fertilizer I and an easily movable component fertilizer I, wherein the easily fixed component fertilizer I comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-48% of monoammonium phosphate, 45-52% of potassium sulfate, 5-8% of amino acid zinc and 5-10% of magnesium sulfate; the easy-to-migrate fertilizer I comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-55% of urea, 15-20% of urea phosphate, 35-45% of potassium chloride and 1-3% of ammonium molybdate.
The fertilizer in the middle growth period comprises an easily-fixed group fertilizer II and an easily-movable group fertilizer II, wherein the easily-fixed group fertilizer II comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-65% of monoammonium phosphate, 32-35% of potassium sulfate, 8-10% of amino acid zinc and 5-10% of magnesium sulfate; the easy-to-migrate component fertilizer II comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-55% of urea, 10-15% of ammonium sulfate, 30-35% of potassium chloride, 4-6% of borax, 1-3% of manganese sulfate and 1-3% of ammonium molybdate.
The fertilizer for the later period of fertility comprises an easily-fixed group fertilizer III and an easily-movable group fertilizer III, wherein the easily-fixed group fertilizer III comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-80% of monoammonium phosphate, 18-23% of potassium sulfate, 1-4% of amino acid zinc and 1-3% of magnesium sulfate; the easily-migrating component fertilizer III comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-70% of urea, 10-15% of ammonium sulfate, 18-22% of potassium chloride, 1-3% of borax and 2-5% of manganese sulfate.
The urea is specifically urea with 46% of N by mass.
The monoammonium phosphate of the invention is specifically P2O5In mass percent ofMonoammonium phosphate in an amount of 60% and an N content of 12% by mass, and monoammonium phosphate having an insoluble content of less than 0.5% is preferred.
The potassium sulfate of the present invention is specifically K2Potassium sulfate with the mass percentage of O of 50 percent.
The potassium chloride of the invention is specifically K2The mass percentage of O is 60 percent of potassium chloride.
The potassium nitrate of the invention is specifically K2Potassium nitrate containing 46% by mass of O and 13% by mass of N.
The urea phosphate of the invention is specifically P2O544% by mass of N, and 17% by mass of urea phosphate.
The potassium humate of the invention is K2Potassium humate with the mass percentage of O more than 8 percent and the mass percentage of humic acid more than 55 percent.
The amino acid zinc is specifically amino acid zinc with the mass percentage content of more than 25 percent of the total mass of amino acid and the mass percentage content of more than 8 percent of zinc.
The magnesium sulfate is specifically MgSO4·7H299.5 percent of magnesium sulfate in percentage by mass of O.
The ammonium molybdate provided by the invention is specifically ammonium molybdate with molybdenum content of more than 55% by mass.
The borax provided by the invention is specifically sodium tetraborate with the purity of more than 95% and the water insoluble substance of less than 0.5%.
The manganese sulfate provided by the invention is specifically anhydrous manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate or manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, wherein the purity of the manganese sulfate is more than 98%, and the water-insoluble content of the manganese sulfate is less than 0.5%.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
The object of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are also achieved by the following technical means.
According to the preparation method of the corn group fertilizer, the mass of each component is calculated according to the weight part of the single fertilizer formula, and the weighed corresponding components are uniformly mixed to obtain the seedling emergence fertilizer, the jointing stage fertilizer consisting of the easily fixable group fertilizer I and the easily transportable group fertilizer I, the middle growth stage fertilizer consisting of the easily fixable group fertilizer II and the easily transportable group fertilizer II, and the late growth stage fertilizer consisting of the easily fixable group fertilizer III and the easily transportable group fertilizer III. The prepared seedling emergence fertilizer, the easily-fixed group fertilizer I, the easily-migrated group fertilizer I, the easily-fixed group fertilizer II, the easily-migrated group fertilizer II, the easily-fixed group fertilizer III and the easily-migrated group fertilizer III are put together to form the special fertilizer set for regulating and controlling the root zone of the drip irrigation corn.
The object of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved are also achieved by the following technical means.
According to the application of the corn group fertilizer provided by the invention, the corn group fertilizer adopts a drip irrigation fertilization method, and the fertilizer is applied every 667m2In the corn field, the amount of the seedling emergence fertilizer is 2.5-3.0 kg; in the jointing-stage fertilizer, the dosage of the easily fixable component fertilizer I is 3.5-5.0kg, and the dosage of the easily movable component fertilizer I is 3.0-4.5 kg; in the fertilizer in the middle growth period, the dosage of the easily fixable group fertilizer II is 8.5-11.5kg, and the dosage of the easily migratable group fertilizer II is 6.5-8.5 kg; in the late fertility fertilizer, the dosage of the easily fixable group fertilizer III is 8.0-10.0kg, and the dosage of the easily movable group fertilizer III is 8.0-9.5 kg.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, the application of the corn group fertilizer is implemented, wherein the seedling fertilizer is applied after the corn is sowed; the jointing stage fertilizer is applied after the corn seedlings emerge; the fertilizer is applied from a small flare stage to a heading stage of the corn in the middle growth period; the fertilizer is applied from the flowering period to the milk stage of the corn in the late growth period.
Preferably, in the corn small horn mouth period, the amount of the easily fixable fertilizer II in the fertilizer in the middle growth period is 3.5-4.5kg, and the amount of the easily movable fertilizer II in the fertilizer in the middle growth period is 2.5-3.5 kg; in the heading stage of the corn, the dosage of the easily fixable fertilizer II in the fertilizer in the middle of the growing period is 5.0-7.0kg, and the dosage of the easily migratable fertilizer II is 4.0-5.0 kg.
Preferably, in the corn flowering phase, the amount of the easily fixable group fertilizer III in the post-growth phase is 2.0-2.5kg, and the amount of the easily movable group fertilizer III is 2.5-3.0 kg; in the corn kernel establishment period, the using amount of the easily fixable fertilizer III in the post-growth period is 3.5-4.5kg, and the using amount of the easily movable fertilizer III is 2.5-3.0 kg; in the milk stage of corn, the dosage of the easily fixable group fertilizer III in the post-growth period is 2.5-3.0kg, and the dosage of the easily movable group fertilizer III is 3.0-3.5 kg.
Preferably, before the corn fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation, clear water is dripped for 30-90min, and after the fertilizer is dripped, clear water is dripped for 30-90 min.
Preferably, the application of the corn group fertilizer comprises the following steps: applying the fertilizer 3-7 days after sowing, dripping clear water for 30min, adding 2.5-3.0kg of seedling emergence fertilizer into a drip irrigation system, and continuously dripping clear water until the wetting front exceeds 15cm of a corn sowing row, wherein each 667m of the seedling emergence fertilizer is2The water dropping amount is 15m3-30m3。
The application method of the jointing stage fertilizer comprises the following steps: after the corn seedlings emerge, the corn seedlings are applied, clear water is firstly dripped for 90-100min, and 3.5-5.0kg of the easily-fixed fertilizer I is added into a drip irrigation system; and after 140min at 120-.
The application method of the fertilizer in the middle period of growth comprises the following steps: in the small horn mouth period of the corn, firstly, dripping clear water for 60min, adding 3.5-4.5kg of the easily-fixed component fertilizer II into a drip irrigation system, after 90min, adding 2.5-3.5kg of the easily-migrated component fertilizer II into the drip irrigation system, and continuously dripping clear water for 60-90min after the fertilizer is completely dripped; and (3) in the heading stage of the corn, firstly dripping clear water for 40-50min, adding 5.0-7.0kg of the easily-fixed fertilizer II into the drip irrigation system, and after 120-150min, adding 4.0-5.0kg of the easily-migrated fertilizer II into the drip irrigation system until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and continuously dripping clear water for not less than 60 min.
The application method of the fertilizer in the later period of growth comprises the following steps: in the flowering period of the corn, firstly, dripping clear water for 60min, adding 2.0-2.5kg of the easily-fixed group fertilizer III into a drip irrigation system, after 60min, adding 2.5-3.0kg of the easily-migrated group fertilizer III into the drip irrigation system until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and continuously dripping clear water for 90 min; in the corn kernel building period, firstly, dripping clear water for 60min, adding 3.5-4.5kg of the easily fixable component fertilizer III into a drip irrigation system, after 90min, adding 2.5-3.0kg of the easily transferable component fertilizer III into the drip irrigation system until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and continuously dripping clear water for 60 min; in the milk ripening period of the corn, firstly, clear water is dripped for 60min, 2.5-3.0kg of the easily fixable fertilizer III is added into a drip irrigation system, after 60min, 3.0-3.5kg of the easily transferable fertilizer III is added into the drip irrigation system until the fertilizer is dripped, and the clear water is dripped continuously for no less than 60 min.
By means of the technical scheme, the corn fertilizer composition and the preparation method and application thereof at least have the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a corn fertilizer.
According to the invention, the conventional water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed into a whole is changed into the easily-fixed fertilizer and the easily-migrated fertilizer according to the solubility of different nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the difference of the moving speed of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reasonably distributed around the corn root system by adopting a mode of entering an irrigation and fertilization system at different time, so that the fixation of a phosphate fertilizer is reduced, the loss of a nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the problem of water-fertilizer root synergy in the crop growth process is effectively solved.
The movement rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is that nitrogen is greater than potassium and is greater than phosphorus, namely, the movement rate of phosphorus element is slowest, the phosphorus element is easy to fix on the surface of the soil and is not easy to enter the soil, and the movement rate of nitrogen element is fastest and is easy to migrate in the soil and enter the soil layer deeper than the root of the corn, therefore, the phosphorus element moving slowly and the nitrogen element moving quickly are different from the distribution of the root zone of the corn plant in the soil.
The fertilizer is easy to fix, has more phosphorus content, and occupies space in soil when being dripped along with water; the fertilizer is easy to migrate, the content of nitrogen element is more, and then the fertilizer is dripped along with water, on one hand, the occupied phosphorus element is further brought into the soil, on the other hand, the occupied phosphorus element increases the movement resistance of the nitrogen element in the soil, and the rapid migration of the nitrogen element is slowed down. Therefore, the invention utilizes the migration defect of nitrogen and phosphorus elements and makes the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements uniformly distributed in the corn root area by a drip irrigation technology, thereby being more beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements by corn plants and saving the using amount of fertilizer.
2. The invention adopts different special fertilizer groups at different fertilizing periods, realizes the synchronism of fertilizer supply and corn fertilizer demand, and overcomes the problem of unbalanced nutrient supply in the middle and later stages of corn growth compared with the conventional water-soluble fertilizer.
3. The invention designs the special fertilizer for the water for drip irrigation of the maize seedling emergence, realizes the purpose of consistent soil improvement and fertilization, improves the uniformity of the maize seedling emergence, solves the problem of big and small seedlings formed by local water and fertilizer difference, and improves the consistency of the growth vigor of the maize at the early growth stage.
4. The special fertilizer group is matched with application and the fertilization time is controlled, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements are conveyed to the designated position of the root area, the reasonable configuration of the root system of the drip irrigation corn is optimized, and the lodging resistance of the drip irrigation corn is improved.
5. The special fertilizer kit for regulating and controlling the corn root zone by drip irrigation and the application method realize the whole-process water and fertilizer integration and achieve the purposes of saving labor, fertilizer, water and high and stable yield.
6. The invention further improves the absorption and utilization of the applied fertilizer by the corn root by adjusting the composition of the fertilizer, the sequence of fertilizer application and the fertilizer application time and matching with a drip irrigation technology, also reduces the accumulation and enrichment of chemical fertilizer in soil and is beneficial to the protection of soil resources.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the predetermined purpose, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the preferred embodiments of the fertilizer kit for controlling the root zone of drip irrigation corn and the application method thereof, and the specific implementation manner, structure, characteristics and effects thereof are described in detail. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
In order to solve the problems that nutrient distribution areas and corn root systems are not consistent and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not facilitated due to different migration speeds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the invention provides a group of special fertilizer sets for regulating and controlling the corn root areas and an application method thereof in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, nutrient distribution and root system configuration of the root areas can be regulated and controlled, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are distributed in the root areas, nutrient requirements of drip irrigation corns in different growth periods can be met, trace elements are supplemented, crop nutrients are balanced, fertilizer efficiency is improved, growth is promoted, lodging is resisted, and corn yield is improved.
(1) Drip irrigation special fertilizer for corn seedling emergence water:
the composition consists of the following components: 48% of urea phosphate, 45% of potassium humate and 7% of potassium nitrate.
(2) The special fertilizer group for jointing comprises:
① easily fixable fertilizer I comprising 42% monoammonium phosphate, 45% potassium sulfate, 8% amino acid zinc and 5% magnesium sulfate;
② easily-migrating component fertilizer I, which comprises 46% of urea, 18% of urea phosphate, 35% of potassium chloride and 1% of ammonium molybdate.
(3) The special fertilizer group for the middle period of growth:
① easily fixable fertilizer II comprising monoammonium phosphate 55%, potassium sulfate 32%, amino acid zinc 8%, and magnesium sulfate 5%;
② easily-migrating component II, which comprises 50% of urea, 11% of ammonium sulfate, 30% of potassium chloride, 5% of borax, 2% of manganese sulfate and 2% of ammonium molybdate.
(4) The special fertilizer group for the later growth stage:
① easily fixable fertilizer III comprising 76% of monoammonium phosphate, 19% of potassium sulfate, 3% of amino acid zinc and 2% of magnesium sulfate;
② easily-migrating fertilizer III contains 65% of urea, 12.5% of ammonium sulfate, 19% of potassium chloride, 1.5% of borax and 2% of manganese sulfate.
Before fertilization, according to the fertilizer demand, weighing corresponding simple substance fertilizers according to the weight part proportion of a single fertilizer formula, uniformly mixing the simple substance fertilizers according to the proportion to form a root zone regulation special fertilizer group in each growth period, putting four groups of seven fertilizers together to form a drip irrigation corn root zone regulation special fertilizer group, and fertilizing according to the period and the dosage of the following specific fertilization example.
In the following examples, the water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed together, which is commonly adopted in local places, is adopted for comparison, the irrigation time is the same, the total fertilizer consumption is the same, and the fertilization time adopts a mode of adding drip irrigation fertilizer after 60 minutes of water dripping.
Example 1
The special fertilizer set for regulating and controlling the corn root zone and the application method thereof carry out production tests in agricultural test fields of agricultural academy of Kehezi City of Uygur autonomous region of Xinjiang in 2016, the former crops are cotton, and the cultivated land is cleared up before winter. The research area belongs to typical temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6.5-7.2 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 115mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 1942mm, the evaporation-reduction ratio is 16.9 more than 10, the soil is irrigated grey desert soil, the soil texture is loam soil, the method is suitable for the implementation of the method. In the corn sowing of the embodiment, 126000 corn plants (8400 plants per mu) per hectare are planted in a planting mode of 1 film, 1 tube and 2 rows with different row spacing of 30+80 cm.
And (3) seedling emergence fertilizer: and after the sowing is finished at 28 days in 4 months, uniformly dropping seedling water at 3 days in 5 months, uniformly dropping seedling water, after the clear water is dropped for 40 minutes, adding 3kg of special fertilizer for the corn seedling water by drip irrigation into the system, dropping water for 210 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dropped, wherein the wetting front exceeds the corn sowing row by 15cm, and the corn seedlings emerge at 9 days in 5 months.
And (3) fertilizer group in jointing stage: after 28 days in 6 months, until the upper leaves of young maize plants are rolled up, dripping second water, firstly dripping clean water for 100 minutes, and then adding easy-to-fix fertilizer composition I4.5kg into a fertilization system; after 140 minutes, 4.0kg of easily-migrated component fertilizer is dripped for 150 minutes until the fertilizer is dripped completely, and then clear water is dripped for 80 minutes.
And in the middle-stage fertilizer group of growth, firstly clear water is dripped for 60 minutes at the 10 th day of 7 month in ①, then easily fixable group fertilizer II4.0kg is added into the fertilizer application system, after 90 minutes, easily movable group fertilizer II3.0kg is dripped for 130 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, clear water is continuously dripped for 90 minutes, firstly clear water is dripped for 50 minutes at the 25 th day of ② 7, then easily fixable group fertilizer II6.5kg is added into the fertilizer application system, after 150 minutes, easily movable group fertilizer II5kg is dripped for 150 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and clear water is continuously dripped for 60 minutes.
And in the fertilizer group at the later growth stage, after ① 8-month and 4-day, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III2kg into the fertilizer system, after 60 minutes, dripping water for 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, continuously dripping clear water for 90 minutes, after ② 8-month and 15-day, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III4.0kg into the fertilizer system, after 90 minutes, dripping the easily-movable group fertilizer III2.7kg, after 130 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, continuously dripping clear water for 60 minutes, after ③ 8-month and 22-day, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III2.6kg into the fertilizer system, after 60 minutes, dripping the easily-movable group fertilizer III3.2kg, and then dripping clear water for 110 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and continuously dripping clear water for more than 60 minutes.
Harvesting: and selecting a proper corn harvester for harvesting after 10 months and 8 days.
Comparative example 1: the fertilizer is applied in a fertilizing way,
and (3) seedling emergence fertilizer: 3.5kg of monoammonium phosphate per mu, and fertilizing is started when water drops, as follows.
Fertilizer in jointing stage: 5kg of urea, 3kg of monoammonium phosphate and 1.5kg of potassium sulfate.
The fertilizer for the middle growth period comprises ① (6 kg of urea, 4kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2kg of potassium sulfate) in 10 days in 7 months, 3.5kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2kg of potassium sulfate in 25 days in ② 7 months.
The fertilizer for the later period of growth comprises 5kg of urea, 3kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.5kg of potassium sulfate in 4 days in 8 months in ① 8, 4kg of urea, 3kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2kg of potassium sulfate in 15 days in ② 8, 8 and 22 days in ③ 8, 4kg of urea, 2.5kg of monoammonium phosphate and 24% of water content of seeds after the potassium sulfate 2 kg. is harvested according to the water content of corn14% conversion, example 1 per 667m2The throughput was 1175kg, comparative example 1 per 667m2The yield was 1086 kg. The corn yield of example 1 of the invention was increased by 8.2% over comparative example 1.
Example 2
The special fertilizer set for regulating and controlling the corn root zone and the application method thereof are used for producing 105 groups of five-channel cities in Uygur autonomous areas in Xinjiang in 2016, the former crops are cotton, and the farmland is cleared before winter. The research area of the area belongs to typical temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6-7 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 120mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 1900mm, the evaporation-reduction ratio is more than 16 and is more than 10, the soil is irrigated and cultivated grey desert soil, the soil texture is clay loam, the method is applied to irrigation agriculture, and the method is suitable for implementation. In the corn sowing of the embodiment, 126000 corn plants (8400 plants per mu) per hectare are planted in a planting mode of 1 film, 1 tube and 2 rows with different row spacing of 30+80 cm.
And (3) seedling emergence fertilizer: after seeding is completed in 20 days in 4 months, unifying one drop of seedling emergence water in 24 days in 4 months, unifying one drop of seedling emergence water, adding 2.8kg of special fertilizer for drip irrigation corn seedling emergence water into the system after 30 minutes of clear water dripping, dripping 180 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, leading the wetting front to exceed the corn seeding row by 13cm, and performing corn seedling emergence in 3 days in 5 months.
And (3) fertilizer group in jointing stage: after 18 days in 6 months, until the upper leaves of young maize plants are rolled up, dripping second water, firstly dripping clean water for 90 minutes, and then adding easily-fixed fertilizer composition I3.5kg into a fertilization system; after 120 minutes, 4.5kg of easily-migrated group fertilizer is dripped for 180 minutes until the fertilizer is dripped completely, and clear water is dripped for 60 minutes continuously.
① in the middle-stage fertilizer group, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes on 30 days at 6 months, then adding easily fixable group fertilizer II3.8kg into the fertilization system, after 90 minutes, dripping clear water for 75 minutes after dripping the easily movable group fertilizer II3.3kg for 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, firstly dripping clear water for 40 minutes and then adding easily fixable group fertilizer II7kg into the fertilization system on 12 days at ② 7 months, and after 150 minutes, dripping clear water for 60 minutes after dripping the easily movable group fertilizer II4.5kg for 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped.
And in the fertilizer group at the later stage of growth, after 24 days at ① 7 and 24 months, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III2kg into the fertilizer system, after 60 minutes, dripping water for 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, continuously dripping clear water for 90 minutes, after 3 days at ② 8 and 3 days at 858, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III4.0kg into the fertilizer system, after 90 minutes, dripping the easily-movable group fertilizer III2.7kg, after 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, continuously dripping clear water for 60 minutes, after 16 days at ③ 8 and 16 days at 60 minutes, firstly dripping clear water for 60 minutes, then adding the easily-fixed group fertilizer III2.8kg into the fertilizer system, after 60 minutes, dripping the easily-movable group fertilizer III3.3kg, after 110 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, continuously dripping clear water for more than 60 minutes.
Harvesting: and selecting a proper corn harvester for harvesting after 10 months and 1 day.
Comparative example 2: the fertilizer is applied in a fertilizing way,
and (3) seedling emergence fertilizer: 3.2kg of monoammonium phosphate per mu, and fertilizing is started when water drops, as follows.
Fertilizer in jointing stage: 4.5kg of urea, 2.5kg of monoammonium phosphate and 1.5kg of potassium sulfate.
The fertilizer for the middle growth period comprises ① (6 kg of urea, 4kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.5kg of potassium sulfate) in 10 days in 7 months, 3kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.2kg of potassium sulfate in 25 days in ② 7 months.
5.5kg of urea, 3.2kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.8kg of potassium sulfate in the late growth period of ① 8 months and 4 days, 4.5kg of urea, 3.5kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.2kg of potassium sulfate in the 15 days of ② 8 months and 15 days, 4.6kg of urea, 2.8kg of monoammonium phosphate and 2.4kg of potassium sulfate in the 22 days of ③ 8 months.
After harvest, the moisture content of the seeds is 28%, and according to the conversion of the moisture content of the corns being 14%, the moisture content of each 667m in example 22The throughput was 1094kg, comparative example 2 per 667m2The yield was 998 kg. The corn yield of example 2 of the invention was increased by 9.6% over comparative example 2.
In addition, except for the dosage of each group of fertilizers described in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the invention, the invention is pointed out in the claims and the specification that: the dosage of the seedling fertilizer is 2.5-3.0 kg; the dosage of the easily fixed group fertilizer I is 3.5-5.0kg, and the dosage of the easily movable group fertilizer I is 3.0-4.5 kg; in the small horn mouth period of the corn, the dosage of the easily fixed component fertilizer II is 3.5-4.5kg, and the dosage of the easily movable component fertilizer II is 2.5-3.5 kg; in the heading stage of the corn, the dosage of the easily fixed group fertilizer II is 5.0-7.0kg, and the dosage of the easily movable group fertilizer II is 4.0-5.0 kg; in the flowering period of the corn, the dosage of the easily fixable group fertilizer III is 2.0-2.5kg, and the dosage of the easily movable group fertilizer III is 2.5-3.0 kg; in the corn kernel establishment period, the using amount of the easily fixable component fertilizer III is 3.5-4.5kg, and the using amount of the easily movable component fertilizer III is 2.5-3.0 kg; in the milk ripening period of the corn, the dosage of the easily fixable group fertilizer III is 2.5-3.0kg, the dosage of the easily transferable group fertilizer III is 3.0-3.5kg, and the dosages of the group fertilizers can play a role in improving the yield of the corn and increase the yield by about 10%.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention, especially in light of the principles of fertilizer application as illustrated in the present invention, and other crop fertilizer packages developed by adjusting the formulation should also be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes all numbers subsumed within that range and includes any two numbers subsumed within that range. For example, "monoammonium phosphate 40-48," which includes all values between 40-48, and includes any two values (e.g., 42, 46) within the range that constitute the range of values (42-46); different values of the same index appearing in all embodiments of the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a range value.
The features of the invention claimed and/or described in the specification may be combined, and are not limited to the combinations set forth in the claims by the recitations therein. The technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification also belong to the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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