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CN106541142B - A kind of space junk reuse method based on increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents

A kind of space junk reuse method based on increasing material manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106541142B
CN106541142B CN201610939277.XA CN201610939277A CN106541142B CN 106541142 B CN106541142 B CN 106541142B CN 201610939277 A CN201610939277 A CN 201610939277A CN 106541142 B CN106541142 B CN 106541142B
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space debris
metal
materials
additive manufacturing
space
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CN106541142A (en
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董晓琳
吴胜宝
陈春燕
张展智
海尔瀚
孔令超
吴海华
童科伟
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China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology CALT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F8/00—Manufacture of articles from scrap or waste metal particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F2009/001—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof from scrap particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于增材制造的空间碎片再利用方法，其包括：步骤1，空间碎片材料检测：采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪或激光诱导击穿光谱技术对空间碎片进行材料检测；步骤2，空间碎片材料分解：考虑产品的功能和性能需求，将材料制造成粉末状、丝带状和熔液状等形式；步骤3，空间碎片材料增材制造：采用激光熔化沉积、电子束选区熔化沉积、电子束熔丝沉积技术、金属液滴喷射技术或金属熔融涂覆技术对步骤2中三种不同状态的空间碎片材料实现增材制造。本发明将增材制造技术应用到空间碎片减缓领域，实现了空间碎片金属材料的再利用，所采用的方法具有空间适应能力好、可实现性等优点。

The invention discloses a method for reusing space debris based on additive manufacturing, comprising: step 1, material detection of space debris: using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer or laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology to detect the material of space debris; step 2. Decomposition of space debris materials: Considering the functional and performance requirements of the product, materials are manufactured into powder, ribbon, and molten forms; Step 3, Additive manufacturing of space debris materials: using laser fusion deposition, electron beam selective fusion deposition , electron beam fuse deposition technology, metal droplet jetting technology or metal fusion coating technology to achieve additive manufacturing of space debris materials in three different states in step 2. The present invention applies the additive manufacturing technology to the field of space debris mitigation, realizes the reuse of space debris metal materials, and the adopted method has the advantages of good space adaptability, achievability, and the like.

Description

A kind of space junk reuse method based on increasing material manufacturing
Technical field
The invention belongs to space debris mitigation fields, and in particular to a kind of space junk recycling side based on increasing material manufacturing Method.
Background technique
Space junk refers to no longer valid all cultures on Earth's orbit, is the product of mankind's space operation, Between discards and space object during rocket rocket body and satellite body, execution space mission including completion task The fragment etc. that generates of collision.Currently, the major way of processing space fragment is leaving the right or normal track or removing for space junk, it is typical empty Between fragment leave the right or normal track or sweep-out method has a laser removing, i.e., carry out burning distillation using laser irradiation fractal surfaces, or mention for fragment Perigee altitude is reduced for certain speed increment to reduce orbital lifetime；Electric power rope leaves the right or normal track, that is, utilizes conductive cords cutting ground The electric power that signal magnetic field generates makes space junk be detached from running track, final to carry out atmosphere and burn；Catching mode passes through Flying mesh flies the devices such as pawl or mechanical arm capture space junk.However, the effective use of space junk is only carried out, it could be into one Step improves the efficiency of space junk processing.
Increases material manufacturing technology is carried out under area of computer aided to physical model using discrete and accumulation essential concept Slicing treatment, the accumulation and the continuous superposition on forming direction that the manufacture of 3D solid is converted into two-dimentional level, realizes three Tie up the manufacture of entity.In recent years, ground increases material manufacturing technology develops rapidly, and the components produced have been carried out in space industry Certain engineer application.The in-orbit increases material manufacturing technology of nonmetallic materials is also achieved on international space station, is mainly passed through The raw material such as ABS plastic silk and increasing material manufacturing equipment are carried feeding international space station by vehicle to be tested.But at present still Do not occur carrying out the research that increasing material manufacturing recycles aspect specifically for the space junk of metal material.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to realize the sharp again of space junk metal material based on increases material manufacturing technology With.
Technical solution of the invention are as follows:
A kind of space junk reuse method based on increasing material manufacturing comprising following steps:
1) energy-dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer or laser induced breakdown spectroscopy space junk material tests: are utilized Space junk material is detected, available metal material is filtered out；
2) space junk material decomposes: the purpose recycled according to space junk, the space junk metal material that will be filtered out Material is decomposed into powder, silk ribbon or liquid form；Wherein, space junk metal material is carried out using gas atomization or water atomization Powdered；Silk ribbon is carried out to space junk metal material using single wire drawing, cutting method, molten pumping method or clustered drawing； It is liquefied using the method for crucible high-temperature fusion to space junk metal material；
3) space junk material increasing material manufacturing: for the metal material of space junk powdered, using Laser Melting Deposition Or the mode of electron beam selective melting deposition realizes increasing material manufacturing；For the metal material of space junk silk ribbon, using laser Melt deposition or electron beam fuse deposition technique realize increasing material manufacturing；For the metal material of space junk liquefied, using gold Belong to droplet discharge technique or metal melting paint-on technique realizes increasing material manufacturing.
Further, the gas atomization in the step 2) is vacuum gas atomization.
Further, the space junk metal material silk ribbon method in the step 2) is also alternative will not have preferably The space junk of ductility is made into metal spindle by high-temperature heating, forms sheet metal by rolling, then form gold by cutting Belong to silk ribbon.
Further, the molten drop spraying technique in the step 3) is using high pressure protective gas by the liquid of melting Its high speed then is sprayed at the particle of small and dispersed and deposits to the matrix surface by pre-treatment by state metal atomization, and molten drop exists After the process adhered to, sprawled, merge, consolidate and add up, complete deposition blank is formed.
Further, the metal melting paint-on technique in the step 3) is to push molten metal to flow out using pressurization gas Head is coated, and forms shallow-layer molten bath in substrate simultaneously, so that the melt of coating head outflow deposits in conjunction with molten bath.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) it using space junk as research object, proposes increases material manufacturing technology being applied to space debris mitigation field, it is real The recycling of existing space junk metal material.
(2) space junk material is carried out using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy or energy-dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Detection, have many advantages, such as under space vacuum environment adaptability it is good, almost without material damage.
(3) electron beam fuse increases material manufacturing technology, symmetrical liquid drop injecting manufacturing technology, metal melting paint-on technique etc. are utilized Space junk material increases material manufacturing technology has many advantages, such as that adaptability is good, realizability in space.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that space junk of the present invention recycles flow chart；
Fig. 2 is electron beam fuse deposition technique increasing material manufacturing schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is symmetrical liquid drop injecting technology increasing material manufacturing schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the space junk reuse method of the invention based on increasing material manufacturing includes the inspection of space junk material Survey, space junk material decomposes and three steps of increasing material manufacturing, specific as follows:
Step 1, space junk material tests
Optimum choice energy-dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer of the present invention or laser induced breakdown spectroscopy carry out material inspection It surveys.
The measuring for materials used both at home and abroad at present has scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) light Spectrometer, direct-reading spectrometer and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy etc..
It is largely metal material since space junk mainly comes from the spacecrafts such as final vehicle and inert satellite, because The object that space chip material detects in this present invention is metal material.In addition, since space junk is mainly used as recycling, Therefore small as far as possible to the damage of sample in the detection, simultaneously because chip size is inconsistent, require detection device to detection as far as possible The size no requirement (NR) of article, additionally, due to being mainly used under space vacuum microgravity environment, which must have space Environmental suitability.On the basis of meeting requirements above, due to the limitation of space transportation system resource, detection device be should be as small as possible Type, lighting, by comparative analysis: energy-dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy can Space junk measuring for materials preferably in the present invention.
1 a variety of materials detection technique advantage and disadvantage of table
Step 2, space junk material decompose
On the basis of space junk detection, the mode based on increasing material manufacturing is different, decomposes using by space junk material For the form of powdered silk ribbon shape or melt shape.
The main raw material(s) of the metal increasing material manufacturing on ground is powder, silk material etc. at present.Wherein metal powder increases material system Make it is most widely used, metal powder needed for increasing material manufacturing need to meet tiny partial size, narrow particle size distribution, sphericity high, good fluidity and Apparent density is high.Currently, the commonly used powder preparation method of metallurgical industry can be divided mainly into according to preparation process: reduction method, Electrolysis method, mechanical crushing method, atomization etc..But electrolysis method and reduction method are only limitted to the production of elemental metals powder, and for closing Bronze end is then not suitable for.Mechanical crushing method low efficiency, energy consumption is high, mostly the means of supplementing out economy as other powder methods processed, or for mixing Powder of different nature.Molten metal is atomized into fine drop by atomization, and powder is frozen into cooling medium.Atomization master Metal liquid stream is smashed as ejection medium with pressure-air, nitrogen, argon gas etc. (gas atomization) and high pressure water (water atomization). Atomization can carry out the production of nearly all metal being melted, and be particularly suitable for production alloy powder.Therefore powder preparation In mainly use atomization, wherein being divided into water atomization and aerosolization.Due to the contact with water during water atomization, powder can be improved Oxygen content, limit water atomization in the application for the metal powder that preparation sphericity is high, oxygen content is low.Prepared by gas atomization Powder have many advantages, such as that purity is high, oxygen content is low, powder size is controllable, production cost is low and sphericity is high, but aerosolization Water atomization is lower than to the crushing efficiency of metal bath, increases the preparation cost of atomized powder.Vacuum gas atomization can be further It improves powder purity, reduce oxygen content, and have the advantages that powder size is thin.For space junk powder, in conjunction in space Vacuum gas atomization can be used in vacuum advantage.
In wire preparation, single wire drawing, cutting method, molten pumping method and clustered drawing etc. generally can be used.Monofilament Drawing uses multi-mould continuous drawing, and wire is made to be forced through mold under external force, and metal cross-sectional area is compressed, and Obtain required cross sectional shape and size；Cutting method is to make chip using the friction between lathe and the cutter of high-speed rotation A kind of processing method separated from basis material；Molten pumping method is by METAL HEATING PROCESS to molten condition, then is passed through centainly Melt is sprayed or throws away and form filament by device；Clustered drawing is that more wire rods are integrated to a branch of, additional cladding material Material carries out drawing, and the method can be such that the number of drawing greatly reduces, while be pulled off prevented also from individual filament.
Since metal wire material is for metal powder, the more preferably control positioning under microgravity environment, therefore can emphasis Consider the preparation to wire.If the summary of material resolving device is further considered, in the situation that product strength is of less demanding Under, can be used, by high-temperature heating, will further be made into metal spindle with the space junk of preferable ductility, by rolling shape Wire belt is formed at sheet metal, then by cutting.
In molten metal preparation, mainly space junk is put into crucible, using electric heating form heating crucible, so that Space junk fusing.The form of molten metal includes symmetrical liquid drop and molten, and symmetrical liquid drop passes through the spray orifice that is connected with crucible It sprays and is formed, driving is broadly divided into Pneumatic driving type, driving type piezoelectric actuator, mechanical-vibration type, stress waves etc.；Molten is logical The coating head being connected with crucible is crossed to convey to substrate.
Step 3, space junk material increasing material manufacturing
For using metal powder as the increasing material manufacturing mode of raw material, mainly having Laser Melting Deposition, electron beam constituency molten Change the modes such as deposition.Laser Melting Deposition is using laser as energy source, and the metal powder of synchronous transport is layered according to CAD The graphic file of generation, layer by layer deposition go out the technical process of 3-dimensional metal material object parts.It is more flexible on forming dimension, it can be with Realize as low as millimeter magnitude, the big forming to several meters or more metal parts.Electron beam selective melting deposition refers to that electron beam is deflecting It is scanned under coil drive by the path planned in advance, melts the metal powder of preparatory laying, after the scanning for completing a level, such as This is repeated, layer upon layer, the metal parts until producing needs.
It is heavy for using wire belt as the increasing material manufacturing mode of raw material, mainly having Laser Melting Deposition, electron beam fuse Product technology etc..As shown in Fig. 2, wherein electron beam fuse deposition is using electron beam as heat source, it will be former using electron beam is focused Material (wire) melts in high vacuum environment, constructs complex object.Since electron beam metal silk increasing material manufacturing mode is in vacuum There is unique advantage, the characteristic of vacuum environment can greatly simplify the vaccum-pumping equipment in electron beam system, letter under environment Makeup is set, simultaneously because the accessibility of silk ribbon after melting is good compared with powder, more adapts to the environment of microgravity, while the energy of electron beam It measures utilization rate and is much higher than laser, it is therefore, more excellent using electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing mode.
It is molten metal state for raw material, as shown in figure 3, wherein symmetrical liquid drop increasing material manufacturing is to use high pressure protective The liquid metal of melting is atomized into the particle of small and dispersed by gas, then is sprayed and deposited to by preheating with flank speed The matrix surface of equal pre-treatments, molten drop are ultimately forming one completely after the processes such as adhering to, sprawling, merge, consolidate, add up Deposition blank；Metal melting coating increasing material manufacturing is that molten metal outflow coating is pushed using pressurization gas or other modes Head, while shallow-layer molten bath is formed in substrate, so that the melt of coating head outflow deposits in conjunction with molten bath.
In addition to embodiment described above, the present invention can also have other embodiments or be implemented in different ways.It should Know, the invention is not limited to details shown in described in specification or in the accompanying drawings, when only introducing a reality here When applying, claim is not limited to the embodiment.
The present invention is not disclosed technology and belongs to common sense well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1.一种基于增材制造的空间碎片再利用方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. A method for reusing space debris based on additive manufacturing, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: 1)空间碎片材料检测：利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪或激光诱导击穿光谱技术对空间碎片材料进行检测，筛选出可利用的金属材料；1) Detection of space debris materials: use energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer or laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to detect space debris materials, and screen out available metal materials; 2)空间碎片材料分解：根据空间碎片再利用的目的，将筛选出的空间碎片金属材料分解为粉末、丝带或液态形式；其中，采用气雾化法或水雾化法对空间碎片金属材料进行粉末化；采用单丝拉拔法、切削法、熔抽法或集束拉拔法对空间碎片金属材料进行丝带化；采用坩埚高温熔融的方法对空间碎片金属材料进行液化；2) Decomposition of space debris materials: According to the purpose of space debris reuse, the screened space debris metal materials are decomposed into powder, ribbon or liquid form; wherein, the space debris metal materials are decomposed by gas atomization or water atomization. Powdering; Ribbonization of space debris metal materials by single wire drawing method, cutting method, melting extraction method or cluster drawing method; liquefaction of space debris metal materials by crucible melting at high temperature; 3)空间碎片材料增材制造：针对空间碎片粉末化的金属材料，采用激光熔化沉积或电子束选区熔化沉积的方式实现增材制造；针对空间碎片丝带化的金属材料，采用激光熔化沉积或电子束熔丝沉积技术实现增材制造；针对空间碎片液态化的金属材料，采用金属液滴喷射技术或金属熔融涂覆技术实现增材制造：3) Additive manufacturing of space debris materials: for metal materials powdered by space debris, additive manufacturing is realized by laser melting deposition or electron beam selective melting deposition; for metal materials that are ribbonized by space debris, laser melting deposition or electron beam melting deposition The beam fuse deposition technology realizes additive manufacturing; for the liquefied metal materials of space debris, metal droplet ejection technology or metal fusion coating technology is used to realize additive manufacturing: 其中，所述步骤2)中的气雾化法为真空气雾化法，步骤2)中的空间碎片金属材料丝带化方法也可替代为将具有较好延展性的空间碎片经过高温加热，做成金属锭子，通过滚压形成金属片，再通过切割形成金属丝带。Wherein, the gas atomization method in the step 2) is the vacuum air atomization method, and the space debris metal material ribbonization method in the step 2) can also be replaced by heating the space debris with good ductility at high temperature to make It is formed into a metal ingot, rolled to form a metal sheet, and then cut to form a metal ribbon. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于增材制造的空间碎片再利用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中的金属液滴喷射技术为采用高压保护性气体将熔融的液态金属雾化成细小弥散的颗粒，再将其高速喷射并沉积到经过前处理的基体表面，熔滴在经过附着、铺展、融合、固结及累加的过程后，形成完整的沉积坯件。2 . The method for reusing space debris based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1 , wherein the metal droplet spraying technique in the step 3) is to atomize the molten liquid metal into fine particles using a high-pressure protective gas. 3 . The dispersed particles are sprayed at high speed and deposited on the surface of the pre-treated substrate. After the droplets are attached, spread, fused, consolidated and accumulated, a complete deposition blank is formed. 3.根据权利要求1所述的基于增材制造的空间碎片再利用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中的金属熔融涂覆技术为利用增压气体推动金属熔液流出涂覆头，并同时在基板形成浅层熔池，使得涂覆头流出的熔液与熔池结合沉积。3. The method for reusing space debris based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal coating technology in step 3) is to use pressurized gas to push the molten metal to flow out of the coating head, At the same time, a shallow molten pool is formed on the substrate, so that the molten liquid flowing out of the coating head is deposited in combination with the molten pool.
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