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CN106568716A - Measuring extinction-type visibility meter and extinction-type visibility measuring method - Google Patents

Measuring extinction-type visibility meter and extinction-type visibility measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106568716A
CN106568716A CN201610979959.3A CN201610979959A CN106568716A CN 106568716 A CN106568716 A CN 106568716A CN 201610979959 A CN201610979959 A CN 201610979959A CN 106568716 A CN106568716 A CN 106568716A
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infrared
visible ray
measurement value
light
infrared sensor
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CN106568716B (en
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马舒庆
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CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
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CMA Meteorological Observation Centre
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/532Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke with measurement of scattering and transmission
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/538Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke for determining atmospheric attenuation and visibility
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1734Sequential different kinds of measurements; Combining two or more methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1738Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement
    • G01N2021/1744Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement either absorption or scatter

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring extinction-type visibility meter. The measuring extinction-type visibility meter comprises a visible light or near-infrared light source, a visible light or near-infrared light sensor, an infrared sensor, a processor, and a power supply; the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source are designed to be crossed; the acceptance angle of the infrared sensor is designed to be coincident with light beam of the visible light or near-infrared light source. The invention also discloses an extinction-type visibility measuring method. According to the extinction-type visibility measuring method, visible light or near-infrared light scattering and infrared radiation, when the light source is turned on and turned off, are measured so as to obtain scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient; the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient are summated so as to obtain extinction coefficient; and then a visibility measuring value is calculated based on a visibility calculation formula. In measuring process, scattering and absorption of aerosol in the atmosphere on light are taken into consideration fully, measuring accuracy is high, measuring range is large, and cost is low.

Description

Measurement extinction type visibility meter and extinction type visibility measurement method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement extinction type visibility meter extinction type visibility measurement method.
Background technology
Traditional forward scattering visibility meter is as shown in figure 1, visible light source sends light beam, it is seen that optical sensor receiving light Source beam scattered light in an atmosphere, by calculating scattering coefficient, recycles visibility computing formula to calculate visibility value, actual It is upper atmospheric scattering coefficient as extinction coefficient.Due to there is aerosol in air, and aerosol is not only scattered to light source, also Meeting absorbing light, therefore this measuring method has larger error, with the optical characteristics difference of aerosol in air, its measurement error Also it is different.Under extreme case, if aerosol is the black matrix for fully absorbing light, then measurement error is exactly 100%.
Traditional transmission visibility meter obtains extinction coefficient by the decay of direct measurement air, i.e., measure scattering simultaneously Coefficient and absorptance, but in order to be able to relatively accurately measure the decay of air, it is necessary to emitting portion and receiving portion interval Tens meters, no side extinction coefficient are installed, safeguard inconvenient with regard to indeterminacy, and measure that range is little, and maintenance requirement is high.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is big to solve current visibility measuring instrument measurement error, and measurement range is little, installs and safeguards The technical problem of inconvenience.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, on the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of measurement extinction type visibility meter, including visible Light or near-infrared light source, visible ray or near infrared sensor, infrared sensor, processor and power supply;
The optical axis of the visible ray or near infrared sensor is intersected with the optical axis of the visible ray or near-infrared light source;It is described infrared Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible ray or near infrared light source beam.
The processor is used to control the visible ray or near-infrared light source is turned on and off, the visible ray or near-infrared Sensor is used to receive the visible ray or near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere or backscatter light, described Processor is additionally operable to forward scattering light measurement value or the backscatter flash ranging for receiving the visible ray or near infrared sensor output Value;It is molten that the infrared sensor is used for gas in the infra-red radiation or background air and air for receive aerosol in air and air The infra-red radiation of glue, the infrared radiation measurement value or background that the processor is additionally operable to receive the infrared sensor output are infrared Radiometric value;
The processor is additionally operable to the mathematic interpolation according to the forward scattering light measurement value with the backscatter light measurement value Scattering coefficient, according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the mathematic interpolation absorptance of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks Take the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and extinction coefficient are obtained, visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value with scattered light intensity into just Than;
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
In addition, infrared sensor also has another kind of set-up mode, corresponding technology relative to visible ray or near-infrared light source Scheme is:
Measurement extinction type visibility meter, including visible ray or near-infrared light source, visible ray or near infrared sensor, infrared sensing Device, processor and power supply;
The optical axis of the visible ray or near infrared sensor is intersected with the optical axis of the visible ray or near-infrared light source;It is described infrared Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible ray or near-infrared light source beam section;
The processor is used to control the visible ray or near-infrared light source is turned on and off, and the visible ray or near-infrared are sensed Device is used to receive the visible ray or near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere or backscatter light, the process Device is additionally operable to the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter light measurement value for receiving the visible ray or near infrared sensor output; The infrared sensor is used for aerosol in the infra-red radiation or background air and air for receive aerosol in air and air Infra-red radiation, the processor are additionally operable to the infrared radiation measurement value or background infrared radiation for receiving the infrared sensor output Measured value;
The processor is additionally operable to the mathematic interpolation according to the forward scattering light measurement value with the backscatter light measurement value Scattering coefficient, according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the mathematic interpolation absorptance of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks Take the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and extinction coefficient are obtained, visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value with scattered light intensity into just Than;
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of extinction type visibility measurement method, comprises the steps:
(1)Processor controls visible ray or near-infrared light source and opens, it is seen that light or near infrared sensor receive the visible ray or Near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere, the processor receive the visible ray or near infrared sensor output Forward scattering light measurement value;Infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in air and air, and the processor is received The infrared radiation measurement value of the infrared sensor output;
(2)The processor controls the visible ray or near-infrared light source closes to carry out context parameter measurement, the visible ray Or near infrared sensor receives the scattered light of background, the processor receives the back of the body of the visible ray or near infrared sensor output Scape scatters light measurement value;The infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background air and air, the processor Receive the background infrared radiation measured value of the infrared sensor output;
(3)According to forward scattering light measurement value and the mathematic interpolation scattering coefficient of backscatter light measurement value, meanwhile, according to infrared The mathematic interpolation absorptance of radiometric value and background infrared radiation measured value, then, ask for the scattering coefficient with it is described Absorptance and obtain extinction coefficient;Visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value, the backscatter light measurement value, the infrared radiation measurement value N times, N ﹥ 128, according to N group forward scattering light measurement values and backscatter light are measured with the background infrared radiation measured value The accumulated value of the difference of measured value calculates scattering coefficient, meanwhile, measured with background infrared radiation according to N group infrared radiation measurement values The accumulated value of the difference of value calculates absorptance, then, ask for the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and obtains delustring Coefficient;Visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The present invention is by measuring scattered light and infra-red radiation respectively when light source is opened and after closing light source, and then obtains scattering system Number and absorptance, are obtained extinction coefficient after scattering coefficient is sued for peace with absorptance, and then are asked by visibility computing formula Visibility measurement value is obtained, interference of the aerosol to light source in air in measurement process, is considered completely, it is complete by this method Measurement error caused by aerosol is eliminated, certainty of measurement is high;In addition, the present invention is to measure the aerosol energy quantitative change that light source causes Change, it is only necessary to which the induction zone of related sensor is with light beam of light source re-posted just, it is not necessary to send out as transmiting visibility instrument Penetrate and split with reception device, install and safeguard and its be convenient, while range is big, low cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical structure chart of traditional forward scattering visibility meter;
Fig. 2 is the optical structure chart of visibility meter one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the optical structure chart of another embodiment of visibility meter of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of visibility measurement method one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of another embodiment of visibility measurement method of the present invention.
In figure, it is seen that light or near-infrared light source 1;Light beam of light source 2;Visible ray or near infrared sensor 3;Infrared sensor 4; Processor 5;Power supply 6.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are simplified schematic diagram, only with The basic structure of the illustration explanation present invention, therefore which only shows the composition relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4, measurement extinction type visibility meter embodiment 1 of the invention, including visible ray or near-infrared light source 1st, visible ray or near infrared sensor 3, infrared sensor 4, processor 5 and power supply 6;
The optical axis of visible ray or near infrared sensor 3 is intersected with the optical axis of visible ray or near-infrared light source 1;Infrared sensor 4 connects Receive angle to overlap with visible ray or near infrared light source beam 2;
As shown in figure 5, also correspond to measuring method of the present invention one embodiment, during measurement, first processor 5 control visible ray or Near-infrared light source 1 is opened, it is seen that before light or near infrared sensor 3 receive visible ray or near infrared light source beam 2 in an atmosphere To scattered light, processor 5 receives the scattering light measurement value related to scattered light intensity of visible ray or the output of near infrared sensor 3 S1;Infrared sensor 4 receive air in aerosol infra-red radiation, processor receive infrared sensor output with infrared brightness temperature Related infrared radiation measurement value D1;
Secondly, the control visible ray of processor 5 or near-infrared light source 1 are closed and carry out context parameter measurement, it is seen that light or near-infrared are passed The forward scattering light of the reception background of sensor 3, the reception visible ray of processor 5 or near infrared sensor 3 are exported and scattered light intensity Related backscatter light measurement value S2;Infrared sensor 4 receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background air, and processor 5 connects Receive the background infrared radiation measured value D2 related to infrared brightness temperature of the output of infrared sensor 4;
Then, difference S1-S2 and scattering theory according to forward scattering light measurement value S1 with backscatter light measurement value S2 is calculated Scattering coefficient, meanwhile, according to infrared radiation measurement value D1 and difference D1-D2 and theory of radiation of background infrared radiation measured value D2 Absorptance is calculated, then, ask for scattering coefficient and absorptance and extinction coefficient is obtained;It is logical according to visibility computing formula Cross extinction coefficient and try to achieve visibility.
To improve certainty of measurement, measurement error is reduced, as shown in fig. 6, also corresponding to another reality of measuring method of the present invention Apply example, the measurement of forward scattering light measurement value S1, backscatter light measurement value S2, infrared radiation measurement value D1 and background infrared radiation Value D2 measures n times, and N ﹥ 128 calculate scattering coefficient according to the accumulated value AS of N groups S1-S2, meanwhile, according to the tired of N groups D1-D2 Value added AD calculates absorptance, then, ask for scattering coefficient and absorptance and obtains extinction coefficient;Asked according to extinction coefficient Obtain visibility.
Under normal circumstances, S1-S2 is more than zero more than zero, D1-D2;
Under extreme case, if aerosol is black matrix, S1-S2 is equal to zero;D1-D2 is more than the previous case;
According to visibility computing formula V=-ln0.05/ γ, γ is extinction coefficient;
Wherein, γ=C1 ×( S1-S2)+C2×(D1-D2), C1 is the constant related to visible ray or near infrared sensor 3, C2 It is the constant related to infrared sensor 4;
Then V=-ln0.05/(C1×( S1-S2)+C2×(D1-D2)).
And for traditional forward scattering visibility meter, as it is assumed that no any material is absorbed to light source, only survey Amount scattering coefficient, corresponding extinction coefficient γ '=C1 ×( S1-S2),
Then V '=- ln0.05/(C1×( S1-S2));
V-V′=-ln0.05×( C2×(D1-D2)).
Such as:
As instrument C1=2.3, C2=17
Measure S1=0.003, S2=0.002, D1=0.0001, D2=0.00007
Using the visibility meter of the present invention, V=-ln0.05/(C1×( S1-S2)+C2×(D1-D2)), obtaining visibility is 1032 meters
And traditional forward scattering visibility meter is adopted, V '=- ln0.05/(C1×( S1-S2)), visibility is obtained for 1260 Rice, 228 meters of error.
As can be seen here, the present invention improves certainty of measurement by measuring impact of the aerosol to visibility, and range is also therewith Expand.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, measurement extinction type visibility meter embodiment 2 of the invention, including visible ray or near-infrared light source 1st, visible ray or near infrared sensor 3, infrared sensor 4, processor 5 and power supply 6;
The optical axis of visible ray or near infrared sensor 3 is intersected with the optical axis of the visible ray or near-infrared light source 1;Infrared sensor 4 acceptance angles are partially overlapped with visible ray or near infrared light source beam 2;
Visibility measurement process is with embodiment 1.
With the above-mentioned desirable embodiment according to the present invention as enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff is complete Various change and modification can be carried out in the range of without departing from this invention technological thought entirely.The technology of this invention Property scope is not limited to the content in description, it is necessary to its technical scope is determined according to right.

Claims (6)

1. extinction type visibility meter is measured, it is characterised in that including visible ray or near-infrared light source, visible ray or near-infrared sensing Device, infrared sensor, processor and power supply;
The optical axis of the visible ray or near infrared sensor is intersected with the optical axis of the visible ray or near-infrared light source;It is described infrared Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible ray or near infrared light source beam;
The processor is used to control the visible ray or near-infrared light source is turned on and off, and the visible ray or near-infrared are sensed Device is used to receive the visible ray or near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere or backscatter light, the process Device is additionally operable to the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter light measurement value for receiving the visible ray or near infrared sensor output; The infrared sensor is used for aerosol in the infra-red radiation or background air and air for receive aerosol in air and air Infra-red radiation, the processor are additionally operable to the infrared radiation measurement value or background infrared radiation for receiving the infrared sensor output Measured value;
The processor is additionally operable to the mathematic interpolation according to the forward scattering light measurement value with the backscatter light measurement value Scattering coefficient, according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the mathematic interpolation absorptance of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks Take the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and extinction coefficient are obtained, visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
2. it is according to claim 1 measurement extinction type visibility meter, it is characterised in that the forward scattering light measurement value and The backscatter light measurement value is directly proportional to scattered light intensity;
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
3. extinction type visibility meter is measured, it is characterised in that including visible ray or near-infrared light source, visible ray or near-infrared sensing Device, infrared sensor, processor and power supply;
The optical axis of the visible ray or near infrared sensor is intersected with the optical axis of the visible ray or near-infrared light source;It is described infrared Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible ray or near-infrared light source beam section;
The processor is used to control the visible ray or near-infrared light source is turned on and off, and the visible ray or near-infrared are sensed Device is used to receive the visible ray or near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere or backscatter light, the process Device is additionally operable to the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter light measurement value for receiving the visible ray or near infrared sensor output; The infrared sensor is used for aerosol in the infra-red radiation or background air and air for receive aerosol in air and air Infra-red radiation, the processor are additionally operable to the infrared radiation measurement value or background infrared radiation for receiving the infrared sensor output Measured value;
The processor is additionally operable to the mathematic interpolation according to the forward scattering light measurement value with the backscatter light measurement value Scattering coefficient, according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the mathematic interpolation absorptance of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks Take the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and extinction coefficient are obtained, visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
4. it is according to claim 3 measurement extinction type visibility meter, it is characterised in that the forward scattering light measurement value and The backscatter light measurement value is directly proportional to scattered light intensity;
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
5. extinction type visibility measurement method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1)Processor controls visible ray or near-infrared light source and opens, it is seen that light or near infrared sensor receive the visible ray or Near infrared light source beam forward scattering light in an atmosphere, the processor receive the visible ray or near infrared sensor output Forward scattering light measurement value;Infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in air and air, and the processor is received The infrared radiation measurement value of the infrared sensor output;
(2)The processor controls the visible ray or near-infrared light source closes to carry out context parameter measurement, the visible ray Or near infrared sensor receives the scattered light of background, the processor receives the back of the body of the visible ray or near infrared sensor output Scape scatters light measurement value;The infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background air and air, the processor Receive the background infrared radiation measured value of the infrared sensor output;
(3)According to forward scattering light measurement value and the mathematic interpolation scattering coefficient of backscatter light measurement value, meanwhile, according to infrared The mathematic interpolation absorptance of radiometric value and background infrared radiation measured value, then, ask for the scattering coefficient with it is described Absorptance and obtain extinction coefficient;Visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
6. extinction type visibility measurement method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the forward scattering photo measure Value, the backscatter light measurement value, the infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value measure n times, N ﹥ 128, calculates scattering coefficient according to accumulated value of the N group forward scattering light measurement values with the difference of backscatter light measurement value, together When, absorptance is calculated according to accumulated value of the N group infrared radiation measurement values with the difference of background infrared radiation measured value, then, Ask for the scattering coefficient and the absorptance and obtain extinction coefficient;Visibility is tried to achieve according to the extinction coefficient.
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CN113281306A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-08-20 武汉致腾科技有限公司 Highway visibility detection device
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110596047A (en) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-20 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 A kind of visibility sensor and its self-cleaning method and calibration method
CN111487170A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-08-04 中国人民解放军空军研究院战场环境研究所 Intelligent front-scattering visibility meter and intelligent front-scattering visibility measuring method
CN111487170B (en) * 2020-03-23 2023-04-14 中国人民解放军空军研究院战场环境研究所 Intelligent front-scattering visibility meter and intelligent front-scattering visibility measuring method
CN111537403A (en) * 2020-07-09 2020-08-14 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Multi-dimensional observation system and calculation method for smoke forming area of bioaerosol
CN112345497A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-02-09 河南省计量科学研究院 Atmospheric visibility meter calibration system and calibration method thereof
CN112345497B (en) * 2020-11-24 2024-03-15 河南省计量测试科学研究院 Atmospheric visibility meter calibration system and calibration method thereof
CN113281306A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-08-20 武汉致腾科技有限公司 Highway visibility detection device
CN114280056A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-04-05 北京普测时空科技有限公司 Visibility measurement system

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